阅读说明：本技术 无地面水文数据支持的水库蓄水变化量遥感监测方法 (Reservoir storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without ground hydrological data support ) 是由 俞雷 郗晓菲 张薇 姚勇航 于 2019-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了无地面水文数据支持的水库蓄水变化量遥感监测方法,属于遥感图像应用领域。首先光学遥感卫星和合成孔径雷达遥感卫星获取监测水库图像,并进行处理。然后利用GIS技术提取水库水体面积,根据水库经纬度位置,获取数字高程模型DEM数据,读取DEM数据的最大值和最小值,以高程最小值为基准,按照1米的间隔计算高程差值,作为有效水位值的区间。最后采用Arcmap软件,输入区间内的各有效水位值,利用GIS技术计算水体面积。利用Matlab软件对不同水位值和对应水体面积进行二阶拟合,求解二阶系数。根据棱台模型,按照需要选择遥感数对应的两个时相,计算两个时相间水库蓄水量的变化值V。本发明突破了原有技术的限制,发挥了遥感数据的优势。(The invention discloses a reservoir storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without ground hydrological data support, and belongs to the field of remote sensing image application. Firstly, an optical remote sensing satellite and a synthetic aperture radar remote sensing satellite acquire and monitor reservoir images and process the reservoir images. And then extracting the water body area of the reservoir by using a GIS technology, acquiring digital elevation model DEM data according to the longitude and latitude positions of the reservoir, reading the maximum value and the minimum value of the DEM data, and calculating an elevation difference value according to an interval of 1 meter by taking the elevation minimum value as a reference to be used as an interval of an effective water level value. And finally, inputting each effective water level value in the interval by adopting Arcmap software, and calculating the water area by utilizing a GIS technology. And carrying out second-order fitting on different water level values and corresponding water areas by using Matlab software, and solving a second-order coefficient. And according to the prism table model, selecting two time phases corresponding to the remote sensing number as required, and calculating the change value V of the reservoir water storage capacity between the two time phases. The invention breaks through the limitation of the prior art and exerts the advantages of remote sensing data.)

1. The remote sensing monitoring method for reservoir storage variation without the support of ground hydrological data is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

detecting a certain monitoring reservoir by using an optical remote sensing satellite and a synthetic aperture radar remote sensing satellite to obtain a plurality of monitoring images, and respectively processing each image;

step two, extracting the water body area S of the reservoir by utilizing a GIS technology in the processed remote sensing image_RS；

Acquiring digital elevation model DEM data in a corresponding area range according to the longitude and latitude positions of the reservoir;

cutting the DEM data according to the reservoir area range to ensure that the DEM data completely covers the reservoir area range;

reading the maximum value and the minimum value of DEM data, and calculating an elevation difference value according to an interval of 1 meter by taking the elevation minimum value as a reference so as to be used as an interval of an effective water level value;

step six, inputting each effective water level value in the interval by adopting Arcmap software, and calculating the inundation area corresponding to each water level value by utilizing a GIS technology, namely the water area S;

the value range of the water area S is to cover the reservoir water area S extracted by the remote sensing image_RSA range of values;

step seven, carrying out second-order fitting on different water level values and corresponding water areas S by using Matlab software, and solving a second-order coefficient according to a fitted quadratic function;

the second order fit has the functional relationship: s ═ a × h²+b*h+c

a. b and c are second-order coefficients respectively; h is the determined effective water level value;

step eight, selecting two time phases corresponding to the remote sensing number according to the prismoid model and the requirement, and respectively extracting the corresponding reservoir area S of the remote sensing image_RS1And S_RS2Calculating the water volume between the water levels of the two time phases, namely the change value V of the water storage capacity of the reservoir between the two time phases;

the calculation formula is as follows:

2. the method for remotely sensing and monitoring the variation of reservoir water storage without the support of ground hydrological data according to claim 1, wherein the processing in the first step is specifically as follows:

atmospheric correction and orthorectification processing are carried out on a remote sensing image acquired by an optical remote sensing satellite;

and performing orthorectification processing on the remote sensing image acquired by the radar remote sensing satellite.

3. The method for remotely sensing and monitoring the variation of the stored water in the reservoir without the support of the ground hydrological data according to claim 1, wherein the second step is specifically as follows: and manually interpreting by using GIS software, and delineating a water body pattern spot vector on each remote sensing image so as to obtain the area of the water body at each time point.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of remote sensing image application, and particularly relates to a reservoir water storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without support of ground hydrological data.

Background

The reservoirs and lakes are the main existing forms of surface water bodies, are a natural complex and an economic complex, have various functions such as river runoff regulation, flood control, water supply, irrigation, power generation, cultivation, shipping, travel, environmental improvement and the like, and have important social, economic and ecological significance.

According to the statistics of data of the water conservancy department, in 2017, 98795 reservoirs of various types of reservoirs are built in China, and the total storage capacity reaches 9035 billionths of cubic meters. However, most of small and medium-sized reservoirs in China lack direct and objective hydrological monitoring equipment and do not have ground hydrological data conditions, so that difficulties are brought to local water resource scheduling and management. Meanwhile, hydroelectric power generation has the advantages of being renewable, adjustable, clean and the like, the hydraulic power generation amount accounts for 19% of the total power generation amount all over the world at present, and 62 countries depend on hydropower to provide more than 40% of energy sources for the hydropower generation amount. The reservoir water storage variation can visually reflect the operation state of the hydropower station, and indirectly reflect the local power supply condition. Meanwhile, the reservoir can guarantee flood control safety, water supply safety, grain safety and ecological safety by adjusting the water storage amount, but near-real-time reservoir water storage amount change information cannot be shared among countries in the international basin, particularly among developing countries. Therefore, the method has important significance for timely grasping the change of the water storage capacity of the global reservoir.

The satellite remote sensing information has the characteristics of periodicity, macroscopicity, instantaneity and the like, so that the remote sensing technology is used for monitoring reservoir water resources, and the advantages of rapidness, synchronous comparison, instantaneity and the like are achieved. The traditional method for finding the reservoir capacity of the reservoir depends on surveying and mapping means, forms a map on the water bottom, combines the water level to synthesize three-dimensional information, and calculates the reservoir capacity to generate a reservoir capacity curve. And subsequently, acquiring the water level of the reservoir at a certain moment through ground hydrological equipment, and calculating the actual reservoir capacity by utilizing the inherent 'reservoir capacity curve' of the reservoir. The reservoir capacity monitoring method based on remote sensing mainly utilizes ground hydrological observation data and satellite remote sensing images to calculate reservoir area and elevation data, and completes reservoir capacity measurement and calculation by establishing an area-reservoir capacity model.

The two methods need to acquire hydrological information on the ground, and for the condition of lacking hydrological observation data, the storage capacity is difficult to obtain and the reservoir water storage variation is calculated.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly aims to provide a method for monitoring reservoir water storage variation, which accurately extracts water volume variation in two time periods of a reservoir by using a satellite remote sensing image and DEM data under the condition of no ground hydrological data; in particular to a reservoir storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without the support of ground hydrological data.

The method comprises the following steps:

the method comprises the steps of firstly, detecting a certain monitoring reservoir by using an optical remote sensing satellite and a synthetic aperture radar remote sensing satellite, obtaining a plurality of monitoring images, and respectively processing each image.

Atmospheric correction and orthorectification processing are carried out on a remote sensing image acquired by an optical remote sensing satellite;

and performing orthorectification processing on the remote sensing image acquired by the radar remote sensing satellite.

Step two, extracting the water body area S of the reservoir by utilizing a GIS technology in the processed remote sensing image_RS。

The method specifically comprises the following steps: and manually interpreting by using GIS software, and delineating a water body pattern spot vector on each remote sensing image so as to obtain the area of the water body at each time point.

And thirdly, acquiring digital elevation model DEM data in the corresponding area range according to the longitude and latitude positions of the reservoir.

And fourthly, cutting the DEM data according to the reservoir area range to ensure that the DEM data completely covers the reservoir area range.

And fifthly, reading the maximum value and the minimum value of the DEM data, and calculating an elevation difference value according to an interval of 1 meter by taking the elevation minimum value as a reference so as to be used as an interval of the effective water level value.

And sixthly, inputting each effective water level value in the interval by adopting Arcmap software, and calculating the inundation area corresponding to each water level value by utilizing a GIS technology, namely the water area S.

The value range of the water area S is to cover the reservoir water area S extracted by the remote sensing image_RSA range of values.

And seventhly, carrying out second-order fitting on different water level values and corresponding water area S by using Matlab software, and solving a second-order coefficient according to a fitted quadratic function.

The second order fit has the functional relationship: s ═ a × h²+b*h+c

a. b and c are second-order coefficients respectively; h is the determined effective water level value.

Step eight, selecting two time phases corresponding to the remote sensing number according to the prismoid model and the requirement, and respectively extracting the corresponding reservoir area S of the remote sensing image_RS1And S_RS2Calculating the water volume between the water levels of the two time phases, namely the change value V of the water storage capacity of the reservoir between the two time phases;

the calculation formula is as follows:

the invention has the advantages that:

1) the reservoir storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without the support of the ground hydrological data constructs a mathematical model relation between reservoir storage variation and water area based on satellite remote sensing images and DEM data, and obtains the variation condition of the reservoir storage variation in two corresponding times of the remote sensing images by measuring the reservoir water area in the remote sensing images, thereby breaking through the limitation of the prior art depending on the ground hydrological data and fully playing the advantages of the remote sensing data.

2) The remote sensing monitoring method for the variation of the stored water of the reservoir without the support of the ground hydrological data can quickly realize the monitoring and analysis of the variation of the water quantity of main water bodies in the world, thereby acquiring the water resource condition of each country, and has important significance for mastering strategic information of agricultural production, flood/drought disasters, water power supply and the like of each country.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a reservoir storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without support of ground hydrological data according to the invention;

FIG. 2 is a comparison graph of the calculation results of the method of the present invention for Zhejiang Lianghui reservoir and the actual results of the variation in water storage of the hydrological data of Zhejiang Lianghui reservoir.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.

The invention relates to a reservoir water storage variation remote sensing monitoring method without ground hydrological data support, which comprises the following steps of:

the method comprises the following steps: and detecting a certain monitoring reservoir by using an optical remote sensing satellite and a synthetic aperture radar remote sensing satellite to obtain a plurality of monitoring images, and respectively processing each image.

According to the characteristics of the current remote sensing satellite data, the data acquisition time and other conditions, the remote sensing data source is reasonably selected by combining the monitoring requirement and the remote sensing data cost, and the data of the satellite single imaging is required to be capable of fully covering the reservoir monitoring range.

The remote sensing data source comprises optical remote sensing satellite and synthetic aperture radar remote sensing satellite data.

According to the obtained remote sensing data product grade, processing the remote sensing data: the method mainly comprises the steps of carrying out atmospheric correction and orthorectification on remote sensing images acquired by the optical remote sensing satellite, and carrying out orthorectification on the remote sensing images acquired by the radar remote sensing satellite.

Step two, extracting the water body area S of the reservoir by utilizing a GIS technology in the processed remote sensing image_RS。

And manually interpreting by directly utilizing GIS software, and drawing a water body pattern spot vector on each remote sensing image so as to obtain the area of the water body. Under the condition of large remote sensing data volume, the automatic classification processing of the water body can be carried out by the aid of a computer, and then manual operation is carried out. Generally, a normalized water body index NDWI is adopted for a multi-spectrum optical remote sensing image to carry out water body extraction; extracting the water body from the synthetic aperture radar remote sensing image by adopting a threshold segmentation method; the multi-polarization synthetic aperture radar remote sensing image can also adopt a polarization segmentation method to extract the water body.

And thirdly, acquiring digital elevation model DEM data in the corresponding area range according to the longitude and latitude positions of the reservoir.

The acquired data includes: 30-meter elevation data of a spacecraft radar terrain mapping mission SRTM (shuttleRadar Topographic mission) published by NASA or 30-meter elevation data of ALOS World 3D published by Japan can be adopted, and other DEM data with higher precision can also be adopted.

And step four, cutting the DEM data according to the monitoring reservoir area range to ensure that the DEM data completely covers the monitoring reservoir area range.

And fifthly, reading the maximum value and the minimum value of the DEM data, and calculating an elevation difference value h, namely a water level value, according to an interval of 1 meter by taking the elevation minimum value as a reference.

The value range of the effective water level value is selected according to the data conditions of the reservoir and the cut DEM, the minimum value of the water level is 5-10 meters generally, and the maximum value of the water level is smaller than the difference between the maximum value and the minimum value of the DEM by more than 10 meters.

And step six, inputting each effective water level value in the interval by adopting an area and volume statistical tool in Arcmap software based on DEM data, and calculating the submerged area corresponding to each water level value by utilizing a GIS technology, namely the water area S.

The value range of the fitted water area S is to cover the reservoir water area S extracted by the remote sensing image_RSA range of values.

And seventhly, performing second-order fitting on different water level values and corresponding water body areas S by using a polyfit function in Matlab software, and solving second-order coefficients a, b and c according to the fitted quadratic function.

Establishing a quadratic function relation between the water level value h and the corresponding water area S: s ═ a × h²+b*h+c。

Solving a quadratic equation according to the functional relation to obtainAnd determining the correct solution of h relative to S according to the effective water level value interval.

Step eight, selecting two time phases corresponding to the remote sensing number according to the prismoid model and the requirement, and respectively extracting the reservoir area S of the remote sensing image corresponding to the two time phases_RS1And S_RS2And calculating the water volume between the water levels of the two time phases, namely the change value V of the water storage capacity of the two time phases of the reservoir: