阅读说明：本技术 一种水稻种植高效氮肥增效剂及其用于水稻种植的应用 (Efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting and application of efficient nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting ) 是由 屈晓 于 2019-11-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于水稻种植技术领域,具体涉及一种水稻种植高效氮肥增效剂,并进一步公开其用于水稻种植的应用。本发明所述氮肥增效剂,以瓦松水提取物和威灵仙乙醇提取物为有效成分,利用植物提取物含有的适宜的有机物质混合物,可改良土壤的理化性状,提高土壤对氮素的吸附性能；尤其是所述瓦松提取物和威灵仙提取物中含有的有机物质能够有效抑制土壤中亚硝化细菌等微生物的活性,减少氮肥的损失情况,显著提高施加的氮肥的氮素利用效率,进而有效提高水稻的产量；相比于现有技术中已知的化学类氮肥增效剂,其具有近似或更显著的增效优势；并且,整个植物资源来源丰富、操作简便、成本较低,农业推广性较高。(The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, particularly relates to a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, and further discloses application of the synergist in rice planting. The nitrogen fertilizer synergist takes the water extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the ethanol extract of the clematis chinensis as effective components, and utilizes a proper organic substance mixture contained in the plant extract, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, and the nitrogen adsorption performance of the soil can be improved; particularly, the organic substances contained in the extract of the fimbriated orostachys herb and the extract of the clematis root can effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, reduce the loss condition of a nitrogen fertilizer, obviously improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice; compared with the chemical nitrogen fertilizer synergist known in the prior art, the synergistic synergist has similar or more remarkable synergistic advantages; moreover, the whole plant resource has rich sources, simple and convenient operation, lower cost and higher agricultural popularization.)

1. A high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting is characterized by comprising an extract of Orostachys japonicas and an extract of radix clematidis.

2. The rice planting high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the fimbriate orostachys herb extract to the clematis root extract is 1-5: 1-3.

3. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1 or 2, wherein said extract of Orostachys japonicas is an aqueous extract of Orostachys japonicas.

4. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of claim 1 or 2, wherein the radix clematidis extract is an ethanol extract of radix clematidis rhizomes.

5. The rice planting high efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer synergist further comprises nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and/or ammonia stabilizer.

6. A method for preparing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5, comprising the step of mixing selected amounts of the extract of Orostachys japonicas and the extract of Clematis chinensis.

7. The application of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5 in the field of rice planting.

8. A method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting, which is characterized by comprising the steps of mixing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting of any one of claims 1-5 with nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizing base fertilizer.

9. The method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting according to claim 8, wherein the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting accounts for 2-8% of the pure nitrogen application amount in the nitrogen fertilizer.

10. A method for planting high-efficiency rice, which is characterized in that the method further comprises the step of adding the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for planting rice as claimed in any one of claims 1-5 in the step of applying a base fertilizer.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of rice planting, particularly relates to a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, and further discloses application of the synergist in rice planting.

Background

Rice is one of important grain crops in China, plays an important role in national economy, and is the first of rice planting countries and rice annual output in the world. According to research, nitrogen fertilizer plays a very important role in rice growth, and not only is nitrogen an important structural substance in plants, such as protein, nucleic acid, chlorophyll and the like, but also nitrogen is a component of a plurality of endogenous hormones and enzymes. Therefore, nitrogen is one of the important nutrient elements influencing the growth and development of rice, and is one of the important factors determining the yield, namely the quality of the nitrogen nutrition of the rice directly influences the growth and development of the rice and finally influences the yield of the rice.

However, in actual planting, the unreasonable application of the fertilizer can cause the utilization rate of the fertilizer to be low, and particularly the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer in China is generally low and is only about 30-35%. After the N fertilizer is applied to irrigated rice fields, a large amount of nitrogen fertilizer and nutrient elements thereof which are not absorbed by the rice can be lost and enter water, so that not only is the nutrient resource wasted, but also the environmental problems such as surface water eutrophication, lake pollution, underground water pollution and the like can be caused, and the ecological balance is seriously damaged. Therefore, the improvement of the utilization efficiency of fertilizers, particularly nitrogen fertilizers, and the reduction of the loss of fertilizer nutrients are important research hotspots in rice planting.

The nitrogen fertilizer synergist is a substance which can affect the biochemical environment of soil, regulate the activity of partial soil enzymes and affect the action of soil microorganisms on nitrogen fertilizer after entering the soil, thereby reducing the loss of nitrogen. Through a great deal of research in recent years, the types of nitrogen fertilizer synergists at home and abroad are nearly hundreds, and the nitrogen fertilizer synergists can be divided into nitrification inhibitors, urease inhibitors, ammonia stabilizers and the like according to the action mode. Wherein, the nitrification inhibitor is characterized by being capable of inhibiting the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil and having the function of inhibiting the nitrifying bacteria in the soil; the urease inhibitor can inhibit the activity of urease in soil and slow down the hydrolysis of urea, and is specially matched with urea for application; the action mechanism of the ammonia stabilizer is that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, the adsorption performance of the soil to nitrogen can be improved, and the ammonia volatilization loss and leaching loss of the nitrogen can be reduced. Therefore, the development of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist has important significance for increasing yield and efficiency in rice planting.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to provide a high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting to solve the problem of low utilization efficiency of nitrogen fertilizer for rice planting in the prior art.

In order to solve the technical problems, the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting comprises an extract of herba orostachyos and an extract of radix clematidis.

Specifically, the mass ratio of the herba orostachyos extract to the radix clematidis extract is 1-5: 1-3.

Specifically, the herba orostachyos extract is a water extract of herba orostachyos.

Specifically, the clematis root extract is an ethanol extract of clematis root rhizomes, and preferably a 70 wt% ethanol extract.

Specifically, the nitrogen fertilizer synergist further comprises a nitrification inhibitor, a urease inhibitor and/or an ammonia stabilizer.

The nitrification inhibitor, urease inhibitor and/or ammonia stabilizer may all be additive materials known in the art.

The invention also discloses a method for preparing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting, which comprises the step of mixing a selected amount of the extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the extract of the clematis root.

The invention also discloses application of the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the field of rice planting.

The invention also discloses a method for effectively improving the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen fertilizer in rice planting, which comprises the steps of mixing the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting with the nitrogen fertilizer and fertilizing the base fertilizer.

Specifically, the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting accounts for 2-8% of the pure nitrogen application amount in the nitrogen fertilizer.

The invention also discloses a high-efficiency rice planting method, which further comprises the step of adding the high-efficiency nitrogen fertilizer synergist for rice planting in the step of applying the base fertilizer.

The nitrogen fertilizer synergist takes the water extract of the orostachys fimbriata and the ethanol extract of the clematis chinensis as effective components, and utilizes a proper organic substance mixture contained in the plant extract, so that the physical and chemical properties of soil can be improved, and the nitrogen adsorption performance of the soil can be improved; particularly, the organic substances contained in the extract of the fimbriated orostachys herb and the extract of the clematis root can effectively inhibit the activity of microorganisms such as nitrifying bacteria and the like in soil, reduce the loss condition of a nitrogen fertilizer, obviously improve the utilization efficiency of the nitrogen of the applied nitrogen fertilizer, and further effectively improve the yield of rice; compared with the chemical nitrogen fertilizer synergist known in the prior art, the synergistic synergist has similar or more remarkable synergistic advantages; moreover, the whole plant resource has rich sources, simple and convenient operation, lower cost and higher agricultural popularization.

Detailed Description

Preparation example 1 preparation of extract of Orostachys japonicus

Cleaning whole herba Orostachyos, air drying, pulverizing, adding water 5 times of the weight of herba Orostachyos pulverized particles, soaking for 30min, and heating for decocting for 30 min; and (3) after solid-liquid separation, collecting decoction, continuously adding the same amount of water into the collected residues for secondary decoction extraction, collecting the decoction, combining the decoction with the previous decoction, concentrating the mixture by rotary evaporation to obtain an extract, and stopping concentration when the mass of the extract is the same as the using amount of the orostachys fimbriatus so as to obtain the required orostachys fimbriatus extract.

Preparation example 2 extract of Clematis chinensis

Taking radix clematidis rhizome parts, cleaning, airing and crushing, adding an ethanol water solution with the mass concentration of 70 wt% which is 4 times of the mass of the radix clematidis rhizome crushed particles into the radix clematidis rhizome crushed particles, soaking for 30min, then carrying out reflux extraction at normal temperature for 1h, carrying out solid-liquid separation to collect an ethanol extracting solution, continuously adding the ethanol solution with the same amount into collected residues, carrying out secondary reflux extraction, collecting the ethanol extracting solution, combining the ethanol extracting solution with the previous extracting solution, concentrating by rotary evaporation to obtain an extract, and stopping concentration when the mass of the extract is the same as the amount of the radix clematidis rhizome to obtain the required radix clematidis extract.