阅读说明：本技术 一种无土栽培营养液及其制备方法与应用 (Soilless culture nutrient solution and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 李友丽 陈晓丽 王子凡 王利春 郭文忠 陈红 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及农业无土栽培领域,具体公开了一种无土栽培营养液及其制备方法与应用。本发明的无土栽培营养液,包含以mg/L计,以下浓度的组分：硝酸钾300-305、硝酸铵158-162、磷酸二氢钾66-70、七水硫酸镁244-248、有机螯合钙200-400、乙二胺四乙酸二钠铁20-40、硼酸2.6-3.0、四水硫酸锰2.0-2.2、七水硫酸锌0.20-0.24、五水硫酸铜0.075-0.085、四水钼酸铵0.015-0.025。本发明能保证各养分元素的有效性、均衡性及pH稳定性,提高了营养液利用效率。本发明还提供了一种制备该营养液的方法,其简便、高效,具有较好的推广价值,适于应用于生菜的无土栽培。(The invention relates to the field of agricultural soilless culture, and particularly discloses a soilless culture nutrient solution and a preparation method and application thereof. The soilless culture nutrient solution comprises the following components in mg/L: 300 portions of potassium nitrate 305, 158 portions of ammonium nitrate 162, 66 to 70 portions of monopotassium phosphate, 244 portions of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate 248, 200 portions of organic chelated calcium 400, 20 to 40 portions of disodium iron ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 2.6 to 3.0 portions of boric acid, 2.0 to 2.2 portions of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.20 to 0.24 portion of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.075 to 0.085 portion of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.015 to 0.025 portion of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate. The invention can ensure the effectiveness, the balance and the pH stability of each nutrient element and improve the utilization efficiency of the nutrient solution. The invention also provides a method for preparing the nutrient solution, which is simple, convenient and efficient, has better popularization value and is suitable for soilless culture of lettuce.)

1. A soilless culture nutrient solution, characterized in that it comprises the following components in concentration: 300-305mg/L potassium nitrate, 162mg/L ammonium nitrate, 66-70mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 244-248mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 400mg/L organic chelated calcium, 20-40mg/L disodium ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 2.6-3.0mg/L boric acid, 2.0-2.2mg/L manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.20-0.24mg/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.075-0.085mg/L copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.015-0.025mg/L ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.

2. The nutritional liquid according to claim 1, wherein the nutritional liquid comprises the following components in concentrations: 303.5mg/L of potassium nitrate, 160mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 68.04mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 246.48mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 400mg/L of organic chelated calcium 200, 20-40mg/L of disodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 2.86mg/L of boric acid, 2.13mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.08mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.

3. The nutrient solution according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the organic chelated calcium is amino acid chelated calcium, and the effective calcium content of the amino acid chelated calcium is 10 ± 0.5%.

4. The nutritional solution according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nutritional solution further comprises a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator is phosphoric acid or citric acid.

5. The nutritional liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the pH of the nutritional liquid is 5.5 to 6.5.

6. A method of preparing the nutritional liquid according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:

(1) weighing each component respectively and mixing uniformly to form the composite solid fertilizer;

(2) mixing the composite solid fertilizer with water to prepare mother liquor, wherein the concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 50-250 times of that of each component in the nutrient solution;

(3) and mixing the mother solution with water to prepare the nutrient solution.

7. The method of claim 6, further comprising step (4): adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 5.5-6.5.

8. Use of the nutrient solution according to any one of claims 1-5 or the method according to claim 6 or 7 for soilless culture of lettuce.

9. Use according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises the steps of planting lettuce in a substrate and providing said nutrient solution.

10. The use according to claim 9, wherein the substrate comprises peat, vermiculite and perlite in a 2:1:1 mass ratio.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agricultural soilless culture. In particular to a soilless culture nutrient solution and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

The soilless culture uses artificially prepared nutrient solution or solid matrix and nutrient solution to replace soil for crop culture, is beneficial to standardized production, mechanized operation and information management, has the advantages of water saving, fertilizer saving, land saving, labor saving and the like, and is an important culture mode for realizing safe, high-quality, high-yield and high-efficiency production of facility vegetables. The soilless culture gets rid of the limitation of soil, and also loses the water and fertilizer 'entitlement' of natural soil, the water and fertilizer required by the growth and development of crops mainly depend on nutrient solution, and the nutrient characteristics and management of the nutrient solution are the core of the soilless culture.

The nutrient characteristics of the nutrient solution are closely related to the nutrient solution formula and the preparation method thereof. According to the nutrient requirement characteristics and physiological balance principle of crop growth and development, certain compounds containing essential nutrient elements of crops are selected, and the proportion and the dosage of each compound are determined so as to obtain the nutrient solution formula for the soilless culture of the crops. At present, nutrient solution formulas widely applied in China include Hoagland formulas, Kawasaki formulas, special formulas of the university of south China and the like. Nutrients in the existing commercial nutrient solution formula are mostly supplied in the form of simple coordination compounds, such as calcium nitrate and magnesium sulfate, and insoluble compounds are easily generated in the preparation process, so that the effectiveness of the nutrients is influenced, and the component imbalance of the nutrient solution is caused. Therefore, compounds in the formulation which do not interact with each other are usually dissolved and diluted by placing them together, such as calcium nitrate and potassium nitrate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate or ammonium dihydrogen phosphate is dissolved together with magnesium sulfate, or prepared into a mother liquor a centered on a calcium salt, a mother liquor B centered on a phosphate salt, and a mother liquor C of trace elements. However, the preparation process of the nutrient solution is complicated, labor and time are wasted, and the condition of precise weighing of the nutrient solution fertilizer is often not available in the production line, so that denaturation such as calcium salt, phosphate, sulfate and the like is easy to occur in the preparation operation of the nutrient solution, the effectiveness of nutrient elements such as Ca, P, S and the like in the nutrient solution is reduced, nutrient components are unbalanced, the pH value is increased, the nutrient requirements of crops are difficult to meet, ion toxicity is easy to cause, and the generation of denatured substances also easily causes the problems of blockage of an irrigation system, damage to electronic components and the like. And adopt nutrient solution preparation equipment although can simplify the process, improve labor efficiency, nevertheless need install multichannel and annotate fertile device to avoid the mixture of high concentration fertilizer liquid, and then increased the cost of modern liquid manure integration intelligence management and control equipment.

Therefore, the current nutrient solution formula needs to be further optimized, the preparation process of the nutrient solution is simplified, the nutrient effectiveness of the nutrient solution in the preparation process of the nutrient solution is prevented from being influenced, and conditions are created for large-scale application of the nutrient solution cultivation technology.

Disclosure of Invention

One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a formula of a (lettuce) soilless culture nutrient solution aiming at the problems of reduced nutrient element effectiveness, unbalanced ion components, labor and time consumption for nutrient solution preparation and the like caused by nutrient ion denaturation in the preparation and management processes of the soilless culture nutrient solution, and according to the actual nutrient requirements of crops.

In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a soilless culture nutrient solution comprises the following components in concentration: 300-305mg/L potassium nitrate, 162mg/L ammonium nitrate, 66-70mg/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 244-248mg/L magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 400mg/L organic chelated calcium, 20-40mg/L disodium ferric ethylenediaminetetraacetate, 2.6-3.0mg/L boric acid, 2.0-2.2mg/L manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.20-0.24mg/L zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.075-0.085mg/L copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.015-0.025mg/L ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.

The invention reasonably optimizes and proportions the composition of the soilless culture nutrient solution and the use amount of each component, so that each component can stably exist and is not easy to denature, and the balance of ionic components and the requirement of the components on nutrients are ensured.

In the present invention, the nutrient solution comprises the following components in concentration: 303.5mg/L of potassium nitrate, 160mg/L of ammonium nitrate, 68.04mg/L of monopotassium phosphate, 246.48mg/L of magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, 400mg/L of organic chelated calcium 200, 20-40mg/L of disodium ferric ethylenediamine tetraacetate, 2.86mg/L of boric acid, 2.13mg/L of manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, 0.22mg/L of zinc sulfate heptahydrate, 0.08mg/L of copper sulfate pentahydrate and 0.02mg/L of ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate.

In the present invention, the organic chelated calcium is amino acid chelated calcium (Ca [ HCOOCH (NH))₂)CH2COO]₂) The effective calcium content of the amino acid chelated calcium is 10 +/-0.5%, so that the amino acid chelated calcium is beneficial to absorption and utilization of plants.

In the invention, the nutrient solution also comprises a pH regulator, wherein the pH regulator is phosphoric acid or citric acid.

In the invention, the pH value of the nutrient solution is 5.5-6.5.

According to the invention, the pH value can be adjusted to 5.5-6.5 by phosphoric acid or citric acid according to the variety of cultivated crops, so as to meet the requirements of different crops.

Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for preparing the above nutrient solution, comprising the steps of:

(1) weighing each component respectively and mixing uniformly to form the composite solid fertilizer;

(2) mixing the composite solid fertilizer with water to prepare mother liquor, wherein the concentration of each component in the mother liquor is 50-250 times of that of each component in the nutrient solution;

(3) and mixing the mother solution with water to prepare the nutrient solution.

The components in the nutrient solution formula can stably exist in the same system, the denaturation of the components is not easy to generate, the components are not required to be classified and prepared into various mother solutions, the preparation process is simplified, the problem that the nutrient effectiveness of the nutrient solution is easily influenced in the preparation process of the nutrient solution is solved, and the nutrient solution formula is suitable for large-scale production.

The method of the present invention further comprises step (4): adjusting the pH value of the nutrient solution to 5.5-6.5.

According to the preparation method of the nutrient solution, the compounds with the required dosage for preparing the nutrient solution in unit volume are respectively weighed according to the formula of the nutrient solution, and are uniformly mixed to form the compound solid fertilizer required by the nutrient solution in unit volume. In the production, the composite solid fertilizer amount is calculated and weighed according to the volume of the nutrient solution prepared according to actual needs, dissolved in water, poured into a nutrient solution storage tank, added with clear water to a constant volume and stirred uniformly to form the nutrient solution; or weighing a certain amount of the compound solid fertilizer, adding clear water into a container for dissolving to prepare a nutrient solution mother solution, and quantitatively and uniformly mixing with the clear water under the control of modern water and fertilizer integrated equipment during irrigation to form the nutrient solution.

According to another preparation method of the nutrient solution, compounds with the formula amount being multiple times of that of the nutrient solution are respectively weighed, dissolved in clear water in a container, subjected to constant volume and uniformly stirred, and then the nutrient solution mother solution (nutrient solution concentrated solution, namely high-concentration nutrient solution) with the concentration being multiple times is prepared. In the production, the nutrient solution mother liquor is measured according to the nutrient solution volume configured according to actual needs and the concentration multiple of the nutrient solution mother liquor, poured into a nutrient solution storage tank, added with clear water to a constant volume and uniformly stirred to form the nutrient solution; or during irrigation, the nutrient solution is quantitatively and uniformly mixed with clear water under the control of modern water and fertilizer integrated equipment to form the nutrient solution (the mixing configuration is a part of irrigation in production and is a dynamic process).

In the invention, the modern water and fertilizer integrated equipment for irrigation is provided with a single fertilizer injection device.

In the invention, the compound solid fertilizer required by the nutrient solution of unit volume can be prepared indoors or produced in factories by special persons (technicians) in a production park/base to form a commodity, and the nutrient solution is prepared by dissolving the compound solid fertilizer in a nutrient solution irrigation management area.

The invention further aims to provide the application of the nutrient solution or the method in soilless culture of lettuce.

In the application of the invention, the application comprises the steps of planting lettuce in a matrix and providing the nutrient solution.

In the application of the invention, the substrate comprises turf, vermiculite and perlite in a mass ratio of 2:1: 1.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

compared with the prior art, the formula of the composite nutrient solution provided by the invention can better ensure the effectiveness, the balance and the pH stability of each nutrient element in the preparation and management processes of the nutrient solution, improve the utilization efficiency of the nutrient solution and ensure the yield and the quality of crops. The method for preparing the nutrient solution is simple, convenient and efficient, A, B, C mother liquor does not need to be prepared respectively, the cost of modern water and fertilizer integrated equipment is reduced, and the method has good popularization value.

Detailed Description

Preferred embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the following examples. It is to be understood that the following examples are given for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Various modifications and alterations of this invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.

The experimental procedures used in the following examples are all conventional procedures unless otherwise specified. Materials, reagents and the like used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.

The compounds of potassium nitrate, ammonium nitrate, monopotassium phosphate, magnesium sulfate heptahydrate, organic chelated calcium, disodium iron ethylenediamine tetraacetate, boric acid, manganese sulfate tetrahydrate, zinc sulfate heptahydrate, copper sulfate pentahydrate and ammonium molybdate tetrahydrate are all commercial products.

The organic calcium chelate used in the embodiment of the present invention is calcium amino acid chelate (Ca [ HCOOCH (NH) ] unless otherwise specified₂)CH₂COO]₂) The content of effective calcium is 10 plus or minus 0.5 percent.