阅读说明：本技术 一种不需除沙的人工饲料养蚕方法 (Artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal ) 是由 张升祥 崔为正 王洪江 高绘菊 兰凤杰 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种不需除沙的人工饲料养蚕方法。选择人工饲料适应性家蚕品种催青后饲养至3龄,4龄起使用网格结构叠式塑料蚕匾进行饲育,所述网格结构叠式塑料蚕匾由多个层层叠放的养殖单元组成；所述养殖单元包括养殖层和储沙层；所述养殖层包括带垫脚的蚕匾、蚕匾上设置的网格和网格上铺设的养殖网；所述储沙层包括包括带垫脚的蚕匾、蚕匾上设置的网格和网格上铺设的塑料薄膜。本发明通过饲料和蚕沙自动分离,实现了人工饲料育家蚕的免除沙工序；本发明的家蚕人工饲料饲喂方法具有操作简单易行、安全可靠、防病和省工效果显著等特点,在当前家蚕人工饲料育中具有较好的实用性和推广前景。(The invention discloses an artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal. Selecting an artificial feed adaptive silkworm variety for accelerating hatching, feeding to 3 instars, and feeding at 4 instars by using a grid structure laminated plastic silkworm basket, wherein the grid structure laminated plastic silkworm basket consists of a plurality of culture units which are stacked layer by layer; the culture unit comprises a culture layer and a sand storage layer; the culture layer comprises a silkworm basket with foot pads, grids arranged on the silkworm basket and a culture net laid on the grids; the sand storage layer comprises a silkworm basket with a foot pad, a grid arranged on the silkworm basket and a plastic film laid on the grid. The invention realizes the sand-free process of artificial feed for breeding silkworms by automatically separating the feed and the silkworm excrement; the method for feeding the artificial feed for silkworms has the characteristics of simple and easy operation, safety, reliability, obvious effects of preventing diseases and saving labor and the like, and has better practicability and popularization prospect in the current artificial feed for silkworms.)

1. An artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) selecting an artificial feed for adaptive silkworm hatching, collecting ants by using a particle artificial feed after sensitization, and feeding 1-3 instar silkworms once per year;

(2) breeding silkworms in a grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket from the age of 4, wherein the grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket consists of a plurality of breeding units stacked layer by layer; the culture unit comprises a culture layer and a sand storage layer; the culture layer comprises a silkworm basket with foot pads, grids arranged on the silkworm basket and a culture net laid on the grids; the sand storage layer comprises a silkworm basket with a foot pad, a grid arranged on the silkworm basket and a plastic film laid on the grid;

(3) feeding wet feeds for 4-year-old silkworms, wherein each silkworm is fed with 25-30 kg of the wet feeds, feeding for 2 times, and winding the periphery of a grid-structured stacked plastic silkworm basket in a feeding period by using a mulching film; when 4-year-old silkworms sleep, removing the mulching film and ventilating;

(4) feeding 400-450 silkworms in 5 instars per basket, feeding 85-100 kg of wet feed for each silkworm in 5 instars for 3 times, and treating silkworms in the same 4 instars; carrying out body spraying and cocooning by using ecdysone when 5-10% of mature silkworms appear; after finishing cocooning, the silkworm excrement and the feed residues on the plastic film are cleaned, and the silkworm tray is disinfected.

2. The method for rearing silkworms according to claim 1, wherein in step (1), the pellet feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35% of mulberry leaf powder, 26% of soybean meal, 30.7% of corn flour, 2.5% of citric acid, 0.4-1.0% of sorbic acid, 0.5-1.0% of gallic acid, 0.4-1.0% of VC, 0.5-1.0% of VB group mixture and 3.0% of inorganic salt mixture.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the rearing temperature of the silkworms of 1 to 3 years old in the step (1) is 28 to 30 ℃ and the relative humidity is 95% or more.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the grid-structured stacked plastic silkworm basket is rectangular, the height of the mat foot is 6cm, and the aperture of the grid is 3 x 3 cm.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the net is provided with circular holes having a diameter of 3 to 5mm, and the plastic film has a thickness of 0.01 to 0.1 mm.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (2), the stacking height of the grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm tray is 1.0-2.4 m.

7. The method for rearing silkworms according to claim 1, wherein in step (3), the wet body feed is prepared by: weighing the steamed feed, adding water, stirring, placing into a sealed bag, rolling into layers, placing in single layer, steaming over water, taking out from the sealed bag, flattening, naturally cooling, and cutting into strips to obtain wet feed.

8. The method for rearing silkworms according to claim 7, wherein the cooked feed is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30% of mulberry leaf powder, 32% of soybean meal, 34% of corn flour, 2.5% of citric acid, 0.4-1.0% of sorbic acid and 0.4-1.0% of VC.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the rearing temperature of the 4 th instar silkworm is 25 to 26 ℃ and the relative humidity is 95% or more; the raising temperature in the 4-year-old silkworm sleep is reduced by 0.5-1 ℃, the relative humidity is below 60%, and the relative humidity is increased to more than 80% after the silkworms are started.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the rearing temperature of 5-instar silkworms is 25 to 26 ℃ and the relative humidity is 95% or more.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of silkworm breeding, in particular to an artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal.

Background

China is the origin of silkworms, the history of silkworm cultivation reaches more than five thousand years, China is still the world's largest cocoon silk production country and export country, and the silkworm cocoon yield accounts for about 80% of the world's total yield. The sericulture industry is an important agricultural industry in China from ancient times to the present, and is also an accurate poverty-relief industry with obvious effect at present. However, in recent years, the labor cost of China is greatly increased, the mechanization and intelligentization degrees of other agricultural industries are obviously improved, the price ratio advantage of the silkworm breeding industry is not outstanding, the current silkworm breeding environment is increasingly worsened, and the risk of silkworm breeding production is increasingly increased.

Labor-saving silkworm breeding is the main development direction of the silkworm breeding industry in China at present, and artificial feed breeding of silkworms is an important labor-saving silkworm breeding technology. The method can effectively avoid the adverse effects, realize the annual industrial silkworm breeding, and greatly improve the labor productivity and the utilization rate of facilities and equipment. The artificial feed breeding technology of China makes great progress in the aspects of adaptive silkworm variety cultivation, artificial feed formula, feed processing technology, feed breeding technology and the like, but the artificial feed breeding technology system of silkworms still needs to be further improved. The main reasons that the artificial feed silkworm breeding is difficult to use are that the cost of the feed is high, the cocoon quality is poor, and the prevention of bacterial infection in the feeding process is a great problem. In the artificial feed breeding process of silkworms, particularly after the silkworms grow to 4 years old, the silkworms have more silkworm excrement and large volume, and the silkworms, the feed and the silkworm excrement are mixed together, so that the silkworm diseases are caused by the pollution and the deterioration of the feed frequently, and the dead birth is caused in severe cases. In order to avoid the situation, the sand removal treatment is required frequently, so that on one hand, the effect of artificial feed silkworm breeding is greatly reduced, and meanwhile, the probability of feed pollution is also obviously increased, and the popularization and application of the artificial feed silkworm breeding technology are seriously restricted.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the prior art, the invention aims to provide an artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal, which avoids silkworm, feed and silkworm sand from being mixed together, causes silkworm diseases caused by feed pollution and deterioration, reduces the incidence of silkworm diseases in artificial feed breeding, and improves the yield and quality of silkworm cocoons.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the invention provides an artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal, which comprises the following steps:

(1) selecting an artificial feed for adaptive silkworm hatching, collecting ants by using a particle artificial feed after sensitization, and feeding 1-3 instar silkworms once per year;

(2) breeding silkworms in a grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket from the age of 4, wherein the grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket consists of a plurality of breeding units stacked layer by layer; the culture unit comprises a culture layer and a sand storage layer; the culture layer comprises a silkworm basket with foot pads, grids arranged on the silkworm basket and a culture net laid on the grids; the sand storage layer comprises a silkworm basket with a foot pad, a grid arranged on the silkworm basket and a plastic film laid on the grid; a plurality of culture units are stacked layer by layer, and a sand storage layer silkworm basket is arranged on the uppermost layer;

(3) feeding wet feeds for 4-year-old silkworms, wherein each silkworm is fed with 25-30 kg of the wet feeds, feeding for 2 times, and winding the periphery of a grid-structured stacked plastic silkworm basket in a feeding period by using a mulching film; when 4-year-old silkworms sleep, removing the mulching film and ventilating;

(4) feeding 400-450 silkworms in 5 instars per basket, feeding 85-100 kg of wet feed for each silkworm in 5 instars for 3 times, and treating silkworms in the same 4 instars; carrying out body spraying and cocooning by using ecdysone when 5-10% of mature silkworms appear; after finishing cocooning, the silkworm excrement and the feed residues on the plastic film are cleaned, and the silkworm tray is disinfected.

Preferably, in the step (1), the pellet feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 35% of mulberry leaf powder, 26% of soybean meal, 30.7% of corn flour, 2.5% of citric acid, 0.4-1.0% of sorbic acid, 0.5-1.0% of gallic acid, 0.4-1.0% of VC, 0.5-1.0% of VB group mixture and 3.0% of inorganic salt mixture.

Preferably, in the step (1), the rearing temperature of the 1-3 instar silkworms is 28-30 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95%.

Preferably, in the step (2), the grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket is rectangular, the height of the foot pad is 6cm, and the aperture of the grid is 3 × 3 cm.

Preferably, in the step (2), circular holes with the diameter of 3-5 mm are formed in the cultivation net, and the thickness of the plastic film is 0.01-0.1 mm.

Preferably, in the step (2), the stacking height of the grid-structure stacked plastic silkworm basket is 1.0-2.4 m.

Preferably, in step (3), the wet body feed is prepared by the following method: weighing the steamed feed, adding water, stirring, placing into a sealed bag, rolling into layers, placing in single layer, steaming over water, taking out from the sealed bag, flattening, naturally cooling, and cutting into strips to obtain wet feed.

Preferably, the cooked feed consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30% of mulberry leaf powder, 32% of soybean meal, 34% of corn flour, 2.5% of citric acid, 0.4-1.0% of sorbic acid and 0.4-1.0% of VC.

Preferably, in the step (3), the rearing temperature of the 4 th instar silkworm is 25-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95%; the raising temperature in the 4-year-old silkworm sleep is reduced by 0.5-1 ℃, the relative humidity is below 60%, and the relative humidity is increased to more than 80% after the silkworms are started.

Preferably, in the step (4), the rearing temperature of the 5 th instar silkworm is 25-26 ℃, and the relative humidity is more than 95%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention can prevent the disease of artificial feed silkworm breeding caused by feed pollution and has good application effect. According to the invention, the silkworm excrement falls from the culture layer into the excrement storage layer to realize automatic separation of the feed and the silkworm excrement, so that pathogenic bacteria in the silkworm excrement can be effectively prevented from polluting the feed, and further, the disease attack of silkworms is avoided; in the process of artificial silkworm feed breeding, a large amount of sand removal operation is omitted, the silkworm breeding efficiency is obviously improved, and the possibility of bringing pathogenic bacteria into the silkworm due to operation treatment is greatly reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1: the invention discloses a schematic structure diagram of a culture unit;

in the figure: 1 is a silkworm basket, 2 is a foot pad, 3 is a grid, 4 is a breeding net, and 5 is a plastic film;

FIG. 2: the invention discloses a schematic diagram of stacked silkworm rearing trays after stacking.

Detailed Description

It should be noted that the following detailed description is exemplary and is intended to provide further explanation of the disclosure. Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this application belongs.

As described in the background art, silkworm, feed and faeces bombycis are mixed together, so that silkworm diseases are caused by feed pollution and deterioration, and dead birth is caused in severe cases. If the mulberry leaves are used for breeding, the mulberry leaf stalks left after the silkworms gnaw the mulberry leaves are difficult to remove automatically, and the problem can not occur when the silkworms are fed by artificial feed. Based on the method, the invention provides an artificial feed silkworm breeding method without sand removal, and silkworms are placed on a grid structure stacked plastic silkworm basket for breeding at the age of 4 years. As the silkworm individual grows after 4 years old, the silkworm excrement is large in quantity and volume, and if the silkworm excrement is not removed in time, bacteria are easy to breed, and the growth of the silkworm is influenced. The grid structure stacked plastic silkworm tray comprises a silkworm tray (1) with a foot pad (2), a grid (3) is arranged on the silkworm tray (1), the silkworm tray with a culture net (4) laid on the grid (3) is a culture layer, and the silkworm tray with a plastic film (5) laid on the grid (3) is a sand storage layer; the breeding layer is stacked above the sand storage layer to form a breeding unit, a plurality of breeding units are stacked layer upon layer, the silkworms and the feed are positioned on the breeding net (4) of the upper layer of the silkworm basket, and the breeding net (4) has the main function of facilitating the concentration of the mature silkworms during the next mature silkworms and directly lifting the breeding net (4) and shaking off. When silkworms of 4 th and 5 th age eat, the grid-structure laminated plastic silkworm basket needs to be wound with mulching films, and the function of the basket is to prevent the feed from being dehydrated and dried in the feeding period of the silkworms. When 4-year-old silkworms sleep, the mulching film wound on the silkworm basket is removed, and the silkworm room is properly windowed and ventilated to promote the feed to dry and prevent the silkworms from getting food early.

In order to make the technical solutions of the present application more clearly understood by those skilled in the art, the technical solutions of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments. The test materials used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional in the art and commercially available.