Wind power generation plant
阅读说明:本技术 风力发电设备 (Wind power generation plant ) 是由 G·哈格尔 J·S·赫茨尔 于 2018-05-23 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明涉及一种风力发电设备传动装置(8)、尤其是行星齿轮传动装置,包括至少一个支承在轴(15)上的齿轮(12),为此,在所述齿轮(12)与轴(15)之间设有滑动层(20),所述滑动层通过热喷涂方法直接喷涂在轴(15)上,或者在中间设有至少一个另外的层(21)的情况下喷涂到所述另外的层(21)上。(The invention relates to a wind power plant gear (8), in particular a planetary gear, comprising at least one gear wheel (12) mounted on a shaft (15), for which purpose a sliding layer (20) is provided between the gear wheel (12) and the shaft (15), said sliding layer being applied directly to the shaft (15) by means of a thermal spraying method or, with the interposition of at least one further layer (21), to the further layer (21).)
1. A wind power plant gear (8), in particular a planetary gear, comprising at least one gearwheel (12) mounted on a shaft (15), for which purpose a sliding layer (20) is provided between the gearwheel (12) and the shaft (15), characterized in that the sliding layer (20) is sprayed directly on the shaft (15) by a thermal spraying method or, with at least one further layer (21) in between, onto the further layer (21).
2. Wind power plant transmission (8) according to claim 1, characterized in that the sliding layer (20) is made of or comprises a material selected from the group comprising aluminium-based alloys, bismuth-based alloys, silver-based alloys, copper-based alloys.
3. Wind power plant transmission (8) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that a polymer-based running-in layer is provided on the sliding layer (20).
4. Wind power plant transmission (8) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that two sliding layers (20) arranged at a distance from each other in the axial direction are sprayed on the shaft (15) by means of a thermal spraying method.
5. Wind power plant transmission (8) according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that hard particles and/or soft phase particles are incorporated in the sliding layer.
6. Wind power plant transmission (8) according to claim 5, characterized in that the hard particles are selected from the group comprising metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal borides, metal silicides and/or the soft phase particles are selected from the group comprising graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, metal sulfides.
7. A wind power plant (1) having a rotor (5) and a generator (7), wherein a wind power plant gear (8), in particular a planetary gear, is provided between the rotor (5) and the generator (7), which is operatively connected to the rotor (5) and the generator (7), characterized in that the wind power plant gear (8) is constructed according to any one of the preceding claims.
8. Method for producing a shaft (15) for a wind power plant gear (8), in particular a planetary gear, comprising the following steps:
-providing a shaft (15),
-spraying the sliding layer (20) from a spray material by a thermal spraying method directly onto the shaft (15) or onto at least one metallic intermediate layer after application of the intermediate layer.
9. Method according to claim 8, characterized in that a spray material is used which contains hard and/or soft phase particles, wherein the hard and/or soft phase particles remain in solid form during spraying.
10. Method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the spraying of the sliding layer (20) and/or the further metal layer (21) is carried out by a thermal spraying method selected from the group comprising flame spraying, plasma spraying, cold gas spraying, laser spraying.
Technical Field
The invention relates to a wind power plant transmission, in particular a planetary gear transmission, comprising at least one gear wheel mounted on a shaft, for which purpose a sliding layer is provided between the gear wheel and the shaft.
The invention further relates to a wind power plant having a rotor and a generator, wherein a wind power plant gear, in particular a planetary gear, is arranged between the rotor and the generator, which is operatively connected to the rotor and the generator.
The invention further relates to a method for producing a shaft for a wind turbine transmission, in particular a planetary transmission.
Background
A planetary gear of a wind power plant for generating electrical energy is known, for example, from DE10260132a1, for converting a relatively low rotational speed of a rotor of the wind power plant into a higher rotational speed of the rotor of the generator. In planetary gear trains of this type, as is also described in DE10260132a1, rolling bearings are usually used as bearing elements for the planetary gears. The prior art, such as EP 1544504a2 or AT 509624a1, however, also describes the use of plain bearings as bearing elements. As plain bearings, plain bearing bushes are usually used here, which are shrunk onto the shaft or pressed into the planetary gear. Replacement of such sliding bearings in the event of maintenance or wear is costly and therefore cost-intensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The object of the invention is to provide a sliding bearing solution for a wind power plant transmission that is easy to maintain.
The object is achieved by means of the wind turbine transmission mentioned at the outset in that the sliding layer is applied directly to the shaft by thermal spraying or, with at least one further layer interposed, to the intermediate layer.
The object is also achieved by the wind turbine mentioned at the outset, wherein the wind turbine transmission is designed according to the invention.
The object of the invention is also achieved by the initially mentioned method, which comprises the following steps: the shaft is provided and the sliding layer is sprayed from a spray material by a thermal spraying process directly onto the shaft or onto at least one metallic intermediate layer after application of the intermediate layer.
It is advantageous here that the maintenance of the plain bearing can be simplified by the sprayed-on sliding layer, since the plain bearing can thus be accessed by a relatively easy-to-implement removal of the shaft. This can even be done on the tower of the wind power plant, whereby time and thus costs can be saved. Furthermore, the sprayed sliding layer has the advantage over the plain bearing bush that position losses of the plain bearing due to creep and relaxation effects can be avoided. The advantage of the thermal spraying of the sliding layer is that the shaft is not or hardly subjected to thermal loads even during the coating process. In addition, the particles flatten out when they strike the shaft, so that they can be oriented in the direction of the rotational movement of the gear, so that the lubricating layer composition can achieve its lubricating effect better by a path which is longer in the circumferential direction.
According to one embodiment of the wind turbine transmission, it can be provided that the sliding layer is made of a material selected from the group comprising aluminum-based alloys, bismuth-based alloys, silver-based alloys, copper-based alloys, or that the sliding layer comprises said material. In particular, these wear-resistant and tribologically particularly effective materials have proven to be particularly advantageous in compact wind power plant transmissions with high power density and without using load balancing techniques, such as the so-called "flexpin solution". In addition, these alloys are relatively easy to handle by thermal spray methods.
A polymer-based running-in layer can also be provided on the sliding layer in order to thus enable a better adaptation of the running surface of the plain bearing to the mating surface during running-in of the sliding layer, wherein, furthermore, advantageously, this running-in layer also improves the tribological properties of the plain bearing itself. It is advantageous here that the polymer-based running-in layer can be applied by means of a spraying method, i.e. in a method which has a certain similarity to the thermal spraying method. The manufacture of the coated shaft can thus be simplified.
According to a further embodiment of the wind turbine transmission, it can be provided that two sliding layers arranged at a distance from one another in the axial direction are sprayed on the shaft by means of a thermal spraying method. By the spacing between the two sliding layers, a gap is formed between them, which gap can be used for supplying oil via the shaft, so that a better lubrication of the sliding layers can be achieved. It is advantageous here that the recess can be produced simply by means of a thermal spraying process and without machining.
Hard particles and/or soft phase particles may be incorporated in the sliding layer. It is advantageous here that these particles can be handled together simply by means of a thermal spraying process, so that their incorporation into the sliding layer is not a problem, which can constitute a problem, for example, on the basis of liquation in the metallurgy of molten metals. It is advantageous here that the grain size of the sliding layer structure can also be adjusted simply by means of the particles. The coarse grain structure morphology can therefore be easily adjusted, so that diffusion processes along the grain boundaries and thus the associated failure mechanisms, such as grain boundary creep or a reduction in the content of alloying elements, are reduced, as a result of which a longer operation of the plain bearing can be achieved.
The hard particles are preferably selected from the group comprising metal oxides, metal nitrides, metal carbides, metal borides, metal silicides. Hard ceramic particles with a higher melting point are preferably used. The coarsening of the hard particles due to diffusion phenomena can thus be better avoided, whereby the adjustability of certain desired tribological properties of the sliding layer can be improved by means of a thermal spraying method.
The soft phase particles may be selected from the group consisting of graphite, hexagonal boron nitride, metal sulfides, such as MoS2、WS2And so on. It is advantageous here that, in particular, boron nitride is reaction-inert and does not oxidize during spraying. Although graphite is partially burned during spraying, the oxides are not incorporated into the layer, but rather evaporate in gaseous form. The sulfide can also significantly improve the self-lubricating properties of the sliding layer.
According to one embodiment of the method, it can be provided that the hard particles and/or the soft particles remain in solid form during the spraying process. These particles will not melt during the spraying of the sliding layer, so that the risk of unintentional phase changes during spraying can be reduced. In addition, particle size variations of these particles can thus be better avoided. The above-mentioned grain size of the alloy of the sliding layer can be adjusted in a defined manner.
The thermal spraying method may preferably be selected from the group comprising flame spraying, plasma spraying, cold gas spraying, laser spraying, as these methods are relatively easy to implement.
Drawings
For a better understanding of the present invention, it is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures. Here, a highly simplified schematic representation is shown:
fig. 1 shows a wind power plant in a side view;
FIG. 2 shows a wind power plant in the form of a planetary gear set in a side sectional view;
FIG. 3 shows a part of a wind power plant gear in a side sectional view;
fig. 4 shows a detail of an embodiment variant of a wind turbine transmission in a sectional side view.
Detailed Description
It is first pointed out that in different embodiments identical components are provided with the same reference signs or the same component names, wherein the disclosure contained in the entire description can be transferred in a meaningful manner to components having the same reference signs or the same component names. Likewise, the positional references selected in the description, such as above, below, side, etc., relate to the direct description and the figures shown and are to be understood as meaning the new position when the position is changed.
Fig. 1 shows a wind power plant 1. The wind power plant 1 corresponds in principle to the prior art, i.e. it comprises a
Since these components are known in principle from the prior art of wind power plants 1, reference is made in this respect to the relevant documents. It should be noted, however, that the wind power plant 1 is not necessarily limited to the type shown in fig. 1.
Fig. 2 shows a side sectional view of a wind
The wind
Since planetary gear sets of this type are also known in principle from the prior art, they are not described in detail here. It should be noted, however, that not only a single-stage design of the planetary gear set is possible, but also a multi-stage, for example two-stage or three-stage, design is possible.
It should be noted that in the following the singular is used for the
Fig. 3 shows a partial section of the bearing region of the
According to one embodiment variant, it can be provided, if necessary, that at least one
The sliding
The
According to a further embodiment variant, a running-in
In addition, hard particles and/or soft phase particles may be incorporated into the sliding
It should be noted that the hardness of the hard particles is greater than the hardness of the matrix of the sliding
The weight percentage of hard and/or soft phase particles on the sliding
According to another embodiment variant, the mean particle size of the soft-phase particles and/or the hard-phase particles may be between 1 μm and 100 μm, preferably between 5 μm and 20 μm.
Fig. 4 shows a detail of a further embodiment variant of a
For better distribution of the lubricant over at least substantially the entire working surface, the
It should be noted that instead of two sliding
As already mentioned, the sliding
According to one embodiment variant, it can be provided that a spray material is used which contains hard particles and/or soft phase particles, wherein the hard particles and/or soft phase particles remain in solid form during the spraying. For this purpose, a metal alloy is selected which has a lower melting point than the hard and/or soft phase particles.
Before the sliding
Thereafter, the
Spray material in the form of wire or powder may be used.
The spraying of the sliding
After spraying, the sliding
- 上一篇:一种医用注射器针头装配设备
- 下一篇:控制阀及容量可变式压缩机