阅读说明：本技术 一种深孔挤压***形成切割井的控制***方法 (Controlled blasting method for forming cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting ) 是由 何良军 焦满岱 郝显福 高忠 赵文奇 柴衡山 王忠泉 周通 于 2019-08-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于凿岩爆破技术领域,公开了一种深孔挤压爆破形成切割井的控制爆破方法,以解决现有技术中深孔采场切割井施工过程中存在的安全及工作效率低等问题,该方法包括采切工程布置、切割井深孔孔网布置、合理微差间隔时间的确定、装药、爆破网络连接、引爆爆破等技术步骤,本发明通过中深孔凿岩-挤压爆破方法使切割井成井由浅孔凿岩爆破作业循环次数由多次变为一次,有效减少了作业循环次数,大大提高了切割井掘进效率,降低了作业人员劳动强度,有效控制了作业生产成本,有效改善了人员在裸岩井筒条件下的作业环境和安全作业条件,有效保障了作业人员的安全,该切割井施工方法尤其对软弱破碎矿岩条件极差矿山具有较好的广泛使用前景。(The invention belongs to the technical field of rock drilling and blasting, and discloses a controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting, which aims to solve the problems of safety, low working efficiency and the like in the construction process of the cutting well in a medium-deep hole stope in the prior art, and comprises the technical steps of mining and cutting engineering arrangement, cutting well deep hole mesh arrangement, determination of reasonable differential interval time, charging, blasting network connection, detonation blasting and the like. The construction method of the cutting well has a good wide application prospect especially for the mine with extremely poor soft broken rock conditions.)

1. A controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) arranging a cutting engineering: according to the structure parameters of the defined stope and the occurrence state of ore body space, a cutting roadway (1) and a cutting well (2) are arranged in the ore body close to the upper plate, and the cutting well (2) is arranged at the end part of the cutting roadway (1);

2) arranging deep holes and meshes of a cutting well: arranging a vertical hole as an extrusion blasting compensation hole (3) at the center of the cutting well (2), arranging a first row of extrusion row deep holes (4), a second row of extrusion row deep holes (5) and a third row of extrusion row deep holes (6) by taking the center of the cutting well (2) as the concentric circle center of a hole arrangement on the section of the cutting well, arranging collapse auxiliary holes (7) at four vertex angles of the cutting well (2), wherein the collapse auxiliary holes (7), the first row of extrusion row deep holes (4), the second row of extrusion row deep holes (5) and the third row of extrusion row deep holes (6) are vertical deep holes;

3) determination of reasonable differential interval time: reasonable differential interval time between the first row of deep extrusion rows (4) and the second row of deep extrusion rows (5), between the second row of deep extrusion rows (5) and the third row of deep extrusion rows (6) is 20-45ms, and reasonable differential interval time between the third row of deep extrusion rows (6) and the collapse auxiliary holes (7) is 60-120 ms;

4) charging: the compensation holes (3) are used as extrusion blasting compensation holes to be not charged with powder, the first row of extrusion row deep holes (4), the second row of extrusion row deep holes (5), the third row of extrusion row deep holes (6) and the collapse auxiliary holes (7) are charged with powder, the non-charging length of the orifice of the first row of extrusion row deep holes (4) is 0.5-0.8m, the non-charging length of the orifice of the second row of extrusion row deep holes (5), the third row of extrusion row deep holes (6) and the collapse auxiliary holes (7) is 0.8-1.2m, and the orifice is blocked by stemming;

5) and (3) blasting network connection: the blasting network adopts a millisecond differential parallel blasting network, and deep hole charging is respectively carried out according to the charging requirements in the step 4) according to the corresponding millisecond delay detonator section determined by each extrusion row; in the deep hole, a hole bottom reverse initiation method is adopted as an initiation mode, in order to prevent explosion rejection, a pilot cable is laid in the whole hole in the explosive charging hole, an initiating explosive package is arranged at the hole bottom, an energy-collecting cavity of an initiating detonator is inserted backwards on the initiating explosive package towards an orifice, the pilot cable is bound on the initiating explosive package, the length of the pilot cable is 0.5-1.0m longer than that of the long explosive charging deep hole, a pin wire of the initiating detonator is 3.0-5.0m longer than that of the long explosive charging deep hole, a detonator pin wire harness of the initiating detonator exposed out of the deep hole is bound with an electric detonator ignited outside the hole, and the connection of the whole blasting network is finished;

6) the blasting network is detonated, ventilation is carried out on a stope after blasting is finished, the well forming section of the cutting well (2) is 1.5 multiplied by 1.5-2.2 multiplied by 2.2m after ore removal by a scraper, and the well depth of the cutting well (2) is 11.5-15.5.

2. The controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the diameter of the compensation hole (3) in the step 2) is 140mm, and the hole depth of the compensation hole (3) is 12.0-15.0 m.

3. The controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the deep holes of the first row of deep extrusion rows (4), the second row of deep extrusion rows (5) and the third row of deep extrusion rows (6) are all arranged on concentric circular arcs with the center of the cutting well as the center of the circle, the height of the chamber section is 12.0-15.0m, the depth of all the deep holes is equal to the height of the chamber section, and the diameter of the deep hole is 60 mm; the distance between the inner holes of the first row of deep extrusion rows (4) is 200-fold 250mm, and the distance between the inner holes of the second row of deep extrusion rows (5) and the inner holes of the third row of deep extrusion rows (6) is 400-fold 450 mm; the hole distance between the deep hole of the first row of extrusion row deep holes (4) and the compensation hole (3) is 250-plus-300 mm, the row distance between the first row of extrusion row deep holes (4) and the second row of extrusion row deep holes (5) and the row distance between the second row of extrusion row deep holes (5) and the third row of extrusion row deep holes (6) is 300-plus-350 mm, and the front and rear row of extrusion row blast holes are arranged according to a quincunx pattern.

4. A blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: in the step 2), the vertical distances between the auxiliary caving holes (7) and the side lines on the two sides of the cutting well are both 100-150mm, the aperture of each auxiliary caving hole (7) is 60mm, and the depth of each auxiliary caving hole (7) is equal to the height of the chamber subsection.

5. The controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: in the step 4), the explosive is powdery ammonium nitrate explosive, and the explosive is a BQ-50 type explosive loader.

6. The blasting method for forming the cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: the charge coefficient of the blast hole in the step 4): 0.8-0.9, and the unit consumption of the explosive is 2.3-2.6 kg/t.

7. The blasting method for forming the cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and 6) detonating the blasting network by the blasting network in the step 6) through an electric detonator.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of rock drilling and blasting, in particular to a blasting control method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting.

Background

At present, in the mine adopting medium-length hole blasting and stoping, a stope sublevel chamber is generally provided with a vertical cutting well with a square column shape of 1.5-2.0m to compensate the free compensation space of caving ore rocks in the stope groove drawing process. The sectional height of the medium-length hole blasting stope is generally 12-15m, and the height of the cutting well is consistent with the height of the sectional chamber and is 12-15 m. The construction process of the cutting well generally adopts a handheld rock drill to drill holes and manually load 2# rock explosive for blasting. The process is mainly characterized in that the tunneling depth is about 2.0m per working cycle, a manual working platform needs to be erected per working cycle along with the extension of the height of a cutting well, the process is complex and low in efficiency, and workers mostly work in an open well environment, pumice on the wall and the top of a well poses great safety threat to the workers, and particularly when the workers work in a shaft with weak and broken ore rocks and poor stability, the accidents of people injury such as collapse, roof collapse and the like are more likely to happen; meanwhile, due to the poor ventilation condition of the shaft, safety accidents such as falling of operating personnel and gun smoke poisoning often occur, and no effective safety control measures exist in the construction process of the cutting well at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problems of low safety and operation efficiency and the like in the construction process of the cutting well of the medium-deep hole stope in the prior art, and provides a safe and efficient controlled blasting method for forming the cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a controlled blasting method for forming a cutting well by deep hole extrusion blasting comprises the following steps:

1) arranging a cutting engineering: according to the structure parameters of the defined stope and the occurrence state of the ore body space, a cutting lane and a cutting well are arranged in the ore body close to the hanging wall, and the cutting well is arranged at the end part of the cutting lane;

2) arranging deep holes and meshes of a cutting well: arranging a vertical hole at the center of the cutting well as an extrusion blasting compensation hole, respectively arranging a first row of extrusion row deep holes, a second row of extrusion row deep holes and a third row of extrusion row deep holes by taking the center of the cutting well as a concentric circle center of a hole arrangement on the section of the cutting well, arranging collapse auxiliary holes at four top corners of the cutting well, wherein the collapse auxiliary holes, the first row of extrusion row deep holes, the second row of extrusion row deep holes and the third row of extrusion row deep holes are vertical deep holes;

3) determination of reasonable differential interval time: the reasonable differential interval time between the first row of deep holes and the second row of deep holes, between the second row of deep holes and the third row of deep holes is 20-45ms, and the reasonable differential interval time between the third row of deep holes and the collapse auxiliary holes is 60-120 ms;

4) charging: the compensation hole is used as an extrusion blasting compensation hole and is not filled with powder, the first row of extrusion row deep holes, the second row of extrusion row deep holes, the third row of extrusion row deep holes and the collapse auxiliary hole are all filled with powder, the non-filling length of the orifice of the first row of extrusion row deep holes is 0.5-0.8m, the non-filling length of the orifice of the second row of extrusion row deep holes, the third row of extrusion row deep holes and the collapse auxiliary hole is 0.8-1.2m, and the orifice is all blocked by stemming;

5) and (3) blasting network connection: the blasting network adopts a millisecond differential parallel blasting network, and deep hole charging is respectively carried out according to the charging requirements in the step 4) according to the corresponding millisecond delay detonator section determined by each extrusion row; in the deep hole, a hole bottom reverse initiation method is adopted as an initiation mode, in order to prevent explosion rejection, a pilot cable is laid in the whole hole in the explosive charging hole, an initiating explosive package is arranged at the hole bottom, an energy-collecting cavity of an initiating detonator is inserted backwards on the initiating explosive package towards an orifice, the pilot cable is bound on the initiating explosive package, the length of the pilot cable is 0.5-1.0m longer than that of the long explosive charging deep hole, a pin wire of the initiating detonator is 3.0-5.0m longer than that of the long explosive charging deep hole, a detonator pin wire harness of the initiating detonator exposed out of the deep hole is bound with an electric detonator ignited outside the hole, and the connection of the whole blasting network is finished;

6) and (3) detonating the blasting network, ventilating the blasting network through a stope after blasting, and discharging ore by a scraper, wherein the well forming section of the cutting well is 1.5 multiplied by 1.5-2.2 multiplied by 2.2m, and the well depth of the cutting well is 11.5-15.5.

Further, the diameter of the compensation hole in the step 2) is 100-140mm, and the depth of the compensation hole is 12.0-15.0 m.

Further, in the step 2), the deep holes of the first row of deep extrusion rows, the second row of deep extrusion rows and the third row of deep extrusion rows are all arranged on concentric circular arcs taking the center of the cutting well as the center of a circle, the height of the chamber section is 12.0-15.0m, the depth of all the deep holes is equal to the height of the chamber section, and the diameter of the deep hole is 60 mm; the distance between the inner holes of the deep hole rows of the first row of extrusion rows is 200-plus 250mm, and the distance between the inner holes of the deep hole rows of the second row of extrusion rows and the inner holes of the deep hole rows of the third row of extrusion rows is 400-plus 450 mm; the hole interval between the deep hole of the first row of extrusion row deep holes and the compensation hole is 250-plus-300 mm, the row interval between the first row of extrusion row deep holes and the second row of extrusion row deep holes and the row interval between the second row of extrusion row deep holes and the third row of extrusion row deep holes is 300-plus-350 mm, and the front row of extrusion row blast holes and the rear row of extrusion blast holes are arranged according to a quincunx pattern.

Further, in the step 2), the vertical distances between the caving auxiliary hole and the side lines on the two sides of the cutting well are both 100-150mm, the aperture of the caving auxiliary hole is 60mm, and the depth of the caving auxiliary hole is equal to the height of the chamber subsection.

Further, in the step 4), the explosive is powdery ammonium nitrate explosive, and the explosive is a BQ-50 type explosive loader.

Further, the charge coefficient of the blast hole in the step 4): 0.8-0.9, and the unit consumption of the explosive is 2.3-2.6 kg/t.

Further, the blasting network in the step 6) detonates an electric detonator through an electric detonator to detonate the blasting network.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the method has the advantages that the well is formed by cutting the well once, the traditional shallow hole construction process method of the cutting well is replaced by the medium-length hole drilling-extrusion blasting method, the circulation frequency of the shallow hole drilling blasting operation of the well forming of the cutting well is changed from multiple times to one time, the operation circulation frequency is effectively reduced, the tunneling efficiency of the cutting well is greatly improved, the labor intensity of operators is reduced, and the operation production cost is effectively controlled.

(2) According to the invention, through the improvement of the technical method from shallow hole rock drilling blasting to medium-length hole rock drilling blasting of the cutting well, links such as pumice cleaning of an operating surface of an open well, construction of a working platform and the like in the operation process of the existing cutting well shallow hole construction method are avoided, the operating environment and safe operating conditions of personnel under the condition of an open rock shaft are effectively improved, the safety of the operating personnel is effectively ensured, the problem of difficult ventilation of the operating surface is effectively solved, and safety accidents such as personnel falling into the well and gun smoke poisoning are avoided.

(3) The invention effectively explores a short shaft construction method through the successful application of the deep hole rock drilling-extrusion blasting advanced technology, and particularly has better wide application prospect on the mine with extremely poor soft broken rock conditions.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a stope structure and cutting process layout diagram of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the arrangement of the hole patterns of the cutting well section according to the present invention.

The reference numerals have the following meanings: 1. cutting a roadway; 2. cutting a well; 3. a compensation hole; 4. a first row of deep holes are extruded; 5. a second row of deep holes is extruded; 6. a third row of deep holes is extruded; 7. collapse of the auxiliary hole.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described with reference to the following figures and detailed description.

The ore body between 65 and 71 exploration lines at the middle section of 850m of a certain mine is controlled by geological structure, joints and cracks develop extremely, and ore rocks are broken. In addition, after the mine is mined for many years and is influenced by a mining goaf of a resident, the regional ground stress is redistributed and superposed for many times to further damage the ore rock, so that the ore rock is extremely broken. In the construction process of a roadway and a cutting well, surrounding rocks are frequently collapsed and fallen, and great threat is brought to the safety of operators. In order to ensure the safety of operators and the construction quality, the ore body in the area is successfully stoped by adopting a deep-hole extrusion blasting cutting well completion method. The method comprises the following specific steps:

1) arranging a cutting engineering: as shown in fig. 1, according to stope structure parameters (general chamber section height 12-15 m) and ore body space occurrence state, a cutting lane 1 and a cutting well 2 are arranged in the upper ore body, and the cutting well 2 is arranged at the end of the cutting lane 1.

2) Arranging deep holes and meshes of a cutting well: as shown in FIG. 2, a vertical hole is arranged at the center of the cutting well 2 as a compensation hole 3, and the hole of the compensation hole 3 passes through phi 100 and 140 mm; taking the center of the cutting well 2 as the concentric circle center of a hole distribution reference of the cutting well section, outwards respectively arranging a first row of deep extrusion rows 4, a second row of deep extrusion rows 5 and a third row of deep extrusion rows 6, and arranging collapse auxiliary holes 7 at four vertex angles of the cutting well 2; the hole diameters of the deep holes 4, 5 and 6 and the auxiliary collapse holes 7 in the first row of extrusion rows, the second row of extrusion rows and the third row of extrusion rows are phi 60mm, and the hole depths of the deep holes 4, 5 and 6 and the auxiliary collapse holes 7 in the first row of extrusion rows, the second row of extrusion rows and the third row of extrusion rows are as long as the subsection height (12.0-15.0 m) of the chamber. The hole distance (extrusion layer thickness) between the first row of extrusion row deep holes 4 and the compensation holes 3 is 250-; the hole distance in the first row of extrusion row deep holes 4 is 200-ion 250mm, the hole distance in the second row of extrusion row deep holes 5 and the third row of extrusion row deep holes 6 is 400-ion 450mm, the extrusion row blast holes are arranged in a quincunx manner (as shown in figure 2), the side line vertical distance between the collapse auxiliary hole 7 and the two sides of the cutting well 2 is 100-ion 150mm, and all the deep holes are vertical holes. The parameters of the finally formed mesh are as follows: the distance between 4 rows of inner holes of the first row of extrusion row deep holes is 200-300 mm, and the thickness of the extrusion layer is 250-300 mm; the distance between the second row of deep extrusion rows and the third row of deep extrusion rows is 400-450mm, the distance between the first row of deep extrusion rows and the third row of deep extrusion rows and the distance between the second row of deep extrusion rows and the third row of deep extrusion rows and the deep cutting wells is 300-350mm, and the side line vertical distance between the collapse auxiliary holes 7 and the cutting wells 2 is 100-150 mm.

3) Determination of reasonable differential interval time: according to the blasting rock mass breaking mechanism and an empirical formula of the reasonable millisecond delay interval time between rows, through the summary of multiple on-site production practices, the reasonable millisecond interval time between the first row of deep extrusion rows 4 and the second row of deep extrusion rows 5, between the second row of deep extrusion rows 5 and the third row of deep extrusion rows 6 is 20-45ms, and the reasonable millisecond interval time between the third row of deep extrusion rows 6 and the collapse assisting holes 7 is 60-120 ms. In practice, the same-section number of millisecond delay detonator detonators are adopted in the same-row deep holes, and the millisecond delay detonator detonators adopted in different-row deep holes are determined according to the determined reasonable delay interval time and the delay time difference value of the different-section millisecond delay detonator.

Combining different-section millimeter delay detonator delay time adopted by a mine, fully crushing blasting rocks to prevent large blocks from being blocked in order to enable extrusion blasting to achieve an ideal expected effect, and summarizing through multiple on-site production practices according to a blasting rock crushing mechanism and an inter-row millisecond reasonable differential delay interval time empirical formula, wherein 4 sections of millimeter detonator are selected for the first row of extrusion row deep holes 4; the second row of deep holes 5 is formed by selecting 5-section millimeter detonating tube detonators; the third row of extrusion deep holes 6 adopt 6-section millimeter detonating tube detonators, and the collapse auxiliary holes 7 adopt 8-section millimeter millisecond detonating tube detonators. Therefore, the reasonable delay interval time between the first row of deep holes 4 and the second row of deep holes 5 is 35 ms; the reasonable delay interval time between the second row of deep holes 5 and the third row of deep holes 6 is 40ms, and the reasonable delay interval time between the third row of deep holes 6 and the collapse assisting holes 7 is 100 ms. The requirement of reasonable differential delay interval time among extrusion blasting rows is met.

4) Charging: the compensation hole 3 is used as an extrusion blasting compensation hole and does not charge, and the rest deep holes are charged. The explosive is powdery ammonium nitrate explosive, the BQ-50 explosive charger charges the explosive, and the initiating explosive is columnar No. 2 rock ammonium nitrate explosive. Before charging, the deep holes are cleaned by high-pressure air pipes to prevent blast holes from being blocked. When a single deep hole is charged, a charging rod (a wood or hard plastic tube) is adopted to charge two 2# rock ammonium nitrate explosive cartridges at the bottom of the hole, each cartridge is about 200mm long, a millisecond delay detonating tube detonator (a detonator energy accumulation hole super-directional orifice) with a 15-20m pin wire is inserted before the second cartridge is charged, 1 detonating and binding a detonating cord with the length of 12.5-15.5m are carried out, after the cartridges are fixed, the outward leakage length of the detonating cord is about 0.5m, and the outward leakage length of the millisecond delay detonating tube detonator pin wire is about 3-5 m. Then, a BQ-50 explosive loading device is used for loading explosive, the length of the non-explosive loading at the deep hole orifice of the first row of extrusion row deep holes 4 is 0.5-0.8m, the length of the non-explosive loading at the deep hole orifice of the second row of extrusion row deep holes 5, the length of the non-explosive loading at the deep hole orifice of the third row of extrusion row deep holes 6 and the length of the non-explosive loading at the deep hole orifice of the collapse auxiliary hole 7 are 0.8-1.2m, and.

5) And (3) blasting network connection: the blasting network adopts a millisecond differential parallel blasting network. According to the determined difference of the extrusion row millisecond delay detonator sections, the first extrusion row deep hole 4 adopts 4-section millimeter detonator, the second extrusion row deep hole 5 adopts 5-section millimeter detonator, the third extrusion row deep hole 6 adopts 6-section millimeter detonator, and the collapse auxiliary hole 7 adopts 8-section meter millisecond detonator. Loading according to a hole bottom reverse initiation mode in a hole, laying a pilot cable in the whole hole, loading an initiating explosive package at the hole bottom, reversely inserting an energy-gathering hole of an initiating detonator on the initiating explosive package towards an orifice, binding the pilot cable on the initiating explosive package, enabling the length of the pilot cable to be 0.5-1.0m longer than that of a deep hole in the long-length loading manner, enabling a pin wire of the initiating detonator to exceed 3.0-5.0m of the length of the deep hole in the row, binding the pin wire harness exposed out of the deep hole with an electric detonator detonated outside the hole together, and finishing the connection of the whole blasting network.

And binding the foot wire of the detonator of the detonating tube leaking out of each deep hole and the electric detonator 1 after the deep hole is charged according to the technical parameters and the scheme requirements, and thus, completing the connection of charging and blasting networks. In order to ensure the network connection is complete, 2 persons need to check the network respectively, and after the check is correct, the electronic detonator detonates the blasting network.

After blasting is finished, stope ventilation is carried out, ore removal is carried out by a scraper, the section of the cutting well is 1.5 x 1.5-2.2 x 2.2m, and the well depth is 11.5-12.5. The well forming condition is ideal, and the purpose of cutting the pull groove in the next step is completely achieved.