Protection device for electricity storage element
阅读说明:本技术 蓄电元件的保护装置 (Protection device for electricity storage element ) 是由 今中佑树 于 2018-05-29 设计创作,主要内容包括:本发明提供一种蓄电元件的保护装置,为保护蓄电元件不受过充电、过放电等异常的影响而将开闭器切换为切断状态后,应切换为通电状态时,迅速地切换为通电状态,并抑制用于切换的消耗电流。保护装置具备BMS(40),该BMS(40)具备:开闭器(47),设置在将电池组(30)和电气设备(3)连接的电流路径(41)中;控制部(42),在预测到电池组(30)异常的情况下将开闭器(47)切换为断开;和旁路路径(46),具有仅在对电池组(30)进行充电的方向上流过电流的寄生二极管(49B)及仅在进行放电的方向上流过电流的寄生二极管(50B)的至少一者,并与开闭器(47)并联连接,在旁路路径(46)中,通过流过给定的电流值的电流而利用磁通将开闭器(47)切换为接通的第2励磁线圈(51)与寄生二极管(49B)及寄生二极管(50B)串联连接。(The invention provides a protection device for an electric storage element, which can quickly switch to a conduction state and restrain the current consumption for switching when switching to a conduction state after switching a shutter to a cut-off state to protect the electric storage element from the influence of abnormality such as overcharge and overdischarge. The protection device is provided with a BMS (40), wherein the BMS (40) is provided with: a switch (47) provided in a current path (41) connecting the battery pack (30) and the electrical device (3); a control unit (42) that switches the shutter (47) off when an abnormality in the battery pack (30) is predicted; and a bypass path (46) which has at least one of a parasitic diode (49B) through which current flows only in a direction for charging the battery pack (30) and a parasitic diode (50B) through which current flows only in a direction for discharging, and which is connected in parallel with the shutter (47), wherein in the bypass path (46), a2 nd field coil (51) which switches the shutter (47) on by magnetic flux by flowing current of a predetermined current value is connected in series with the parasitic diode (49B) and the parasitic diode (50B).)
1. A protection device for an electric storage element, comprising:
a switch provided in a current path connecting the electric storage element and an electric device;
a control unit that switches the shutter to a shut-off state when it is predicted that the power storage element is abnormal; and
a bypass path having at least one of a rectifying element through which a current flows only in a direction of charging the electric storage element and a rectifying element through which a current flows only in a direction of discharging the electric storage element, and connected in parallel to the switch,
in the bypass path, an exciting coil that switches the shutter to an energized state by a magnetic flux by flowing a current of a predetermined current value is connected in series with the rectifying element.
2. The protection device of claim 1,
in the bypass path, a1 st parallel circuit and a2 nd parallel circuit are provided in series, the 1 st parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 1 st switch through which current flows only in a direction of charging the electric storage element are connected in parallel, the 2 nd parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 2 nd switch through which current flows only in a direction of discharging the electric storage element are connected in parallel,
when it is predicted that the power storage element is overcharged, the control unit sets the 1 st switch to an energized state and sets the 2 nd switch to a cut-off state.
3. The protection device of claim 1,
in the bypass path, a1 st parallel circuit and a2 nd parallel circuit are provided in series, the 1 st parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 1 st switch through which current flows only in a direction of charging the electric storage element are connected in parallel, the 2 nd parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 2 nd switch through which current flows only in a direction of discharging the electric storage element are connected in parallel,
the control unit turns off the 1 st switch and turns on the 2 nd switch when it is predicted that the power storage element is overdischarged.
4. The protection device of claim 3,
the 2 nd switch is a normally open non-latching switch,
in the bypass path, a latch type auxiliary switch is provided in parallel with the 2 nd switch,
the control unit switches the auxiliary switch to the energized state when the 2 nd switch is switched to the energized state.
Technical Field
Relates to a technique for protecting an electric storage element.
Background
A technique is known that allows charging or discharging while protecting an electric storage element from abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge (for example, see patent document 1). The power storage device described in patent document 1 includes: a plurality of switches provided between the electric device and the power storage element and connected in parallel with each other; and a rectifying element connected in series with any one of the switches. In this power storage device, when it is determined that the power storage element is not normal, the control unit sends a close command signal to a switch connected to the rectifier element, thereby bringing the switch into a closed state (energized state) and bringing the other switches into an open state (cut-off state).
According to this power storage device, for example, when the rectifier element is an element through which a current flows only in a direction in which the power storage element is charged, the power storage element can be charged while being protected from over-discharge. On the other hand, when the rectifying element is an element through which current flows only in a direction in which the power storage element is discharged, it is possible to supply electric power to the electric device while protecting the power storage element from overcharge.
Prior art documents
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese patent laid-open publication No. 2014-217169
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
The power storage device described in patent document 1 described above causes the switch to be in the closed state by software-based control such as transmission of a close command signal from the control unit to the switch. However, when the switch is closed by software control, the current consumption may increase.
Disclosed is a technology which, when switching to an energized state is to be performed after a switch such as a switch is switched to an off state in order to protect an electric storage element from an abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge, can quickly switch to the energized state and suppress current consumption for switching.
Means for solving the problems
A protection device for an electric storage element includes: a switch provided in a current path connecting the electric storage element and an electric device; a control unit that switches the shutter to a shut-off state when it is predicted that the power storage element is abnormal; and a bypass path that has at least one of a rectifier element that flows a current only in a direction of charging the power storage element and a rectifier element that flows a current only in a direction of discharging the power storage element, and that is connected in parallel with the switch, wherein an excitation coil that is connected in series with the rectifier element and that switches the switch to an energized state by a magnetic flux when a current of a predetermined current value flows through the excitation coil is connected in series with the rectifier element.
Effects of the invention
When the switch is switched to the on state after the switch is switched to the off state in order to protect the power storage element from abnormality such as overcharge and overdischarge, the switch is quickly switched to the on state and the consumption current for switching is suppressed.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating an automobile and a battery according to embodiment 1.
Fig. 2 is a perspective view of the battery.
Fig. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the battery.
Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the battery (in the case where no abnormality is predicted).
Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the secondary battery (in case of overcharge predicted: the shutter is opened).
Fig. 6 is a circuit diagram of the battery (case where overcharge is predicted: shutter on).
Fig. 7 is a circuit diagram of the secondary battery (in the case where overdischarge is predicted: the shutter is open).
Fig. 8 is a circuit diagram of the battery (in the case where overdischarge is predicted: the shutter is turned on).
Detailed Description
(outline of the present embodiment)
A protection device for an electric storage element may include: a switch provided in a current path connecting the electric storage element and an electric device; a control unit that switches the shutter to a shut-off state when it is predicted that the power storage element is abnormal; and a bypass path that has at least one of a rectifier element that flows a current only in a direction of charging the power storage element and a rectifier element that flows a current only in a direction of discharging the power storage element, and that is connected in parallel with the switch, wherein an excitation coil is connected in series with the rectifier element, and the excitation coil switches the switch to an energized state by a magnetic flux when a current of a predetermined current value flows.
The rectifier device is configured such that, when an overcurrent flows only in a direction of charging the power storage device, the switch is switched to the off state when overdischarge is predicted, thereby protecting the power storage device from the influence of overdischarge. When the charging device is connected in this state, a charging current flows from the charging device to the power storage element via the rectifier element, thereby allowing charging.
On the other hand, when a current flows only in a direction in which the power storage element is discharged, the rectifier element switches the switch to the off state when overcharge is predicted, thereby protecting the power storage element from overcharge. When the electrical load is connected in this state, a discharge current flows from the power storage element to the electrical load via the rectifier element, thereby allowing discharge.
When a large current flows through the rectifier element, the rectifier element may be damaged. In this case, it is also conceivable to prevent the breakdown by using a rectifier device having a large maximum allowable current, but in general, a rectifier device having a large maximum allowable current is relatively expensive and has a large size. Therefore, when the current value of the current flowing through the rectifying element reaches a predetermined current value, the switch is switched to the energized state in order to prevent the rectifying element from being damaged.
In this case, it is conceivable that the current flowing through the rectifier element is periodically measured, and when a predetermined current value is reached, the switch is switched to the energized state. It is conceivable to switch the shutter to the energized state by software-based control. However, in order to quickly switch the switch to the energized state when the current value reaches a predetermined current value, the current must be measured in a short cycle, and the current consumption increases.
When a current of a predetermined current value flows through the rectifier element, the switch is switched to the energized state by the exciting coil, and therefore, when the current value reaches the predetermined current value (in other words, when the switch is to be switched to the energized state), the switch can be quickly switched to the energized state. Since measurement of current for switching the shutter to the energized state is not required, current consumption can be suppressed as compared with the case where current is measured in a short cycle.
Since the switch is switched to the conduction state by hardware, not by software control, the switch is switched to the disconnection state to protect the electric storage element from abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge, and then is switched to the conduction state, the switch can be quickly switched to the conduction state and the consumption current for switching can be suppressed.
In the bypass path, a1 st parallel circuit and a2 nd parallel circuit may be provided in series, the 1 st parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 1 st switch through which current flows only in a direction of charging the power storage element are connected in parallel, the 2 nd parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifying element and the 2 nd switch through which current flows only in a direction of discharging the power storage element are connected in parallel, and the control unit may set the 1 st switch to an energized state and the 2 nd switch to a cut-off state when overcharge of the power storage element is predicted.
It is possible to supply electric power to the electrical load while protecting the power storage element from overcharge.
In the bypass path, a1 st parallel circuit and a2 nd parallel circuit may be provided in series, the 1 st parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifier element and the 1 st switch through which current flows only in a direction of charging the power storage element are connected in parallel, the 2 nd parallel circuit being a circuit in which the rectifier element and the 2 nd switch through which current flows only in a direction of discharging the power storage element are connected in parallel, and the control unit may turn off the 1 st switch and turn on the 2 nd switch when overdischarge of the power storage element is predicted.
The power storage element can be charged while being protected from over-discharge.
The 2 nd switch may be a normally open non-latching switch, a latching auxiliary switch may be provided in the bypass path in parallel with the 2 nd switch, and the control unit may switch the auxiliary switch to the energized state when the 2 nd switch is switched to the energized state.
When overdischarge is predicted, the remaining battery capacity is reduced, and therefore, if the 2 nd switch is brought into an energized state, if this state continues for a long time, the power of the power storage element may become insufficient and the 2 nd switch may be brought into an off state. When the 2 nd switch is turned off, the power storage element cannot be charged. In contrast, since the auxiliary switch is of a latch type, electric power for maintaining the energized state is not required, and the energized state can be maintained even if the electric power of the power storage element becomes insufficient. Therefore, even when the 2 nd switch is turned off, the power storage element can be charged via the auxiliary switch.
The present invention can be implemented in various forms such as a protection device for an electric storage element, a protection method for an electric storage element, a computer program for realizing the functions of these devices or methods, and a recording medium on which the computer program is recorded.
< embodiment 1>
Embodiment 1 is described with reference to fig. 1 to 8. In the following description, referring to fig. 2 and 3, the vertical direction of
(1) Structure of accumulator
As shown in fig. 1, a
As shown in fig. 2,
A plurality of
The
(2) Electrical structure of accumulator
The electrical structure of
As described above, the
BMS40 includes
The
The current sensor 43 is provided in the
The voltage sensor 44 is connected to both ends of each
The relay L1 and the
The
The charging FET49 and the discharging FET50 are provided in series in the
The discharge FET50 includes: the semiconductor switch 50A and the
The 2 nd
The current may be supplied to the 2 nd
The auxiliary relay L2 is a latch-type relay, and is provided in the
(3) Estimation of SOC
As described above,
The SOC estimated by the current accumulation method may be reset based on an Open Circuit Voltage (OCV) of the battery (hereinafter, referred to as OCV reset). This is a method of measuring a battery voltage (OCV) when no current flows in the battery using a correlation relationship with relatively good accuracy between the OCV and the SOC when no current flows in the battery, obtaining the SOC corresponding to the measured OCV with reference to a correlation relationship between the OCV and the SOC stored in advance, and correcting the SOC estimated by a current integration method. When the OCV is reset, the accumulation of errors in the current integration method is cut off, and therefore the estimation accuracy of the SOC can be improved.
(4) Protection of battery pack
The
(4-1) prediction of abnormality of Battery pack
For example, overcharge is performed when the SOC is 90% or more, and overdischarge is performed when the SOC is 10% or less. In this case,
The above values are examples, and the values that are the reference values for overcharge and overdischarge, or the values that are the reference values for determining that overcharge and overdischarge are approaching are not limited to the above values.
(4-2) operation in case where abnormality is not predicted
As shown in fig. 4, when abnormality such as overcharge or overdischarge is not predicted, that is, when the
(4-3) operation in case of prediction of overcharge
As shown in fig. 5, when overcharge of the
(a1) The 1
(a2) The
By performing the above-described operation (a1), it is possible to prevent the charging current from flowing from the charging
By performing the above-described operation (a2), when the
As shown in fig. 6, when the discharge current I1 flows from the
(4-4) operation in case of predicting overdischarge
As shown in fig. 7, when it is predicted that the
(b1) The 1
(b2) The semiconductor switch 50A of the discharge FET50 is switched on.
(b3) The auxiliary relay L2 is switched on.
By performing the above-described operation (b1), it is possible to prevent the discharge current from flowing from the assembled
By performing the above-described operation (B2), when the
As shown in fig. 8, when the charging current I2 flows from the charging
As shown in fig. 7, since the
In contrast, since the auxiliary relay L2 is of a latch type, electric power for maintaining the on state is not required, and the on state can be maintained even if the electric power of the
(5) Effects of the embodiments
According to BMS40 of embodiment 1 described above, when the current value of the current flowing through
When the
According to BMS40, it is possible to supply electric power to
According to the BMS40, the
According to the BMS40, the auxiliary relay L2 is switched on when the semiconductor switch 50A of the discharging FET50 is switched on, so even if the power of the
< other embodiment >
The technology disclosed in the present specification is not limited to the embodiments described above and illustrated in the drawings, and includes various embodiments as follows, for example.
(1) In the above-described embodiment, the
(2) In the above-described embodiment, the iron phosphate-based lithium ion battery was described as an example of the electric storage element, but the electric storage element is not limited to the iron phosphate-based lithium ion battery, and may be another secondary battery such as a manganese-based lithium ion battery, a titanium-based lithium ion battery containing titanium in the negative electrode, or a lead battery. Further, the electric storage element is not limited to the secondary battery, and may be a capacitor.
(3) In the above embodiment, the case where the charging FET49 (1 st parallel circuit) and the discharging FET50 (2 nd parallel circuit) are provided in the
(4) In the above embodiment, the charging FET49 was described as the 1 st parallel circuit, but the 1 st parallel circuit may be provided with a rectifier element and a1 st switch in parallel, and may not be an FET. In this case, the 1 st switch is not necessarily a semiconductor switch, and may be a mechanical relay, for example. The same applies to the 2 nd parallel circuit.
(5) In the above embodiment, the case where the auxiliary relay L2 is provided in the
(6) In the above-described embodiment, the
(7) The above-described embodiment may be applied to a secondary battery (backup battery) of a vehicle. The auxiliary battery (backup battery) is a battery that assists the main battery, and is used to keep the supply of power to the vehicle from being interrupted when the main battery is disconnected (OFF, power loss) for some reason. The auxiliary battery is maintained at full charge (SOC above a given value). When the present invention is applied to the sub-battery, the shutter can be turned OFF (OFF) without monitoring the sub-battery to prevent overcharging. When the main battery is turned OFF (OFF, power is lost), the switch is automatically turned ON (ON), and thus the supply of power to the vehicle can be uninterrupted.
(8) The above embodiment may be applied to an auxiliary battery of a vehicle. The auxiliary battery is used as a 12V power supply for driving an ECU and lighting of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). When the power supply (alternator) of the vehicle fails, the shutter is automatically turned ON (ON), and thus the power supply to the vehicle can be uninterrupted.
Description of the symbols
3: electrical equipment, 30: battery pack, 40: battery management device (an example of a protection device for power storage element), 41: current path, 42: control unit, 46: bypass path, 47: shutter, 49: charging FET (example of 1 st parallel circuit), 49A: semiconductor switch (example of 1 st switch), 49B: parasitic diode (an example of a rectifying element through which current flows only in a direction of charging the power storage element), 50: discharge FET (an example of the 2 nd parallel circuit), 50A: semiconductor switch (example of 2 nd switch), 50B: parasitic diode (an example of a rectifying element through which current flows only in a direction of discharging the electric storage element), 51: 2-th field coil (an example of a field coil), L2: an auxiliary relay (an example of an auxiliary shutter).