阅读说明：本技术 一种刺参养殖池及其应用 (Stichopus japonicus culture pond and application thereof ) 是由 胡炜 李成林 赵斌 韩莎 刘兆存 解秀春 于 2019-11-08 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种刺参养殖池及其应用,属于刺参养殖技术领域。本发明所述养殖池根据刺参的生物学特性,打破了传统的池底改造以及附着基、进排水阀、拦截滤网等主要基础设施的选择和设置策略,经重新设计优化后的池塘,可大幅提高养殖刺参的成活率和生长速度,减少因生物敌害、集中强降雨、持续高温与低温等极端天气带来的养殖损失风险,并能在环境更加生态安全的基础上使刺参周年养殖生长期延长0.8～1.2个月,提质增效作用显著。通过养殖环境改造和养殖方法配合营造适宜生境,促进刺参生长,周年养殖生长速度可提高12～25％；可减少养殖废弃物的排放及其与底质的作用,从而减缓池塘底质老化,大幅延长清池周期。(The invention provides a stichopus japonicus culture pond and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of stichopus japonicus culture. According to the biological characteristics of the stichopus japonicus, the traditional pond bottom reconstruction and the selection and setting strategies of main infrastructures such as an attachment base, a water inlet and drain valve and an interception filter screen are broken through, the pond after redesigning and optimization can greatly improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the stichopus japonicus, reduce the risk of culture loss caused by extreme weather such as biological enemy, intensive rainfall, continuous high temperature and low temperature and the like, prolong the annual culture growth period of the stichopus japonicus on the basis of more ecological safety of the environment by 0.8-1.2 months, and has remarkable quality and synergy effects. A suitable habitat is built by matching the improvement of the culture environment and the culture method, the growth of the stichopus japonicus is promoted, and the annual culture growth speed can be increased by 12-25%; can reduce the discharge of culture wastes and the action of the culture wastes and the substrate, thereby slowing down the aging of the substrate of the pond and greatly prolonging the pond cleaning period.)

1. A stichopus japonicus culture pond comprises a water inlet, a water outlet, an attachment base and a pest-proof conical net bag, and is characterized in that the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged in the diagonal direction of the culture pond; paving loess with the thickness of 20-40 cm at the bottom of the culture pond, and arranging a bottom ditch at the bottom of the culture pond; the bottom ditch comprises two longitudinal ditches arranged along the direction of the water inlet and the water outlet and a plurality of transverse ditches vertical to the longitudinal ditches;

the attachment base is longitudinally arranged along the water inlet and the water outlet and comprises a cultivation net cage and a wave-shaped sunshade net;

and the inside and the outside of the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided with a harmful conical net bag, and the pointed conical parts of the harmful conical net bags respectively correspond to the water inlet and the water outlet.

2. The culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the effective water depth of the culture pond after loess is spread in the culture pond is 1.2-2.5 m.

3. The culture pond according to claim 1, wherein each of the longitudinal ditches and the transverse ditches has a width of 2-3 m and a depth of 10-30 cm.

4. The culture pond according to claim 1 or 3, wherein the distance between two adjacent transverse ditches is 3-5 m, and the distance between the longitudinal ditches is 1/4-1/3 of the pond width.

5. The culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the proportion of the number of the culture net cages to the number of the wavy sunshade net rows is 1: 2-2: 1; the diameter of the cultivation net cage is 35-45 cm, the wavy sunshade net is a double-layer green sunshade net, and the distance between the height of a wave crest and the bottom of the pond is 40-60 cm after the arrangement; the row spacing of the attachment base is 4-6 m.

6. The culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the pest-control tapered net bags are arranged in 2 layers outside the pond, and 1 layer is arranged in the pond; the radiuses of the two layers of conical net bags outside the pond are 2.5-3.5 m and 5.5-6.5 m respectively, and the radius of the conical net bag inside the pond is 3.5-4.5 m.

7. The culture pond according to claim 1, wherein the water outlet comprises a drainage gate with a combined structure, and a single structure capable of moving up and down is arranged at the position 50-120 cm away from the upper part of the gate plate.

8. Use of the culture pond of any one of claims 1 to 7 for stichopus japonicus seedlings.

9. A method for culturing stichopus japonicus seedlings is characterized by comprising the following steps: putting ginseng seedlings into the culture of any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the weight of the ginseng seedlings is 3000-5000 heads/jin; the throwing density of the ginseng seedlings is 6000-10000 heads/mu; in the culture process, the feed is fed once in 7 days.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the feeding amount of the feed is 0.5-2% of the weight of the ginseng seedlings; in the culture process, water is changed, the water changing frequency is changed once every 1-5 days, and the water changing amount is 10-15% of the original water volume.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of stichopus japonicus culture, and particularly relates to a stichopus japonicus culture pond and application thereof.

Background

Land-based pond culture is the main mode of stichopus japonicus culture in China at present, most of the used ponds are built in the last 70 th century when shrimps are hot or are directly built in a new form in recent years, and optimization and transformation are not carried out on the biological characteristics of different stichopus japonicus culture varieties. Especially, in recent years, with the frequent occurrence of abnormal climatic phenomena such as high temperature, freezing, continuous rainfall and the like, and the occurrence of a series of new problems such as the gradual degradation of the quality of the stichopus japonicus and the deterioration of the culture environment, the stichopus japonicus culture benefits gradually decline, and some defects of the existing pond construction and culture method are increasingly prominent and mainly expressed as:

(1) the culture period is long: compared with other marine culture economic organisms, the stichopus japonicus has the characteristics of sleep in summer and sleep in winter, so that the growth period per se is longer than that of other culture organisms, and the characteristics of the current pond construction and culture method are not optimized, so that the time from egg laying incubation to culture of commercial stichopus japonicus is usually 30-36 months.

(2) The breeding risk is high: in the prior art, the stichopus japonicus culture pond construction does not have the capability of preventing natural disaster risks such as high temperature, low temperature, salinity sudden drop and the like, and does not have a technical process matched with disaster prevention, so that the condition causes serious loss of hundreds of billions of yuan to stichopus japonicus culture in China since 2013.

(3) The breeding efficiency is low: under the prior art, the survival rate of the stichopus japonicus cultured in the pond in 12 months before reaching the commodity specification is usually about 55-70%, and the growth speed is relatively slow. Therefore, the existing culture pond for stichopus japonicus culture cannot meet the requirement of continuous and healthy development of the industry.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a stichopus japonicus culture pond, which can greatly increase the survival rate and growth speed of cultured stichopus japonicus, reduce the risk of culture loss caused by extreme weather such as biological enemy, intensive rainfall, continuous high temperature and low temperature, and prolong the annual culture growth period (shorten the dormancy period) of stichopus japonicus on the basis of more ecological safety of the environment, and has significant effect of quality improvement and synergism.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:

the invention provides a stichopus japonicus culture pond which comprises a water inlet, a water outlet, an attachment base and a pest-control conical net bag, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged according to the diagonal line of the culture pond; paving loess with the thickness of 20-40 cm at the bottom of the culture pond, and arranging a bottom ditch at the bottom of the culture pond; the bottom ditch comprises two longitudinal ditches arranged along the direction of the water inlet and the water outlet and a plurality of transverse ditches vertical to the longitudinal ditches;

the attachment base is longitudinally arranged along the water inlet and the water outlet and comprises a cultivation net cage and a wave-shaped sunshade net;

and the inside and the outside of the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided with a harmful conical net bag, and the pointed conical parts of the harmful conical net bags respectively correspond to the water inlet and the water outlet.

Preferably, the effective water depth of the culture pond with the loess laid therein is 1.2-2.5 m.

Preferably, the width of each longitudinal groove and each transverse groove is 2-3 m, and the depth of each longitudinal groove and each transverse groove is 10-30 cm.

Preferably, the distance between every two adjacent transverse ditches is 3-5 m, and the distance between every two adjacent longitudinal ditches is 1/4-1/3 of the width of the pond.

Preferably, the row number ratio of the breeding net cage to the wave-shaped sunshade net is 1: 2-2: 1; the diameter of the cultivation net cage is 35-45 cm, the wavy sunshade net is a double-layer green sunshade net, and the distance between the height of a wave crest and the bottom of the pond is 40-60 cm after the arrangement; the row spacing of the attachment base is 4-6 m.

Preferably, the pest-control conical net bag is arranged outside the pond in 2 layers, and the pond is internally provided with 1 layer; the radiuses of the two layers of conical net bags outside the pond are 2.5-3.5 m and 5.5-6.5 m respectively, and the radius of the conical net bag inside the pond is 3.5-4.5 m.

Preferably, the water outlet comprises a water discharge gate with a combined structure, and the upper part of the gate plate is a single structure capable of moving up and down at a position of 50-120 cm.

The invention also provides application of the culture pond in stichopus japonicus seedlings.

The invention also provides a method for breeding stichopus japonicus seedlings, which comprises the following steps: putting ginseng seedlings into the culture, wherein the weight of the ginseng seedlings is 3000-5000 heads/jin; the throwing density of the ginseng seedlings is 6000-10000 heads/mu; in the culture process, the feed is fed once in 7 days.

Preferably, the feeding amount of the feed is 0.5-2% of the weight of the ginseng seedlings; in the culture process, water is changed, the water changing frequency is changed once every 1-5 days, and the water changing amount is 10-15% of the original water volume.

The invention provides a stichopus japonicus culture pond, which innovates technical parameters for constructing the stichopus japonicus culture pond according to the biological characteristics of the stichopus japonicus, breaks through the traditional pond bottom reconstruction and the selection and setting strategies of main basic facilities such as an attachment base, a water inlet and outlet valve, an interception filter screen and the like, can greatly improve the survival rate and the growth speed of the cultured stichopus japonicus after redesigning and optimizing the pond, reduces the culture loss risk caused by extreme weather such as biological enemy, intensive rainfall, continuous high temperature, low temperature and the like, can prolong the annual culture growth period of the stichopus japonicus (shorten the dormancy period) by 0.8-1.2 months on the basis of more ecological safety of the environment, and has remarkable upgrading and synergistic effects.

The invention also provides a stichopus japonicus culture method based on the culture pond, which can improve the culture survival rate by 15-30% and the growth speed by 12 months before harvest through innovations of other culture management technologies such as stichopus japonicus seed stocking strategy, feeding strategy, water feeding and discharging, enemy biological control and the like, particularly shows obvious stress resistance advantages in high-temperature period, low-temperature period and flood period of summer and winter, and can still normally survive and grow with ingestion and growth when abnormal losses such as floating, skin dissolving and reef emergence occur in large areas in other traditional culture ponds.

By utilizing the culture pond and the culture method, the time for cleaning the pond can be effectively prolonged. According to the traditional technical scheme, the culture effect is deteriorated due to deterioration of pond bottom materials after 1-2 years, and the pond cleaning time can be prolonged by more than 3-4 years.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a top view structural diagram of a stichopus japonicus culture pond according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a culture pond according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the attachment base in the culture pond according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view of a water discharge port in the culture pond according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a stichopus japonicus culture pond, the top view of which is shown in figure 1, and the stichopus japonicus culture pond comprises a water inlet, a water outlet, an attachment base and a pest-proof conical net bag, wherein the water inlet and the water outlet are arranged according to the diagonal line of the culture pond; paving loess with the thickness of 20-40 cm at the bottom of the culture pond, and arranging a bottom ditch at the bottom of the culture pond; the bottom ditch comprises two longitudinal ditches arranged along the direction of the water inlet and the water outlet and a plurality of transverse ditches vertical to the longitudinal ditches;

the attachment base is longitudinally arranged along the water inlet and the water outlet and comprises a cultivation net cage and a wave-shaped sunshade net;

and the inside and the outside of the water inlet and the water outlet are respectively provided with a harmful conical net bag, and the pointed conical parts of the harmful conical net bags respectively correspond to the water inlet and the water outlet.

The water inlet and the water outlet are respectively positioned at two ends of the culture pond and are distributed in a diagonal manner.

According to the invention, loess is paved at the bottom of the culture pond and then compacted, the cross section of the loess is shown in figure 2, the effective water depth is preferably the depth from the upper surface of the loess to the water surface, and is preferably 1.2-2.5 m.

According to the invention, the bottom ditches are preferably arranged at the bottom of the culture pond in a non-inverted manner, the width of each longitudinal ditch and each transverse ditch is preferably 2-3 m, and the depth is preferably 10-30 cm. The distance between two adjacent transverse grooves is 3-5 m. In the invention, each culture pond comprises 2 longitudinal ditches, and the distance between the longitudinal ditches is 1/4-1/3 of the width of the pond.

The attachment base is longitudinally arranged along the direction of the water inlet and the water outlet as shown in figure 3, the attachment base comprises a culture net cage and a wave-shaped sunshade net, and the row number ratio of the culture net cage to the wave-shaped sunshade net is preferably 1: 2-2: 1. The diameter of the aquaculture net cage is preferably 35-45 cm, the wavy sunshade net is preferably a double-layer green sunshade net and is formed by supporting a bamboo stick or a pvc pipe, and the distance between the height of a peak and the bottom of the pond is 40-60 cm after the wavy sunshade net is arranged. The row spacing of the attachment group is preferably 4-6 m.

The harm-preventing conical net bag is preferably provided with 2 layers outside a pond, the radiuses of the conical net bag outside the pond are preferably 2.5-3.5 m and 5.5-6.5 m respectively, and the preferred conical net bag with a large radius covers the conical net bag with a small radius. The pond is internally provided with 1 layer of conical net bags, and the radius of the conical net bags is preferably 3.5-4.5 m.

The water outlet of the invention preferably comprises a combined-structure water drain gate, more preferably, the upper part of the gate is a separate structure capable of moving up and down at a position of 50-120 cm, and particularly, as shown in fig. 4, the water drain outlet can be lowered to a certain height as required to drain the water in the upper layer of the pool, and the lower gate can be lifted separately as required to drain the water in the lower layer of the pool.

The invention also provides application of the culture pond in stichopus japonicus seedlings.

The invention also provides a method for breeding stichopus japonicus seedlings, which comprises the following steps: putting ginseng seedlings into the culture, wherein the weight of the ginseng seedlings is 3000-5000 heads/jin; the throwing density of the ginseng seedlings is 6000-10000 heads/mu; in the culture process, the feed is fed once in 7 days.

In the method, the feed is preferably a flaky compound feed, and the feed preferably comprises the following ingredients with the grain white powder content: 35% of zostera marina dry powder, 15% of kelp powder, 5.5% of scallop skirt dry powder, 4.5% of yeast powder, 8% of soybean meal, 2% of compound vitamin and 30% of dry sea mud. The feeding amount of the feed is preferably 0.5-2% of the weight of the ginseng seedlings. In the culture process, the invention preferably further comprises water changing, wherein the water changing frequency is once every 1-5 days (according to tidal conditions, the water changing can be carried out as soon as possible in case of tide), and the water changing amount in each time is 10-15% of the original water volume.

The stichopus japonicus cultivating pond and the application thereof provided by the invention are described in detail below with reference to the examples, but the invention is not to be construed as being limited by the scope of the invention.