阅读说明：本技术 一种仿贻贝型Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu多层复合材料及其制备方法 (Mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material and preparation method thereof ) 是由 胥永刚 张入伟 张松 江震 于 2019-09-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种仿贻贝型Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu多层复合材料及其制备方法,制备方法包括：(1)制备Fe-Cr基合金；(2)制备Mn-Cu基合金；(3)叠层钎焊；(4)一次叠轧；(5)二次叠轧；(6)制备多层复合板材；(7)将多层复合板材在真空环境下并置于500～900℃保温1～3h,然后冷却至室温；(8)将步骤(7)所得物置于300～500℃保温0.5～5h,制得仿贻贝型Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu多层复合材料。本发明采用贻贝的叠层结构,将Fe-Cr基合金和Mn-Cu基合金钎焊叠轧在一起,形成的仿生叠层金属复合材料的阻尼温域范围不超过500℃,强度超过250MPa。(The invention provides a mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing Fe-Cr-based alloy; (2) preparing Mn-Cu base alloy; (3) stacking and brazing; (4) primary overlapping and rolling; (5) secondary overlapping rolling; (6) preparing a multilayer composite board; (7) placing the multilayer composite board in a vacuum environment, keeping the temperature of 500-900 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature; (8) and (3) preserving the heat of the product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ for 0.5-5 h to obtain the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material. The bionic laminated metal composite material adopts a laminated structure of mussels, and the Fe-Cr-based alloy and the Mn-Cu-based alloy are brazed and laminated together, so that the damping temperature range of the formed bionic laminated metal composite material is not more than 500 ℃, and the strength of the bionic laminated metal composite material is more than 250 MPa.)

1. A preparation method of a mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparation of Fe-Cr-based alloy

Weighing the following metal raw materials in percentage by mass: 12-16% of Cr, 0-4% of Mo, 0-5% of Al, 0-3% of Si and the balance of Fe, melting the raw materials by a vacuum induction melting method, then casting, and finally, preserving heat for 10-12 hours at the temperature of 1000-1150 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Cr-based alloy;

(2) preparation of Mn-Cu based alloy

Weighing the following metal raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-70% of Mn, 0-5% of Al, 0-4% of Fe, 0-2% of Sn, 0-5% of Ni and the balance of Cu, melting the raw materials by using an induction melting method under the protection of argon, then casting, and finally, preserving heat for 10-12 hours at the temperature of 800-850 ℃ to prepare the Mn-Cu base alloy;

(3) laminated brazing

Respectively cleaning and polishing the surfaces of the Fe-Cr-based alloy and the Mn-Cu-based alloy, placing brazing filler metal between the Fe-Cr-based alloy and the Mn-Cu-based alloy in a mode that the Mn-Cu-based alloy is arranged above and the Fe-Cr-based alloy is arranged below, carrying out multilayer cross stacking, and then carrying out brazing at 700-900 ℃;

(4) one-pass pack rolling

Fixing the edges of the brazed laminated layers, and then carrying out rolling at the rolling reduction of 10-70% and the temperature of room temperature-500 ℃ at the rolling speed of 10-20r/min to obtain a composite plate;

(5) secondary pack rolling

Cutting the composite board into two uniform pieces, annealing at room temperature-800 ℃ for 1-3 h, cooling to room temperature, cleaning and polishing the surfaces of the two composite boards, brazing and fixing the two composite boards, and finally performing rolling at the rolling reduction of 10-70% and the temperature of room temperature-500 ℃ at the rolling speed of 10-20r/min to obtain a four-layer composite board;

(6) continuously cutting the four layers of composite boards, and repeating the step (5) to obtain a multilayer composite board;

(7) placing the multilayer composite board in a vacuum environment, keeping the temperature of 500-900 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature;

(8) and (3) preserving the heat of the product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ for 0.5-5 h to obtain the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material.

2. The preparation method of the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the metal raw materials are weighed in the step (1) according to the following mass percentages: 16% of Cr, 2.5% of Mo and the balance of Fe, melting the raw materials by a vacuum induction melting method, then casting, and finally preserving heat for 12 hours at 1150 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Cr-based alloy.

3. The preparation method of the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the metal raw materials are weighed according to the following mass percentages: 50% of Mn, 45% of Cu, 2% of Al, 1% of Fe, 1% of Sn and 1% of Ni, melting the raw materials by an induction melting method under the protection of argon, casting, and finally preserving heat for 12 hours at 850 ℃ to prepare the Mn-Cu based alloy.

4. The method for preparing the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the brazed layers are fixed at their edges in step (4), and then are subjected to the rolling at a rolling reduction of 30% and a temperature of 200 ℃ at a rolling speed of 20r/min to obtain the composite plate.

5. The method for preparing the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material according to claim 1, wherein in step (5), the two composite sheets are fixed and are subjected to rolling at a rolling reduction of 30% and a temperature of 200 ℃ at a rolling speed of 12 r/min.

6. The method for preparing the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in step (7) is 900 ℃ and the holding time is 1 h.

7. The mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material prepared by the method of any one of claims 1-6.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of composite materials, and particularly relates to a mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The high-damping laminated metal composite material has wide application field, and in the field of automobile engineering, the composite material can reduce and isolate the vibration of an automobile body, so that the noise environment in the automobile is more comfortable; in the field of high-speed rails, in order to isolate the transmission of vibration noise under a vehicle, a high-damping composite material is often added in a vehicle bottom floor so as to reduce the influence of the vibration and noise of the floor on the sound environment in the vehicle and improve the comfort; in the aerospace field, in order to keep the electronic instruments working precisely, high damping composite materials are often used to isolate and reduce vibrations. Among high Damping Composites, constrained Damping Composites (CLDC) are widely used, for example, in automobile body structures, due to their easy preparation. The material is made by using viscoelastic polymer material, such as polyurethane as sandwich, and using aluminum or titanium sheet as restraint layer, and combining with bonding or pressing. The composite material has the advantages of low cost, simple preparation method and good vibration damping effect. However, the damping composite material has the defects that the core layer and the constraint layer are connected by chemical bonds, the bonding strength is low, and delamination and falling are easy to occur; and the viscoelastic core layer is limited by the glass transition temperature range, low-temperature hardening and high-temperature softening and even melting are difficult to avoid, so that the vibration damping temperature range is usually about-100 ℃, and the viscoelastic core layer is easy to oxidize and age after long-time working and cannot be suitable for severe environments such as strong impact vibration in low-temperature or high-temperature environments. And the high-damping laminated metal composite material is prepared by selecting Mg alloy and Al alloy to prepare a laminated composite material and carrying out pack rolling on the laminated composite material. The composite material has the advantages of easily-available raw materials, low cost, simple preparation method and good vibration damping effect. However, the composite material has no bionic characteristic and small damping coefficient, and has the other defect that a damping source is formed by depending on a dislocation mechanism in Mg or Mg alloy, and the damping mechanism is single.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material and a preparation method thereof, which can effectively solve the problems of narrow damping temperature range, small strength, aging, single damping mechanism, no bionic characteristic and the like of the damping composite material in the prior art.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows:

a preparation method of a mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material comprises the following steps:

(1) preparation of Fe-Cr-based alloy

Weighing the following metal raw materials in percentage by mass: 12-16% of Cr, 0-4% of Mo, 0-5% of Al, 0-3% of Si and the balance of Fe, melting the raw materials by a vacuum induction melting method, casting, and finally placing in a muffle furnace for heat preservation at 1000-1150 ℃ for 10-12 hours to prepare the Fe-Cr-based alloy;

(2) preparation of Mn-Cu based alloy

Weighing the following metal raw materials in percentage by mass: 40-70% of Mn, 0-5% of Al, 0-4% of Fe, 0-2% of Sn, 0-5% of Ni and the balance of Cu, melting the raw materials by using an induction melting method under the protection of argon, casting, finally placing in a muffle furnace, and preserving heat for 10-12 hours at the temperature of 800-850 ℃ to prepare the Mn-Cu based alloy;

(3) laminated brazing

Respectively cleaning and polishing the surfaces of the Fe-Cr-based alloy and the Mn-Cu-based alloy, placing brazing filler metal between the Fe-Cr-based alloy and the Mn-Cu-based alloy in a mode that the Mn-Cu-based alloy is arranged above and the Fe-Cr-based alloy is arranged below, carrying out multilayer cross stacking, and then carrying out brazing at 700-900 ℃;

(4) one-pass pack rolling

Fixing the edges of the brazed laminated layers, and then carrying out rolling at the rolling reduction of 10-70% and the temperature of room temperature-500 ℃ at the rolling speed of 10-20r/min to obtain a composite plate;

(5) secondary pack rolling

Cutting the composite board into two uniform pieces, annealing at room temperature-800 ℃ in a vacuum environment, removing stress for 1-3 h, cooling to room temperature, cleaning the surface of the composite board, polishing to remove an oxide layer, brazing and fixing the two composite boards, and finally performing rolling at the rolling reduction of 10-70% and the temperature of room temperature-500 ℃ at the rolling speed of 10-20r/min to obtain a four-layer composite board;

(6) continuously cutting the four layers of composite boards, and repeating the step (5) to obtain a multilayer composite board;

(7) placing the multilayer composite board in a vacuum environment, keeping the temperature of 500-900 ℃ for 1-3 h, and then cooling to room temperature;

(8) and (3) preserving the heat of the product obtained in the step (7) at the temperature of 300-500 ℃ for 0.5-5 h to obtain the mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material.

Further, in the step (1), the metal raw materials are weighed according to the following mass percentages: 16 percent of Cr, 2.5 percent of Mo and the balance of Fe, melting all the raw materials by a vacuum induction melting method, and then preserving heat for 12 hours at 1150 ℃ to prepare the Fe-Cr-based alloy.

Further, in the step (2), the metal raw materials are weighed according to the following mass percentages: 50% of Mn, 45% of Cu, 2% of Al, 1% of Fe, 1% of Sn and 1% of Ni, melting the raw materials by an induction melting method under the protection of argon, and then preserving heat for 12 hours at 850 ℃ to prepare the Mn-Cu-based alloy.

Further, fixing the brazed laminated edge in the step (4), and then carrying out rolling at the rolling reduction of 30% and the temperature of 200 ℃ at the rolling speed of 20r/min to obtain the composite board.

Further, fixing the two composite plates in the step (5), and carrying out rolling at the rolling reduction of 30% and the temperature of 200 ℃ at the rolling speed of 12 r/min.

Further, in the step (7), the temperature is 900 ℃, and the heat preservation time is 1 h.

The mussel-like Fe-Cr/Mn-Cu multilayer composite material and the preparation method thereof provided by the invention have the following beneficial effects:

(1) the tensile strength of the Mn-Cu base alloy prepared by the invention reaches 500MPa, the strength of the Fe-Cr base alloy exceeds 300MPa, the two alloys are rolled, metal atoms of the two alloys are combined with the metal atoms in a metal bond mode, and the shearing strength of the alloy exceeds 250 MPa. The interface shear strength of the constraint damping composite material which takes polyurethane as the core and has the same thickness as the composite material prepared by the invention is usually below 50MPa, and the reason is mainly that each component material is combined by weak chemical bonds formed by metal atoms and polymer chains.

(2) The mussel shell is formed by stacking a brittle calcium carbonate mineral layer with the thickness of about 1 mu m and a tough organic protein layer with the thickness of 10-100nm under a microscope, and the biological laminated composite material has strong toughness; on the other hand, this particular bio-laminate composite has excellent ability to dissipate or suppress vibrational energy without being damaged.

The Mn-Cu-based alloy and the Fe-Cr-based alloy prepared by the invention have respective damping mechanisms, the damping mechanism of the Mn-Cu-based alloy is a twin crystal type, the damping mechanism of the Fe-Cr-based alloy is a ferromagnetic type, and the two damping mechanisms can play a role simultaneously when being subjected to vibration stress in a composite material, so that the requirements of vibration attenuation and noise reduction in a wide temperature range, a wide amplitude range and a wide frequency range can be met. The bionic laminated metal composite material is formed by adopting the laminated structure of the mussels and brazing and laminating the two alloys together, and the damping temperature range of the formed bionic laminated metal composite material can reach 500 ℃ at most. And the damping temperature range of the constrained damping composite material taking polyurethane as the core is lower than 100 ℃.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the rolling technique of the present invention.

Detailed Description