阅读说明：本技术 一种保持土壤水分的方法 (Method for keeping soil moisture ) 是由 袁念念 李亚龙 黄志强 刘凤丽 罗文兵 熊玉江 付浩龙 于 2019-10-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于土壤营养技术领域,公开了一种保持土壤水分的方法,包括：选取试验站,划分区域；选定作物,明确品系、生育期；对排水水位进行控制,分别为：30cm、50cm、80cm和100cm；选定6个深度范围的土层,采用烘干法测定含水率；采用浮标尺观测地下水位。本发明可用控制排水措施能明显改变土壤含水率；控制排水措施在降雨后能较好地保留田间水分,减少降雨后土壤含水率的波动,使土壤不致于过干或过湿；减少土壤含水率的波动,尤其在降雨后保持田间水分的效果更为明显。本发明具有绿色环保、无污染,无残留,成本低、操作简单易懂,省时省力等特点。(The invention belongs to the technical field of soil nutrition, and discloses a method for keeping soil moisture, which comprises the following steps: selecting a test station and dividing the test station into areas; selecting crops, and defining strain and growth period; controlling the drainage water level, which respectively comprises the following steps: 30cm, 50cm, 80cm and 100 cm; selecting soil layers with 6 depth ranges, and measuring the water content by adopting a drying method; the water level is observed using a float scale. The invention can obviously change the water content of the soil by using a drainage control measure; the drainage control measures can better keep the field moisture after rainfall, reduce the fluctuation of the soil moisture content after rainfall and prevent the soil from being too dry or too wet; the fluctuation of the water content of the soil is reduced, and the effect of keeping the field moisture after rainfall is more obvious. The invention has the characteristics of environmental protection, no pollution, no residue, low cost, simple and understandable operation, time saving, labor saving and the like.)

1. A method for maintaining soil moisture, said method comprising:

selecting a test station and dividing the test station into areas;

selecting crops, and determining strains and growth period;

step three, controlling the water level of the drained water, wherein different water levels are adopted, namely 30cm, 50cm, 80cm and 100 cm;

selecting soil layers with 6 depths, and measuring the water content by adopting a drying method; the water level is observed using a float scale.

2. The method of maintaining soil moisture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said area is divided into 5 zones, A, B, C, D and E wherein zone E acts as a buffer zone to reduce the effect of irrigation canals on the ground water level of the test zone.

3. The method of preserving soil moisture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said fertility stage is divided into 4 different fertility stages using the same controlled water level, 30cm, 50cm, 80cm, 100 cm.

4. The method for maintaining soil moisture according to claim 3, wherein the same water level is controlled at 4 different growth stages of the crop growth period, 30cm is 30 (seedling stage) -40 (bud stage) -40 (boll stage) -30cm (boll stage), 50cm is 50 (seedling stage) -60 (bud stage) -60 (boll stage) -50cm (boll stage), 80cm is 80-80-80cm, and 100cm is 100 (seedling stage) -100 (bud stage) -100 (boll stage) -100cm (boll stage); according to the actual drainage conditions and the groundwater level in the test area, 100cm is defined as a free drainage measure; wherein, the control water level refers to the underground water level when the field is controlled to drain, and is expressed by the depth from the ground surface.

5. The method of maintaining soil moisture as claimed in claim 1 wherein said 6 depths of soil layer are subdivided into 6 ranges: the surface layer is 5-20 cm, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm and 80-100 cm below the ground.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil nutrition, and particularly relates to a method for keeping soil moisture.

Background

Currently, methods commonly used in the industry to maintain soil moisture include mulching; applying a soil water-retaining agent; using organic fertilizer; peat is applied. Although the method has good effect of maintaining soil moisture, the mulching film is easy to cause white pollution; the water-retaining agent has high economic cost and influences on soil nutrients; the preparation process of the organic fertilizer is complicated, time-consuming and labor-consuming; peat is selected, determined to be available, transported and applied, the working procedure is complicated, the time consumption is long, the labor is wasted, and great inconvenience is brought to a user.

In summary, the problems of the prior art are as follows:

(1) the mulching film is easy to cause white pollution.

(2) The water-retaining agent has high economic cost and influences soil nutrients.

(3) The preparation process of the organic fertilizer is complicated, time-consuming and labor-consuming.

(4) The peat procedure is tedious, takes long time and is laborious.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method for keeping soil moisture, which is simple, convenient and feasible and can be adjusted according to the water requirement of crops,

the invention is realized by the following steps:

selecting a test station and dividing the test station into areas;

selecting crops, and determining strains and growth period;

step three, controlling the water level of the drained water, and setting the water level to be 30cm, 50cm, 80cm and 100 cm;

selecting soil layers within 6 depth ranges within the depth of the crop root system, and sampling to determine the water content by adopting a drying method; and meanwhile, the floating staff is adopted to observe the underground water level to check the control effect.

Furthermore, the area is divided into 5 cells A, B, C, D and E for comparison test, wherein the E cell is used as a buffer zone to reduce the influence of the irrigation ditch on the underground water level of the test area;

furthermore, the same water level is controlled in 4 different growth stages of the crop growth period, 30cm is 30 (seedling stage) -40 (bud stage) -40 (boll stage) -30cm (boll stage), 50cm is 50 (seedling stage) -60 (bud stage) -60 (boll stage) -50cm (boll stage), 80cm is 80-80-80cm, and 100cm is 100 (seedling stage) -100 (bud stage) -100 (boll stage) -100cm (boll stage). According to the actual drainage conditions and groundwater level in the test area, 100cm is defined as a free drainage measure. Wherein, the control water level refers to the underground water level when the field is controlled to drain, and is expressed by the depth from the ground surface, for example, the control water level of 30cm refers to the time when the underground water level reaches 30cm below the ground surface to start draining.

Further, the selected soil layer is subdivided into 6 depth ranges: the surface layer (0-5 cm below the ground), 5-20 cm below the ground, 20-40 cm, 40-60 cm, 60-80 cm, 80-100 cm below the ground.

In summary, the advantages and positive effects of the invention are:

(1) the water content of the soil is obviously changed by controlling a drainage measure; (2) the variation coefficient of the water content of each treatment surface layer is the largest, and the variation of the soil water content below the free drainage treatment surface layer is larger than that of the controlled drainage treatment; (3) the drainage control measures can better keep the field moisture after rainfall, reduce the fluctuation of the soil moisture content after rainfall and prevent the soil from being too dry or too wet.

The method for keeping soil moisture provided by the invention has the advantages of environmental protection, no pollution, no residue, low cost, simple and understandable operation, time saving and labor saving.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a method for maintaining soil moisture according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of a test cell layout provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the variation of soil moisture content in different soil layers during the cotton growth period provided by the embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of an analysis of water cut before and after a typical rainfall according to an embodiment of the present invention.

In the figure: (a) the water content of the surface soil; (b) soil moisture content of a soil layer of 20 cm; (c) soil moisture content of a soil layer of 40 cm; (d) soil moisture content of 60cm soil layer; (e) soil moisture content of 80cm soil layer; (f) and the soil moisture content of a 100cm soil layer.

Fig. 5 is a test pit plan layout provided by an embodiment of the present invention.

Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a dry-farming pit-measuring control drainage device according to an embodiment of the invention.

FIG. 7 shows the soil moisture content of 0-100cm soil layers treated by 3 different treatments in the cotton growth period of 2015 provided by the embodiment of the invention;

in the figure: (a) treating the surface soil moisture content; (b) treating soil in a soil layer of 5-20 cm in depth to obtain water; (c) treating soil moisture content of soil layers of 20-40 cm; (d) treating soil moisture content of soil layers of 40-60 cm; (e) treating soil moisture content of soil layers of 60-80 cm; (f) and treating the soil moisture content of the soil layers of 80-100 cm.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following examples. It should be understood that the specific examples described herein are intended to be illustrative only and are not intended to be limiting.

The invention is explained in further detail below with reference to the drawings;

as shown in figure 1, the method for maintaining soil moisture provided by the invention comprises the following steps:

s101: selecting a test station and dividing the test station into areas;

s102: selecting crops, and defining strain and growth period;

s103: controlling the drainage water level by adopting different water levels of 30cm, 50cm, 80cm and 100 cm;

s104: selecting soil layers with 6 depths, and measuring the water content by adopting a drying method; the water level is observed using a float scale.

In the step S101, the area provided by the invention is divided into 5 cells, A, B, C, D and E, wherein the E cell is used as a buffer zone to reduce the influence of the irrigation canal on the underground water level of the test area;

in step S103, the growing period provided by the invention is divided into 4 different growing stages, different control water levels are adopted, 30-40-40-30cm is 30-40-30 cm, 50cm is 50-60-60-50cm, 80cm is 80-80-80cm, and 100cm is 100-one.

In step S103, the same water level is controlled at 4 different growth stages of the crop provided by the invention, 30cm is 30 (seedling stage) -40 (bud stage) -40 (flower-bell stage) -30cm (boll opening stage), 50cm is 50 (seedling stage) -60 (bud stage) -60 (flower-bell stage) -50cm (boll opening stage), 80cm is 80-80-80cm, and 100cm is 100 (seedling stage) -100 (bud stage) -100 (flower-bell stage) -100cm (boll opening stage). According to the actual drainage conditions and groundwater level in the test area, 100cm is defined as a free drainage measure. Wherein, the control water level refers to the underground water level when the field is controlled to drain, and is expressed by the depth from the ground surface, for example, the control water level of 30cm refers to the time when the underground water level reaches 30cm below the ground surface to start draining.

In step S104, the soil layers of 6 depths provided by the present invention are subdivided into: surface layer, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100cm below the ground.

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples;