阅读说明：本技术 一种农业废弃物堆腐生产花卉栽培基质的方法 (Method for producing flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes ) 是由 黄志刚 于 2019-11-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种农业废弃物堆腐生产花卉栽培基质的方法,其特征在于,包括如下步骤：步骤S1、农业废弃物前处理；步骤S2、堆肥发酵；步骤S3、基质的制备。本发明还公开了根据所述一种农业废弃物堆腐生产花卉栽培基质的方法生产得到的花卉栽培基质。本发明公开的基质能够显著促进花卉的生长；使得花卉生长健壮,叶色浓绿,花朵大且多,色泽鲜艳,还可延长花期；除此之外,生产得到的基质成本低,节能环保,养分充足,具有良好的透气性和保水性,同时,实现了农业废弃物的资源回收再利用,变废为宝,不仅节约了能源,还有利于保护环境。(The invention relates to a method for producing a flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: step S1, pretreatment of agricultural wastes; step S2, composting and fermenting; and step S3, preparation of a matrix. The invention also discloses a flower culture medium produced by the method for producing the flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes. The matrix disclosed by the invention can obviously promote the growth of flowers; the flowers grow strongly, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are large and many, the color is bright, and the flowering phase can be prolonged; in addition, the produced substrate is low in cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly, sufficient in nutrients, good in air permeability and water retention property, and meanwhile, the resource recycling of agricultural wastes is realized, waste is changed into valuable, not only is the energy saved, but also the environment is protected.)

1. A method for producing a flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, pretreatment of agricultural wastes: performing color sorting, cleaning and impurity removal on the collected agricultural wastes, drying, then performing ball milling to prepare powder, and sieving the powder through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste powder;

step S2, composting fermentation: uniformly mixing the agricultural waste powder, the vinasse and the mixture strain prepared in the step S1, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, calcium gluconate, potassium perphosphate, glycerol, hyperbranched polyamide amine, potassium fulvate and water, stacking and fermenting for 40-50 days at the temperature of 35-65 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;

step S3, preparation of the matrix: and (4) uniformly mixing the fermentation product prepared in the step (S2), the vesuvianite, the cake fertilizer and the turfy soil to form a main material, then sterilizing, adding a substrate moisture conditioner, a pH regulator and a nutrition starter into the main material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the flower culture substrate.

2. A method for producing a floral culture medium from agricultural waste compost according to claim 1, wherein the agricultural waste comprises the following components in parts by weight in step S1: 30-40 parts of dry chicken manure, 10-20 parts of crushed sorghum stalks, 10-15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5-10 parts of corn distillers' grains and 10-20 parts of rice chaff powder.

3. The method for producing a floral culture medium from agricultural waste compost of claim 1, wherein said mixture of bacterial species in step S2 comprises at least two of lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus thuringiensis.

4. The method for producing a floral culture medium by composting agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the agricultural wastes powder, the distiller' S grains, the mixed strain, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, the calcium gluconate, the potassium perphosphate, the glycerol, the hyperbranched polyamidoamine, the potassium fulvate and the water in step S2 is (80-120): (20-30): (10-15): (5-10): (3-7): (5-8): (5-10): (6-12): 100-200).

5. The method for producing a floral culture medium from agricultural waste compost according to claim 1, wherein the sterilization in step S3 is specifically high-temperature steam sterilization at 125-135 ℃.

6. The method for producing a flower culture medium by composting agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fermentation product, the volcanic rock, the cake fertilizer, the turfy soil, the medium moisture conditioner, the pH regulator and the nutrition promoter in step S3 is (50-60): 5-10): 10-15): 5-10): 3-5): 1-3): 3-5.

7. The method for producing a flower culture substrate by composting agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the substrate moisture conditioner is at least one of steroid saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide.

8. The method for producing a flower culture substrate by stacking agricultural wastes according to claim 1, wherein the mass percentage concentration of the steroid saponin solution is 2-4%; the pH regulator is at least one of dolomite powder and calcium carbonate powder; the nutrition promoter is 2-3-6 nutrition promoter.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flower planting, in particular to a method for producing a flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes.

Background

Agricultural wastes, i.e., wastes discharged from agricultural production, agricultural product processing and rural residents, generally refer to wood fibers or combustible fabrics, space bag fillers discarded by mushroom farmers, branches and leaves after greening and trimming, broken branches and residual wood after disaster clearing, waste materials, wood chips, rice straws, peanut shells, bagasse and the like produced by wood factories. These agricultural wastes are large in quantity and seasonal, and cannot be disposed of by incineration or burial. Even if the biomass can be treated by incineration, the incineration process not only wastes a large amount of biomass energy, but also causes serious pollution to the environment. Therefore, the method for recycling the agricultural wastes is urgent to change wastes into valuables, and is a necessary choice for realizing low-carbon life and sustainable development.

With the continuous development of social economy, the material culture living standard of people is continuously improved, flowers have widely entered ordinary families, are potted in the indoor or in front of and behind the house or on the balcony by people, however, the sources of the indoor flower growing soil in the city are less, the selected soil building rubbish is more, the quality is not good, it is not suitable to be used for growing flowers, and the medium soil proportion for flower cultivation in the response technology is high, the permeability is poor, the organic matter content is low, the water retention, the fertility preservation ability are poor and so on the problem, seriously influence the growth and development of flowers. In this form, the substrate cultivation technique is widely concerned by people, plays an increasingly important role in gardening cultivation, has the advantages of water and fertilizer saving, soil pollution prevention and the like compared with soil cultivation, and can avoid continuous cropping obstacles. In the substrate cultivation, the cultivation substrate is of great importance, and the quality of the performance of the cultivation substrate directly influences the cultivation effect.

At present, peat, vermiculite and perlite are commonly used as flower culture media and are mixed according to a certain proportion for use, but the peat is used as a nonrenewable resource in a short term and is limited to be used for a long time. Most of the existing flower substrates on the market are single-layer or three-layer, the preparation cost is high, hardening, poor permeability, poor nutrient balance, insufficient water retention, small buffering performance and the like occur when the soil performance is poor, the flower growth is not facilitated, and even plants show nutrient deficiency symptoms and other physiological diseases when the soil performance is severe, so that the exertion of the substrate cultivation superiority is influenced.

By utilizing the biomass characteristics of agricultural wastes and preparing the culture flower substrate through composting, the problems that the medium for flower culture in the prior art is high in soil specific gravity, poor in permeability, low in organic matter content, poor in water and fertilizer retention capacity, seriously influencing the growth and development of flowers and the like can be solved, rich and comprehensive nutrition can be provided for the growth of the flowers, the problem of agricultural waste treatment is solved, the waste is changed into the valuable, and the requirement of a sustainable economical development route is met.

Therefore, an effective method for producing the flower culture medium by composting the agricultural wastes is sought, the market demand is met, and the method has higher economic value, social value and ecological value.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for producing a flower culture substrate by composting agricultural wastes, the method has short decomposition period and thorough decomposition, and the prepared substrate can obviously promote the growth of flowers; the flowers grow strongly, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are large and many, the color is bright, and the flowering phase can be prolonged; in addition, the produced substrate is low in cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly, sufficient in nutrients, good in air permeability and water retention property, and meanwhile, the resource recycling of agricultural wastes is realized, waste is changed into valuable, not only is the energy saved, but also the environment is protected.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a method for producing a flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step S1, pretreatment of agricultural wastes: performing color sorting, cleaning and impurity removal on the collected agricultural wastes, drying, then performing ball milling to prepare powder, and sieving the powder through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste powder;

step S2, composting fermentation: uniformly mixing the agricultural waste powder, the vinasse and the mixture strain prepared in the step S1, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, calcium gluconate, potassium perphosphate, glycerol, hyperbranched polyamide amine, potassium fulvate and water, stacking and fermenting for 40-50 days at the temperature of 35-65 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product;

step S3, preparation of the matrix: and (4) uniformly mixing the fermentation product prepared in the step (S2), the vesuvianite, the cake fertilizer and the turfy soil to form a main material, then sterilizing, adding a substrate moisture conditioner, a pH regulator and a nutrition starter into the main material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the flower culture substrate.

Further, the agricultural waste in the step S1 includes the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of dry chicken manure, 10-20 parts of crushed sorghum stalks, 10-15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5-10 parts of corn distillers' grains and 10-20 parts of rice chaff powder.

Further, in step S2, the mixture of bacterial species includes at least two of lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus thuringiensis.

Further, in the step S2, the mass ratio of the agricultural waste powder, the distiller' S grains, the mixture strain, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, the calcium gluconate, the potassium perphosphate, the glycerol, the hyperbranched polyamide amine, the potassium fulvate and the water is (80-120) to (20-30) to (10-15) to (5-10) to (3-7) to (5-8) to (5-10) to (6-12) to (100-200).

Further, the sterilization in step S3 is specifically performed by high-temperature steam sterilization at 125-135 ℃.

Further, in the step S3, the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the vesuvianite to the cake fertilizer to the turfy soil to the substrate moisture conditioner to the pH regulator to the nutrition starter is (50-60) to (5-10) to (10-15) to (5-10) to (3-5) to (1-3) to (3-5).

Further, the substrate moisture conditioner is at least one of steroid saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide.

Preferably, the mass percentage concentration of the steroid saponin solution is 2-4%; the pH regulator is at least one of dolomite powder and calcium carbonate powder; the nutrition promoter is 2-3-6 nutrition promoter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a floral culture medium produced according to the method for producing a floral culture medium from the agricultural waste heap rot.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method for producing the flower culture medium by stacking and decomposing the agricultural wastes provided by the invention has the advantages that the decomposition period is short, the decomposition is thorough, and the prepared medium can obviously promote the growth of flowers; the flowers grow strongly, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are large and many, the color is bright, and the flowering phase can be prolonged; in addition, the produced substrate is low in cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly, sufficient in nutrients, good in air permeability and water retention property, and meanwhile, the resource recycling of agricultural wastes is realized, waste is changed into valuable, not only is the energy saved, but also the environment is protected.

Detailed Description

The invention relates to a method for producing a flower culture medium by stacking and decaying agricultural wastes, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

step S1, pretreatment of agricultural wastes: performing color sorting, cleaning and impurity removal on the collected agricultural wastes, drying, then performing ball milling to prepare powder, and sieving the powder through a 100-mesh and 200-mesh sieve to obtain agricultural waste powder;

step S2, composting fermentation: uniformly mixing the agricultural waste powder, the vinasse and the mixture strain prepared in the step S1, chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, calcium gluconate, potassium perphosphate, glycerol, hyperbranched polyamide amine, potassium fulvate and water, stacking and fermenting for 40-50 days at the temperature of 35-65 ℃ to obtain a fermentation product; the average molecular weight of the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt is 30 ten thousand, and the substitution degree is 80%; the hyperbranched polyamidoamine is hyperbranched polyamidoamine resin with the model of HPN202, and is purchased from Wuhan hyperbranched resin science and technology Limited company;

step S3, preparation of the matrix: and (4) uniformly mixing the fermentation product prepared in the step (S2), the vesuvianite, the cake fertilizer and the turfy soil to form a main material, then sterilizing, adding a substrate moisture conditioner, a pH regulator and a nutrition starter into the main material, and uniformly mixing to obtain the flower culture substrate.

Further, the agricultural waste in the step S1 includes the following components in parts by weight: 30-40 parts of dry chicken manure, 10-20 parts of crushed sorghum stalks, 10-15 parts of crushed fallen leaves, 5-10 parts of corn distillers' grains and 10-20 parts of rice chaff powder.

Further, in step S2, the mixture strains include at least two of lactobacillus, photosynthetic bacteria, bacillus licheniformis, bacillus laterosporus, bacillus subtilis, and bacillus thuringiensis; in the step S2, the mass ratio of the agricultural waste powder, the distiller' S grains, the mixture strain, the chitosan quaternary ammonium salt, the calcium gluconate, the potassium perphosphate, the glycerol, the hyperbranched polyamidoamine, the potassium fulvate and the water is (80-120) to (20-30) to (10-15) to (5-10) to (3-7) to (5-8) to (5-10) to (6-12) to (100-200).

Further, the sterilization in step S3 is specifically performed by high-temperature steam sterilization at 125-; in the step S3, the mass ratio of the fermentation product to the vesuvianite to the cake fertilizer to the turfy soil to the substrate water conditioner to the pH regulator to the nutrition starter is (50-60) to (5-10) to (10-15) to (5-10) to (3-5) to (1-3) to (3-5).

Further, the matrix moisture conditioner is at least one of steroid saponin solution and polyoxyethylene amide; the mass percentage concentration of the steroid saponin solution is 2-4%; the pH regulator is at least one of dolomite powder and calcium carbonate powder; the nutrition promoter is 2-3-6 nutrition promoter.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a floral culture medium produced according to the method for producing a floral culture medium from the agricultural waste heap rot.

Due to the application of the technical scheme, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages: the method for producing the flower culture medium by stacking and decomposing the agricultural wastes provided by the invention has the advantages that the decomposition period is short, the decomposition is thorough, and the prepared medium can obviously promote the growth of flowers; the flowers grow strongly, the leaves are dark green, the flowers are large and many, the color is bright, and the flowering phase can be prolonged; in addition, the produced substrate is low in cost, energy-saving and environment-friendly, sufficient in nutrients, good in air permeability and water retention property, and meanwhile, the resource recycling of agricultural wastes is realized, waste is changed into valuable, not only is the energy saved, but also the environment is protected.

The invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, but the scope of the invention is not limited thereto.