阅读说明：本技术 切削工具和用于操作切削工具的方法 (Cutting tool and method for operating a cutting tool ) 是由 H·P·斯潘尼奥尔 T·迈瓦尔德 T·芬肯 于 2018-04-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：首先公开了一种用于操作切削工具的方法,所述切削工具具有围绕纵向轴线(2)旋转的剪切圆筒、安装在剪切圆筒上的剪切螺旋(13)以及下刀片架,所述下刀片架承载平行于纵向轴线(2)延伸的下刀片,其中,测量切削工具的状态,并且其中,在每个剪切螺旋(13)上剪切点连续地从下刀片的入口端(6)移动到出口端(7),在所述剪切点(16)中,与剪切圆筒相切地剪断在剪切螺旋(13)和下刀片之间引导的切削材料。此外,公开了这种切削工具(1)。为了评价切削工具的操作状态,提出了测量下刀片和下刀片架之间的状态。(Firstly, a method for operating a cutting tool is disclosed, having a shear cylinder rotating about a longitudinal axis (2), a shear screw (13) mounted on the shear cylinder, and a lower blade holder carrying a lower blade extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (2), wherein the condition of the cutting tool is measured, and wherein on each shear screw (13) a shear point is continuously moved from an inlet end (6) to an outlet end (7) of the lower blade, in which shear point (16) cut material guided between the shear screw (13) and the lower blade is sheared tangentially to the shear cylinder. Furthermore, such a cutting tool (1) is disclosed. In order to evaluate the operating state of the cutting tool, it is proposed to measure the state between the lower insert and the lower insert holder.)

1. A method for operating a cutting tool (1) having a shear cylinder (3) rotating about a longitudinal axis (2), a shear screw (13) mounted on the shear cylinder (3), and a lower blade holder (4), the lower blade carrier carrying a lower blade (5) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (2), wherein the state of the cutting tool (1) is measured and wherein the shearing point (16) on each shearing helix (13) is continuously moved from the inlet end (6) to the outlet end (7) of the lower blade (5), in the shearing point, the material to be cut guided between the shearing screw (13) and the lower blade (5) is sheared off tangentially to the shearing cylinder (3), characterized in that the state between the lower blade (5) and the lower blade holder (4) is measured.

2. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said measurement comprises a vibration measurement.

3. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the vibration at the inlet end (6) is measured.

4. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the measurement comprises a temperature measurement.

5. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the temperature at the outlet end (7) is measured.

6. The method of any preceding claim, wherein the measurement comprises a force measurement.

7. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the inlet end (6), the outlet end (7) and the force between the inlet end (6) and the outlet end (7) are measured.

8. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measured state is transmitted to an evaluation device.

9. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said status is transmitted wirelessly.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the evaluation device evaluates the state and creates instructions to change the geometrical position of the shearing cylinder (3) and/or the lower blade.

11. Method according to the preceding claim, characterized in that said position is changed automatically.

12. Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive torque for rotating the shear cylinder (3) is measured and included in the evaluation.

13. A cutting tool (1) having a carrier, a shear cylinder (3) rotatable on the carrier about a longitudinal axis (2), a shear screw (13) mounted on the shear cylinder (3), and a lower blade holder (4) carrying a lower blade (5) extending parallel to the longitudinal axis (2) and having measuring elements for measuring the condition of the cutting tool (1), wherein during rotation of the shear cylinder (3) a shear point (16) on each shear screw (13) is continuously moved from an inlet end (6) of the lower blade (5) to an outlet end (7) of the lower blade (5) in which material to be cut guided between the shear screw (13) and the lower blade (5) is sheared tangentially to the shear cylinder (3), characterized in that the measuring element is arranged between the lower blade (5) and the lower blade holder (4).

14. The cutting tool (1) according to the preceding claim, wherein the measuring element is mounted on the lower blade holder (4).

Technical Field

The invention relates firstly to a method for operating a cutting tool having a shear cylinder rotating about a longitudinal axis, a shear screw mounted on the shear cylinder, and a lower blade holder carrying a lower blade extending parallel to the longitudinal axis, wherein the state of the cutting tool is measured, and wherein a shear point on each shear screw, in which material to be cut guided between the shear screw and the lower blade is sheared tangentially to the shear cylinder, is moved continuously from an inlet end to an outlet end of the lower blade. Furthermore, the invention relates to such a cutting tool.

Background

The method and the cutting tool are used for cutting the surface of flat objects such as textiles, carpets, pelts and pelts, in particular in order to produce a uniform pile height or fiber length. A cutting tool with a helical shear screw provided on a shear cylinder is fitted as a whole into the shear. During operation of the shear, a shear cylinder with a shear screw rotates tangentially to the bottom blade. The shear screw extends above the cutting edge of the lower blade and forms a continuous shear cut along the cutting path on the lower edge. The flat articles are guided by the cutting table of the shearing machine onto the cutting edge in such a way that the fibre fraction exceeding the required pile height is guided between the cutting screw and the bottom blade and is separated.

In the known method, the operating state of the cutting tool is basically judged by the operator on the basis of the characteristic operating noise of the cut sample, the guide rail, which is produced by the cooperation of the shearing cylinder and the lower blade, and the shear. The operator typically makes corrections manually, and in particular, the position of the lower blade relative to the shear cylinder is adjusted by tightening a clamp plate, set screw, or other mechanical adjustment means.

WO 95/31596A 1, US 5,379,497 a and US 3,941,986A propose measuring the height of the cutting gap between the lower blade and the shear cylinder on the cutting tool and adjusting the height according to the measurement result.

As background to the invention, EP 1798011 a1 proposes measuring the pressing force, the distance or the temperature and the change in position acting between the cutting roller and the pressure roller in a rotary cutting machine. EP 1442652B 1 and EP 1080629B 1 propose measuring the vibrations of the lower blade or the current flowing through the cutting gap as a result of sparks on the shredder, determining the height of the cutting gap and, if necessary, readjusting it. EP 0172467 a2 proposes measuring the height of the cutting gap on the harvester by means of a proximity sensor.

Scientific research relates to the temperature of the bottom blade and the sound emission of the cutting machine.

Disclosure of Invention

Purpose(s) to

The object of the invention is to measure the operating state of a cutting tool.

Solution scheme

Proceeding from the known method, it is proposed according to the invention to measure the state between the lower blade and the lower blade holder. Between the lower blade and the lower blade holder, the measuring element is on the one hand very close to the shearing point between the lower blade and the shearing cylinder, i.e. very close to the position of the cutting tool which is most important and sensitive for evaluating the operating state, but on the other hand is separate from all movable components and the planar article and is free from influences during operation of the shear.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the measuring comprises vibration measuring. During the shearing operation, the mechanical sliding of the shearing screw on the lower blade generates vibrations that continue to occur in the components of the cutting tool. Such vibrations are the cause of characteristic noise, which is used by the operator in the prior art to evaluate the operating state.

The balance mass of the shear cylinder, the number of spirals, and its cutting characteristics on the shear cylinder can be determined from the vibration pattern. Furthermore, before other damage occurs on the cutting tool, an operation critical state, such as a loose shear screw, can be identified as early as possible from the characteristic vibration pattern.

Further preferably, in such a method according to the invention, the vibration at the inlet end is measured. The end of the bottom blade in the longitudinal direction of the shearing cylinder, at which the shearing screw interacts for the first time with the bottom blade in operation, is referred to as the entry end. By contacting the lower blade, the shear helix is particularly susceptible to breaking at this location.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the measurement comprises a temperature measurement. During operation of the shear, the lower blade is heated due to friction at the shear point between the lower blade and the shear screw. Temperatures well above 100 ℃ can occur, which can damage the planar article and damage the lower blade. Thus, temperature is an important characteristic of a cutting tool that performs optimally. In particular, excessive temperatures occur on the bottom knifes due to excessively high contact pressures between the bottom knifes and the shearing screw, excessively wide running rails of the shearing screw on the bottom knifes, lack of or lack of lubrication of the contact lines on the bottom knifes, and excessively high cutting speeds on the shearing cylinder.

Further preferably, in such a method according to the invention, the temperature at the outlet end is measured. In this position, there will first be a lack of lubrication.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the measurement comprises a force measurement. By means of the pressure between the lower blade and the lower blade holder, a static misalignment in the position of the shearing cylinder relative to the lower blade is identified, the deviation of the longitudinal axis of the shearing cylinder horizontally or vertically from a parallel position relative to the cutting path. The measurement of the pressure simplifies the adjustment work during the first operation, maintenance, service and re-operation after maintenance and machine stoppage.

The dynamic measurement of the pressure enables an evaluation of the state of the cutting tool during continuous operation. Combined from temperature change, solid sound

And the measured values in the torque, it is possible to determine accurate data about the cutting behaviour up to the service requirements.

Further preferably, in such a method according to the invention, the inlet end, the outlet end and the force between the inlet end and the outlet end are measured. The combination of these three measurements determines the parallelism of the shear cylinder and the lower blade and the curvature of the cutting path. By measuring the force at another location, the condition of the cutting tool can be described more accurately.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the measured state is transmitted to an evaluation device. The transmission to a common evaluation device allows the correlation of the different measured values, the storage of the measured values and thus the analysis of the time progression and the prediction.

Further preferably, in such a method according to the invention, the status is transmitted wirelessly in an analog or digital manner. In particular, wireless transmission to a central server via a wireless mobile communication network allows the use of infrastructure which is widely covered in industrial countries.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the evaluation device also evaluates the state and creates instructions to change the geometrical position of the shearing cylinder and/or the lower blade. The current measurement data and the operating instructions for the operator obtained therefrom can be compiled for output on the screen of the machine control device. From the measurement data, static and dynamic operating states can be described and visualized.

Further preferably, in such a method according to the invention, the position is changed automatically. The machine control device can use these measurement data to adjust to a defined desired state and keep the operation of the machine within specified limits.

Preferably, in the method according to the invention, the drive torque for rotating the shear cylinder is measured and included in the evaluation. In conventional shears, the shear cylinder is driven by an electric motor. The drive power is controlled or regulated by an inverter, which typically detects, records, and further processes deviations or fluctuations in power demand. These data can be read quickly and simply by means of hardware and software interfaces and, in particular in combination with the aforementioned vibration states, temperatures and pressure measurements between the lower blade and the lower blade carrier, allow rich conclusions about the operating state.

Starting from the known cutting tool, it is proposed according to the invention that a measuring element is arranged between the lower blade and the lower blade holder. The cutting tool according to the invention achieves the implementation of the method according to the invention and is characterized by the same advantages as described above.

Preferably, in the cutting tool according to the present invention, the measuring element is mounted on the lower blade holder. As long as the lower blade holder is made of machine steel, the mounting of the measuring element on the lower blade holder is at a significantly lower cost than on the hardened lower blade.

The method according to the invention and the cutting tool according to the invention simplify the first run and the machine restart after the execution of maintenance, servicing, repair and service measures, enable static and dynamic condition monitoring and optimization of cutting parameters and cutting performance, and enable static and dynamic damage prevention and collision or accident monitoring.

Drawings

The invention is illustrated below with reference to examples. The figures show:

FIG. 1 shows a cutting tool of the present invention, and

fig. 2 is a detailed view of the cutting tool.

Detailed Description

The cutting tool 1 according to the invention shown in fig. 1 has a longitudinal axis 2, a shear cylinder 3, a lower blade holder 4 with a lower blade 5. The shearing cylinder 3 is mounted on the inlet end 6 and the outlet end 7 in a bearing block, not shown, so as to be rotatable about the longitudinal axis 2 by means of oscillating bearings 8.

The lower blade holder 4 has twelve boreholes 9 into which pressure sensors 10 are respectively inserted. The pressure sensors 10 bear against the lower blade 5 and measure the pressure acting between the lower blade 5 and the lower blade holder 4, respectively.

The lower blade 5 has an acceleration sensor 11 at the inlet end 6 and a temperature sensor 12 at the outlet end 7. The acceleration sensor 11 measures the vibration of the cutting tool 1, and the temperature sensor 12 measures the temperature of the cutting tool 1.

Twenty-four helical shear screws 13 are fixed on the shear cylinder 3 on the inlet end 6 and the outlet end 7, respectively, by means of tension screws (Plette)14, which are fixed by means of side plates 15.

In operation of the cutting tool 1, the shearing cylinder 3 together with the shearing screw 13 is rotated about the longitudinal axis 2 in such a way that the shearing point 16, in which the shearing screw 13 contacts the lower blade 5, is continuously moved from the inlet end 6 to the outlet end 7.

On the basis of the values measured by the pressure sensor 10, the acceleration sensor 11 and the temperature sensor 12, and on the basis of the drive torque and the rotational speed of the shearing cylinder 3, the state of the cutting tool 1 in static and dynamic operation is obtained and stored in a machine control device, from which it is transmitted to a server via a wireless mobile communication network and interpreted there by means of an expert system. The machine control device, the wireless mobile communication network and the server are not shown.

Based on the interpretation of the state values, the expert system finds adjustment parameters for optimizing the cutting power and the overall state of the cutting tool 1 and transmits them back to the machine control. The machine control automatically changes the rotational speed of the shearing cylinder 3, the geometric position of the shearing cylinder 3 and/or the lower blade 5 depending on the adjustment parameters.

List of reference numerals:

1 cutting tool

2 longitudinal axis

3 shearing cylinder

4 lower blade holder

5 lower blade

6 inlet end

7 outlet end

8 oscillating bearing

9 drilling

10 pressure sensor

11 acceleration sensor

12 temperature sensor

13 shear screw

14 stretching screw

15 side plate

16 shear point