阅读说明：本技术 一种多原料分级进料的气化炉 (Gasification furnace for multi-raw material grading feeding ) 是由 许世森 陶继业 刘刚 樊强 陈智 刘沅 李小宇 任永强 于 2019-10-28 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种多原料分级进料的气化炉,水冷壁、分程隔板、下降筒及渣池自上到下依次分布,点火开工一体化烧嘴自水冷壁的顶部插入于水冷壁内,浆料烧嘴自水冷壁侧面的中部插入于水冷壁内,分程隔板的中部开设有通孔,水冷壁的底部出口与下降筒的顶部入口通过该通孔相连通,下降筒的底部出口插入于渣池内,其中,浆料烧嘴上方的水冷壁形成第一反应室,浆料烧嘴下方的水冷壁形成第二反应室,下降筒内形成激冷罐,各粉料烧嘴插入于第一反应室内；下降筒顶部的内壁上设置有激冷环,其中,激冷环与激冷水接口相连通,该气化炉能够实现固体废弃物及废液的资源化利用,氧气消耗较低,且能够避免产生二噁英。(The invention discloses a gasification furnace with multi-raw material graded feeding, wherein a water-cooled wall, a pass partition plate, a descending cylinder and a slag pool are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, an ignition and start-up integrated burner is inserted into the water-cooled wall from the top of the water-cooled wall, a slurry burner is inserted into the water-cooled wall from the middle part of the side surface of the water-cooled wall, a through hole is formed in the middle part of the pass partition plate, a bottom outlet of the water-cooled wall is communicated with a top inlet of the descending cylinder through the through hole, and a bottom outlet of the descending cylinder is inserted into the slag pool; the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder is provided with the chilling ring, wherein the chilling ring is communicated with the chilling water interface, the gasification furnace can realize resource utilization of solid waste and waste liquid, the oxygen consumption is low, and dioxin generation can be avoided.)

1. The gasification furnace with the multi-raw-material staged feeding function is characterized by comprising an ignition and start-up integrated burner (3), a slurry burner (5), a gasification furnace shell (1), a water-cooled wall (2) arranged in the gasification furnace shell (1), a split-range partition plate (6), a descending cylinder (9) and a slag pool;

the water-cooled wall (2), the pass partition plate (6), the descending cylinder (9) and the slag bath are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, the ignition and start-up integrated burner (3) is inserted into the water-cooled wall (2) from the top of the water-cooled wall (2), the slurry burner (5) is inserted into the water-cooled wall (2) from the middle part of the side surface of the water-cooled wall (2), the middle part of the pass partition plate (6) is provided with a through hole, the bottom outlet of the water-cooled wall (2) is communicated with the top inlet of the descending cylinder (9) through the through hole, the bottom outlet of the descending cylinder (9) is inserted into the slag bath, the cooling system comprises a slurry burner (5), a water-cooled wall (2) and a pass partition plate (6), wherein the water-cooled wall (2) above the slurry burner (5) forms a first reaction chamber (I), the water-cooled wall (2) below the slurry burner (5) forms a second reaction chamber (II), a quench tank (III) is formed below the pass partition plate (6), and each powder burner (4) is inserted into the first reaction chamber (I);

a chilling ring (7) is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder (9), wherein the chilling ring (7) is communicated with a chilling water interface (8);

the side surface of the gasification furnace shell (1) is provided with a synthesis gas outlet (12), a water wall water feeding port (13) and a water wall water discharging port (14), wherein the synthesis gas outlet (12) is over against the descending cylinder (9), the bottom inlet of the water wall (2) is communicated with the water wall water feeding port (13), and the top outlet of the water wall (2) is communicated with the water wall water discharging port (14).

2. The multi-raw material staged-feed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a slag discharge port (11) is provided at the bottom of the slag bath.

3. The gasifier with multi-raw material staged feeding according to claim 1, characterized in that a plurality of bubble breakers (10) are arranged between the descending cylinder (9) and the inner wall of the gasifier shell (1), wherein each bubble breaker (10) is located below the syngas outlet (12), and each bubble breaker (10) is distributed in turn from top to bottom.

4. The gasification furnace with multi-raw material graded feeding according to claim 1, wherein the powder burners (4) are sequentially distributed along the circumferential direction, each powder burner (4) is provided with a powder channel and an oxygen channel, the powder introduced into the powder channel is powder made of coal powder or solid waste, and the powder conveying medium introduced into the powder channel is CO₂Or an inert gas.

5. The multi-raw material staged-feed gasification furnace according to claim 1, wherein a refractory material layer is provided on the inner wall of the second reaction chamber (II).

6. The gasification furnace with multi-raw material graded feeding according to claim 1, wherein the slurry burners (5) are horizontally fixed at the throat between the first reaction chamber (I) and the second reaction chamber (II), the number of the slurry burners (5) is more than or equal to 2, the slurry sprayed by the slurry burners (5) is prepared by pulping coal slurry or solid waste, and the water used for the pulping is waste water containing organic matters.

7. The gasification furnace with multi-raw material staged feeding according to claim 1, wherein the fuel introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner (3) is diesel or fuel gas, and the combustion improver introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner (3) is oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or air.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy chemical industry, and relates to a gasification furnace for multi-raw material graded feeding.

Background

The reduction, harmless and resource treatment of solid waste and waste liquid is an important subject facing the whole society at present, and particularly, the treatment of the solid waste and the waste liquid containing toxic and harmful substances is difficult and the treatment cost is high. Currently, the disposal methods for the characteristics of waste include incineration, landfill, fermentation and other treatment methods. The land filling and fermentation not only occupies large area, but also can cause secondary pollution to soil, water and atmosphere; incineration can effectively realize waste reduction, but incineration releases a large amount of harmful dioxin. In addition, some solid wastes and waste liquid have low heat value and are difficult to incinerate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-raw-material graded feeding gasification furnace, which can realize resource utilization of solid waste and waste liquid, has low oxygen consumption and can avoid generation of dioxin.

In order to achieve the aim, the gasification furnace with multi-raw-material graded feeding comprises an ignition start-up integrated burner, a slurry burner, a gasification furnace shell, a water-cooled wall, a pass partition plate, a descending cylinder and a slag pool, wherein the water-cooled wall, the pass partition plate, the descending cylinder and the slag pool are arranged in the gasification furnace shell;

the device comprises a water-cooled wall, a pass partition plate, a descending cylinder and a slag pool which are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, an ignition and start-up integrated burner is inserted into the water-cooled wall from the top of the water-cooled wall, a slurry burner is inserted into the water-cooled wall from the middle of the side surface of the water-cooled wall, a through hole is formed in the middle of the pass partition plate, a bottom outlet of the water-cooled wall is communicated with a top inlet of the descending cylinder through the through hole, a bottom outlet of the descending cylinder is inserted into the slag pool, wherein the water-cooled wall above the slurry burner forms a first reaction chamber, the water-cooled wall below the slurry burner forms a second reaction chamber, a quenching tank is formed below the pass partition plate, and each powder burner is;

a chilling ring is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder, wherein the chilling ring is communicated with a chilling water interface;

the side surface of the gasification furnace shell is provided with a synthesis gas outlet, a water cooling wall water feeding port and a water cooling wall water discharging port, wherein the synthesis gas outlet is over against the descending cylinder, the bottom inlet of the water cooling wall is communicated with the water cooling wall water feeding port, and the top outlet of the water cooling wall is communicated with the water cooling wall water discharging port.

The bottom of the slag pool is provided with a slag discharge port.

A plurality of bubble breakers are arranged between the descending cylinder and the inner wall of the gasification furnace shell, wherein each bubble breaker is positioned below the synthetic gas outlet, and the bubble breakers are sequentially distributed from top to bottom.

Each powder nozzle is distributed in turn along the circumferential direction, each powder nozzle is provided with a powder channel and an oxygen channel, the powder introduced into the powder channel is powder made of coal powder or solid waste, and the powder conveying medium introduced into the powder channel is CO₂Or an inert gas.

And a refractory material layer is arranged on the inner wall of the second reaction chamber.

The slurry nozzles are horizontally fixed at the throat part between the first reaction chamber and the second reaction chamber, the number of the slurry nozzles is more than or equal to 2, slurry sprayed by the slurry nozzles is coal slurry or solid waste slurry, and water used for slurry is wastewater containing organic matters.

The fuel introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner is diesel oil or fuel gas, and the combustion improver introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner is oxygen, oxygen-enriched air or air.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

the gasification furnace with multi-raw material graded feeding of the invention is operated in a specific way, the solid waste is pulverized, the waste liquid is pulped, when in operation, the gasification furnace adopts a two-stage feeding mode, the prepared dry powder and oxygen are firstly subjected to gasification reaction in a first reaction chamber to generate high-temperature synthetic gas, the high-temperature synthetic gas descends to an inlet of a second reaction chamber, at the moment, slurry and a small amount of oxygen are sprayed into the second reaction chamber, moisture in the slurry is rapidly evaporated through sensible heat of the high-temperature synthetic gas, the oxygen consumption in the gasification process in the second reaction chamber is effectively reduced, meanwhile, the slurry, the oxygen and water vapor are subjected to gasification reaction in the second reaction chamber, the synthetic gas generated by the gasification reaction descends to a chilling tank to be rapidly chilled, so that the generation condition of dioxin is thoroughly avoided, the condensed ash slag is discharged from a slag discharge port, and the cooled synthetic gas is discharged through a synthetic gas outlet, the method realizes the resource utilization of the solid waste and the waste liquid, and provides an effective way for the resource, harmlessness and reduction of the solid waste and the waste liquid.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the present invention.

The gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace shell 1, a water-cooled wall 2, an ignition and start-up integrated burner 3, a powder burner 4, a slurry burner 5, a split-range partition plate 6, a chilling ring 7, a chilling water interface 8, a descending cylinder 9, a bubble breaker 10, a slag discharge port 11, a synthesis gas outlet 12, a water-cooled wall water supply port 13, a water-cooled wall water discharge port 14, a first reaction chamber I, a second reaction chamber II and a chilling tank III.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

referring to fig. 1, the gasification furnace with multi-raw material staged feeding of the invention comprises an ignition start-up integrated burner 3, a slurry burner 5, a gasification furnace shell 1, a water wall 2 arranged in the gasification furnace shell 1, a pass partition plate 6, a descending cylinder 9 and a slag bath; the ignition and start-up integrated burner is characterized in that a water wall 2, a pass partition plate 6, a descending cylinder 9 and a slag bath are sequentially distributed from top to bottom, an ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is inserted into the water wall 2 from the top of the water wall 2, a slurry burner 5 is inserted into the water wall 2 from the middle of the side surface of the water wall 2, a through hole is formed in the middle of the pass partition plate 6, a bottom outlet of the water wall 2 is communicated with a top inlet of the descending cylinder 9 through the through hole, a bottom outlet of the descending cylinder 9 is inserted into the slag bath, wherein the water wall 2 above the slurry burner 5 forms a first reaction chamber I, the water wall 2 below the slurry burner 5 forms a second reaction chamber II, a quench tank III is formed below the pass partition plate 6, and each powder burner 4 is inserted into the first reaction chamber I; a chilling ring 7 is arranged on the inner wall of the top of the descending cylinder 9, wherein the chilling ring 7 is communicated with a chilling water interface 8; the side surface of the gasification furnace shell 1 is provided with a synthesis gas outlet 12, a water wall water feeding port 13 and a water wall water discharging port 14, wherein the synthesis gas outlet 12 is over against the descending cylinder 9, the bottom inlet of the water wall 2 is communicated with the water wall water feeding port 13, the top outlet of the water wall 2 is communicated with the water wall water discharging port 14, and the bottom of the slag pool is provided with a slag discharging port 11.

It should be noted that a plurality of bubble breakers 10 are arranged between the descending cylinder 9 and the inner wall of the gasification furnace shell 1, wherein each bubble breaker 10 is located below the syngas outlet 12, and each bubble breaker 10 is distributed in sequence from top to bottom; and a refractory material layer is arranged on the inner wall of the second reaction chamber II.

Specifically, each powder burner 4 is distributed along the circumferential direction in sequence, each powder burner 4 is provided with a powder channel and an oxygen channel, the powder introduced into the powder channel is powder made of coal powder or solid waste, and the powder conveying medium introduced into the powder channel is CO₂Or an inert gas.

The slurry nozzles 5 are horizontally fixed at the throat part between the first reaction chamber I and the second reaction chamber II, the number of the slurry nozzles 5 is more than or equal to 2, slurry sprayed by the slurry nozzles 5 is coal slurry or solid waste slurry, wherein the water used for the slurry is wastewater containing organic matters; the fuel introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is diesel oil or fuel gas, and the combustion improver introduced into the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is oxygen, oxygen-enriched oxygen or air.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

the main working principles of the invention comprise a high-temperature gasification principle of powder carbon-containing organic matters, a slurry pre-evaporation gasification principle and a principle of avoiding dioxin in the waste gasification process.

The gasification of the slurry is similar to the high-temperature gasification of the powder of the carbon-containing organic matter, but the slurry usually contains about 40 percent of water, so that the oxygen consumption is high and the gasification efficiency is low in the gasification process. The pure oxygen gasification reaction temperature of the high-temperature entrained flow is high, and organic molecules with complex structures are broken into CO and H₂The gasified high-temperature synthesis gas is rapidly cooled through water chilling, so that the generation condition of dioxin is thoroughly avoided, and an effective way is provided for the resource utilization, harmlessness and reduction of solid waste and waste liquid.

The specific working process of the invention is as follows:

boiler water enters a water-cooled wall 2 through a water-cooled wall water feeding port 13 to be heated, the heated boiler water is discharged from a water-cooled wall water discharging port 14, an ignition and start-up integrated burner 3 is used for realizing the ignition of a gasification furnace and the temperature and pressure rise of the gasification furnace, after the internal pressure of the gasification furnace rises to a preset pressure, a powder burner 4 and a slurry burner 5 are sequentially put into the gasification furnace and exit from the ignition and start-up integrated burner 3, gasification raw materials and oxygen respectively enter a first reaction chamber I and a second reaction chamber II through the powder burner 4 and the slurry burner 5 to generate gasification reaction, high-temperature synthetic gas generated by the reaction carries molten slag to downwards enter a descending cylinder 9, chilling water enters a chilling ring 7 through a chilling water interface 8, the chilling water is distributed and guided by the chilling ring 7 to form a uniform water film on the inner wall of the descending cylinder 9 to protect the descending cylinder 9, the synthetic gas is contacted with water in a chilling cylinder III for heat exchange, and simultaneously washing most of ash slag, discharging the synthesis gas after chilling from a synthesis gas outlet 12, and in order to avoid false liquid level and water carrying caused by bubbles in the chilling heat exchange process, avoiding a large amount of bubbles generated in the chilling mass transfer process through a bubble breaker 10, and discharging the condensed slag and slag water out of the gasification furnace from a slag discharge port 11.