阅读说明：本技术 一种包膜剂、复合肥及其制备方法 (Coating agent, compound fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 许勇 陈彬 穆光远 苏盈盈 石朋飞 于 2019-10-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种包膜剂,所述包膜剂包括柑橘属果皮精油、防板结剂以及植物生长调节剂,按重量比计,所述柑橘属果皮精油∶防板结剂∶植物生长调节剂＝1-3∶2-3∶0.02。本发明还提供一种复合肥及其制备方法。将本发明的具有柑橘属果皮精油的包膜剂用于包覆肥料,并将包膜肥料施用于农作物时可以提高作物产量和作物品质,有效提高所包覆的基础肥料的肥效。(The invention provides a coating agent, which comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02. The invention also provides a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. When the coating agent with the citrus peel essential oil is used for coating the fertilizer, and the coated fertilizer is applied to crops, the crop yield and the crop quality can be improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the coated basic fertilizer can be effectively improved.)

1. The film coating agent is characterized by comprising citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

2. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, sodium nitrophenolate, forchlorfenuron, brassin and gibberellin.

3. The coating agent according to claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of citrus peel essential oil to anti-skinning agent to plant growth regulator is 2: 2.5: 0.02.

4. The coating agent of claim 1, wherein the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel or pomelo peel.

5. A compound fertilizer, which is characterized by comprising base fertilizer particles and the coating agent of claims 1-4 coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003.

6. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the basic fertilizer granules include nitramine phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer, and the weight ratio of nitramine phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1.

7. The compound fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, magnesium fertilizer, zinc fertilizer and borax in a weight ratio of 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.

8. The preparation method of the compound fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;

carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

9. The method for producing a compound fertilizer according to claim 8, wherein the method for producing the citrus peel essential oil comprises:

obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;

adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;

distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.

10. The method for producing a composite fertilizer as claimed in claim 9, wherein the inorganic salt includes one or more of sodium chloride, magnesium chloride or potassium chloride.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a coating agent, a compound fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The plant essential oil is a plant-derived secondary metabolite, has small molecular weight, can be steamed with steam, has a certain volatile oily liquid substance, and exists in the whole plant of the plant or the roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits and the like of the plant. It can reduce the pH value of soil, quickly mature soil, fix nitrogen in air, participate in the conversion of nutrients, promote the absorption of plants to nutrients, secrete hormone to stimulate the development of plant root systems, inhibit the activity of harmful microorganisms and the like. However, at present, the application of plant essential oil, especially citrus peel essential oil, in fertilizers is very rare.

CN107176886A discloses an environment-friendly compound fertilizer for corn, which belongs to the technical field of fertilizers and comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 55-60 parts of livestock manure, 22-25 parts of eggshells, 6-10 parts of fruit peels, 12-14 parts of bean cakes, 8-10 parts of peanut bran, 4-6 parts of vinasse, 16-18 parts of argil, 15-17 parts of plant ash, 1-4 parts of trace elements, 10-20 parts of urea, 6-10 parts of potassium sulfate, 6-10 parts of diammonium phosphate, 0.5-1 part of bacillus, 1-2 parts of yeast, 5-10 parts of humic acid, 10-12 parts of traditional Chinese medicine residues, 7-9 parts of plant essential oil and 1-3 parts of plant growth regulators. The application of plant essential oils in complex fertilizers is disclosed in the patent, but the use of citrus peel essential oils is not disclosed.

CN108558507A discloses a composition for improving fertilizer absorption and utilization rate and application thereof, wherein the composition comprises citrus essential oil, the citrus essential oil comprises grapefruit essential oil and orange peel essential oil, the mass percentage of the grapefruit essential oil in the citrus essential oil is 10-30%, the mass percentage of the orange peel essential oil in the citrus essential oil is 50-70%, and the composition further comprises an emulsifier and an organic solvent. The application of citrus essential oil to fertilizers is disclosed in this patent, but there is no disclosure of using citrus peel essential oil in a coating agent to improve the fertilizer efficiency of the coated base fertilizer particles by the citrus peel essential oil in the coating agent.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the invention provides a coating agent capable of improving fertilizer efficiency of a fertilizer. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

a coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

Preferably, the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, compound sodium nitrophenolate, brassin and gibberellin.

Preferably, the ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 2: 2.5: 0.02.

Preferably, the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel or pomelo peel.

The invention also provides a compound fertilizer, which comprises base fertilizer particles and the coating agent coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003.

Preferably, the basic fertilizer particles comprise ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and medium trace element fertilizer, and the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1.

Preferably, the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, a magnesium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and borax, the ferrous sulfate, the magnesium fertilizer, the zinc fertilizer and the borax are 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3 in weight ratio, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;

carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

Preferably, the preparation method of the citrus peel essential oil comprises the following steps:

obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;

adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;

distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.

Preferably, the inorganic salt comprises one or more of sodium chloride or, magnesium chloride or potassium chloride.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: when the coating agent with the citrus peel essential oil is used for coating the fertilizer, and the coated fertilizer is applied to crops, the crop yield and the crop quality can be improved, and the fertilizer efficiency of the coated basic fertilizer can be effectively improved.

Detailed Description

While the following is a description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

The invention provides a coating agent, which comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-skinning agent and a plant growth regulator, wherein the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-skinning agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

In a further embodiment, the citrus peel essential oil comprises one or more of orange peel, citrus peel, tangerine peel, or pomelo peel. More preferably, the citrus peel essential oil is orange peel essential oil.

The orange peel essential oil is used in the coating agent according to the proportion, and then the coating agent is used for coating inorganic fertilizer particles, so that the coated fertilizer has the following effects: 1. low temperature resistance: the low temperature resistance effect of the coated fertilizer is improved, and the effective exertion of the particle components of the inorganic fertilizer is ensured; 2. anti-evaporation: when the coated fertilizer with the orange peel essential oil is dissolved in water for spraying, the volatilization time of fertilizer droplets can be prolonged, and the high-temperature application effect is ensured; 3. anti-drift: adjusting a fog drop spectrum, and reducing the drift of fog drops; 4. and (3) promoting sedimentation: the sedimentation of fertilizer fog drops is accelerated, and the loss of fertilizer components is reduced; 5. adhesion promotion: wetting and spreading of fertilizer droplets are improved, and rain wash resistance is achieved; 6. absorption promotion: the dissolution of organism wax layers and egg shells on the surfaces of crops is accelerated, and the absorption and utilization rate of fertilizer components are promoted; 7. weather resistance: the fertilizer has the advantages that the fertilizer has a moisturizing effect during high-temperature drought, the volatilization and loss of fertilizer components are reduced, the fertilizer loss is reduced in rainy and foggy days, the relative dryness of leaf surfaces and fruit surfaces is kept, water is not easy to accumulate, and the germination of pathogenic spores is prevented; 8. safety: the essential oil is safe, has uniform and lasting effect, is more compatible to crops, and can be used for multiple times in one season.

Due to the above-mentioned many advantageous effects, the use of the coated agent of the present invention for coating a fertilizer and the application of the coated fertilizer to crops can improve crop yield and crop quality.

In a further embodiment, the plant growth regulator comprises one or more of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, forchlorfenuron, sodium nitrophenolate, brassin and gibberellin. More preferably, the plant growth regulator adopts compound sodium nitrophenolate.

In a further embodiment, the citrus peel essential oil, the anti-hardening agent and the plant growth regulator are 2: 2.5: 0.02. The effect of the crop prepared by adopting the coating agent with the proportion is better.

The invention also provides a compound fertilizer, which comprises base fertilizer particles and the coating agent coated outside the base fertilizer particles, wherein the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003. Preferably, the weight ratio of the base fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.002.

The citrus peel essential oil in the coating agent in the compound fertilizer provided by the invention has the beneficial effects as described above, and the coating agent is compounded with the basic fertilizer particles according to the proportion, so that the crop yield and the crop quality can be effectively improved.

In a further embodiment, the base fertilizer granules comprise an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer to the monopotassium phosphate to the potassium chloride to the potassium sulfate to the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1. The compound fertilizer has better effect by adopting the formula proportion.

In a further embodiment, the medium trace element fertilizer comprises ferrous sulfate, a magnesium fertilizer, a zinc fertilizer and borax, in a weight ratio of 0.2-0.3: 0.1-0.2: 0.2-0.3, the magnesium fertilizer is one or two of magnesium sulfate and magnesium nitrate, and the zinc fertilizer is one or two of zinc sulfate and zinc nitrate.

The invention also provides a preparation method of the compound fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

mixing an ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, monopotassium phosphate, potassium chloride, potassium sulfate and a medium trace element fertilizer, and performing high tower granulation at the temperature of 170-175 ℃ to obtain basic fertilizer granules, wherein the weight ratio of the ammonium nitrate phosphate fertilizer, the monopotassium phosphate, the potassium chloride, the potassium sulfate and the medium trace element fertilizer is 45-50: 12-18: 1-3: 28-41.4: 0.6-1;

carrying out spray coating on the basic fertilizer particles by using a coating agent, wherein the spray coating temperature is 70-80 ℃, the weight ratio of the basic fertilizer particles to the coating agent is 1: 0.001-0.003, the coating agent comprises citrus peel essential oil, an anti-hardening agent and a plant growth regulator, and the weight ratio of the citrus peel essential oil to the anti-hardening agent to the plant growth regulator is 1-3: 2-3: 0.02.

In a further embodiment, the method for preparing the citrus peel essential oil comprises:

obtaining target peel at the position of 2-4mm of the outer layer of the citrus peel;

adding inorganic salt and water into the target peel to break, wherein the inorganic salt accounts for 4-6% of the target peel by weight, and the water and the target peel are mixed according to the ratio of 7-9ml to 1 g;

distilling the smashed mixture for 2.5-3.5h, and collecting distillate, namely the citrus peel essential oil.

The advantageous effects of the present invention will be described below by way of specific examples.