Turbine blade and gas turbine
阅读说明:本技术 涡轮叶片及燃气涡轮 (Turbine blade and gas turbine ) 是由 辻良史 伊藤竜太 大友宏之 羽田哲 若园进 于 2018-07-04 设计创作,主要内容包括:涡轮叶片具备:叶片部;冷却通路,其在所述叶片部的内部沿着叶片高度方向延伸;以及多个冷却孔,它们以沿着所述叶片高度方向排列的方式形成于所述叶片部的后缘部,并与所述冷却通路连通且在所述后缘部中的所述叶片部的表面开口,在将包括所述叶片高度方向上的所述叶片部的第一端与第二端之间的中间位置的中央区域中的表示所述冷却孔的开口密度的指标设为d_mid,将在所述叶片高度方向上位于比所述中央区域更靠所述冷却通路内的冷却介质流的上游侧的区域中的所述指标设为d_up,将在所述叶片高度方向上位于比所述中央区域更靠所述冷却介质流的下游侧的区域中的所述指标设为d_down时,满足d_up<d_mid<d_down的关系。(The turbine blade is provided with: a blade section; a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and a plurality of cooling holes that are formed in a trailing edge portion of the blade portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction, that communicate with the cooling passage, and that are open to a surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion, wherein a relationship of d _ up < d _ down is satisfied when an index indicating an opening density of the cooling holes in a central region including an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is d _ mid, the index in a region located on an upstream side of a flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage in the blade height direction is d _ up, and the index in a region located on a downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in the central region in the blade height direction is d _ down.)
1. A turbine blade wherein, in the turbine blade,
the turbine blade is provided with:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion of the blade portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction, communicating with the cooling passage, and opening in the surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and that has an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes that is d _ mid and is constant;
an upstream region that is located upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage in the blade height direction than the central region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ up and is constant; and
a downstream region located on a downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium from the central region in the blade height direction, and having a constant index d _ down representing an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes,
the relation of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down is satisfied.
2. A turbine blade wherein, in the turbine blade,
the turbine blade is provided with:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction and convectively cool a trailing edge portion of the blade portion, the cooling holes communicating with the cooling passage and penetrating the trailing edge portion to be opened on a trailing edge surface,
an index indicating an opening density of the cooling holes in a central region including an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is set to d _ mid,
d _ up is the index in a region located on an upstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage from the central region in the blade height direction,
when the index in a region located further downstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the center region in the blade height direction is d _ down,
satisfies the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid, and,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and that has an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes that is d _ mid and is constant;
an upstream-most region that is located upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage in the blade height direction than the central region and upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ up and is constant; and
and a downstream-most region that is located further downstream of the flow of the cooling medium than the central region in the blade height direction and that is located furthest downstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ down and is constant.
3. A turbine blade is provided with:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion of the blade portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction, communicating with the cooling passage, and opening in the surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the turbine blades are the moving blades of a turbine,
when an index indicating the opening density of the cooling hole in a central region including an intermediate position between a tip end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is d _ mid, the index in a region located closer to the tip end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ tip, and the index in a region located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ root,
satisfies the relation of d _ tip < d _ mid < d _ root, and,
the indexes D _ tip, D _ mid, and D _ root indicating the opening density are ratios D/P of a through hole diameter D of the cooling holes provided so as to penetrate the trailing edge portion and a pitch P between the cooling holes adjacent in the blade height direction,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a leading end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ mid and is constant;
a tip-side region that is located closer to the tip side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is closest to the tip in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ tip and is constant; and
and a base end side region that is located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is the closest to the base end in the formation region, and in which an index that indicates an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ root and is constant.
4. A turbine blade is provided with:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction and convectively cool a trailing edge portion of the blade portion, the cooling holes communicating with the cooling passage and penetrating the trailing edge portion to be opened on a trailing edge surface,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the turbine blades are the moving blades of a turbine,
when an index indicating the opening density of the cooling hole in a central region including an intermediate position between a tip end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is d _ mid, the index in a region located closer to the tip end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ tip, and the index in a region located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ root,
satisfies the relation of d _ tip < d _ root < d _ mid, and,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a leading end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ mid and is constant;
a tip-side region that is located closer to the tip side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is closest to the tip in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ tip and is constant; and
and a base end side region that is located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is the closest to the base end in the formation region, and in which an index that indicates an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ root and is constant.
5. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-4,
the central region includes a plurality of cooling holes of the same diameter,
a tip-side region located on a tip side of the blade portion than the central region and a base-side region located on a base end side of the blade portion than the central region include a plurality of cooling holes having the same diameter as the cooling holes in the central region.
6. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-5,
the surface of the blade portion is an end surface of the trailing edge portion.
7. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-6,
the plurality of cooling holes are formed to have a pitch with respect to a plane orthogonal to the blade height direction.
8. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-7,
the plurality of cooling holes are formed in parallel with each other.
9. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-8,
the cooling passage is a final path in a curved flow path formed inside the blade portion.
10. The turbine blade of any one of claims 1-9,
the turbine blades are the moving blades of a turbine,
an outlet opening of the cooling passage is formed at a tip end side of the blade portion.
11. The turbine blade of claim 1 or 2,
the turbine blades are stationary blades and vanes,
an outlet opening of the cooling passage is formed on an inner shroud side of the blade portion.
12. A gas turbine, wherein,
the gas turbine is provided with:
the turbine blade of any one of claims 1 to 11; and
and a combustor for generating combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path provided with the turbine blade.
Technical Field
The present disclosure relates to turbine blades and gas turbines.
Background
In a turbine blade of a gas turbine or the like, it is known that a cooling medium is flowed into a cooling passage formed inside the turbine blade to cool the turbine blade exposed to a high-temperature airflow or the like.
For example,
Prior art documents
Patent document
Patent document 1: japanese laid-open patent publication No. 2004-225690
Disclosure of Invention
Problems to be solved by the invention
However, according to the research of the inventors of the present application, a temperature distribution and/or a pressure distribution may be generated in a cooling passage formed inside the turbine blade. Therefore, it is considered that the blade can be cooled more effectively by performing cooling corresponding to the temperature distribution and/or the pressure distribution in the cooling passage.
However,
In view of the above, an object of at least one embodiment of the present invention is to provide a turbine blade and a gas turbine that can efficiently cool the turbine blade.
Means for solving the problems
(1) A turbine blade according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion of the blade portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction, communicating with the cooling passage, and opening in the surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and that has an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes that is d _ mid and is constant;
an upstream region that is located upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage in the blade height direction than the central region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ up and is constant; and
a downstream region located on a downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium from the central region in the blade height direction, and having a constant index d _ down representing an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes,
the relation of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down is satisfied.
In the cooling passages formed in the blade portions, the cooling medium flows while cooling the blade portions, and therefore, a temperature distribution may be formed in which the temperature increases toward the downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium. In this regard, in the configuration of the above (1), since the opening density of the cooling holes is made greater at the downstream side than at the more upstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes can be increased at the downstream side where the temperature of the cooling medium is relatively high. This enables the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade to be appropriately cooled in accordance with the temperature distribution of the cooling passage.
(2) A turbine blade according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction and convectively cool a trailing edge portion of the blade portion, the cooling holes communicating with the cooling passage and penetrating the trailing edge portion to be opened on a trailing edge surface,
an index indicating an opening density of the cooling holes in a central region including an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is set to d _ mid,
d _ up is the index in a region located on an upstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage from the central region in the blade height direction,
when the index in a region located further downstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the center region in the blade height direction is d _ down,
satisfies the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid, and,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a first end and a second end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and that has an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes that is d _ mid and is constant;
an upstream-most region that is located upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage in the blade height direction than the central region and upstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ up and is constant; and
and a downstream-most region that is located further downstream of the flow of the cooling medium than the central region in the blade height direction and that is located furthest downstream of the flow of the cooling medium in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ down and is constant.
The temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path in which the turbine blades are arranged tends to be higher in the central region than in regions on both end portions (first end and second end) sides of the blade portion in the blade height direction. On the other hand, in the cooling passages formed in the blade portion, the cooling medium flows while cooling the blade portion, and therefore, a temperature distribution may be formed in which the temperature increases toward the downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium. In such a case, in order to appropriately cool the trailing edge portion, it is desirable that the flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes be maximized in the center region in the blade height direction, and that the flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes be larger in a region located on the downstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in the cooling passage than in a region located on the upstream side.
In this regard, according to the configuration of the above (2), since the opening density of the cooling holes in the central region is made greater than the opening densities of the cooling holes in the region located on the upstream side (upstream side region) and the region located on the downstream side (downstream side region) of the central region, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes can be increased in the central region where the temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path is relatively high. In the configuration of the above (2), since the opening density of the cooling holes in the downstream region is made greater than that in the upstream region, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes can be increased in the downstream region where the temperature of the cooling medium is higher than that in the upstream region. In this way, the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled in accordance with the temperature distribution of the cooling passage.
(3) A turbine blade according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion of the blade portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction, communicating with the cooling passage, and opening in the surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the turbine blades are the moving blades of a turbine,
when an index indicating the opening density of the cooling hole in a central region including an intermediate position between a tip end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is d _ mid, the index in a region located closer to the tip end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ tip, and the index in a region located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ root,
satisfies the relation of d _ tip < d _ mid < d _ root, and,
the indexes D _ tip, D _ mid, and D _ root indicating the opening density are ratios D/P of a through hole diameter D of the cooling holes provided so as to penetrate the trailing edge portion and a pitch P between the cooling holes adjacent in the blade height direction,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a leading end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ mid and is constant;
a tip-side region that is located closer to the tip side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is closest to the tip in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ tip and is constant; and
and a base end side region that is located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is the closest to the base end in the formation region, and in which an index that indicates an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ root and is constant.
During operation of the turbine, centrifugal force acts on the cooling medium in the cooling passage formed inside the blade portion of the blade, and therefore a pressure distribution in which the pressure increases toward the tip end side of the blade portion may be formed in the cooling passage. In this regard, in the configuration of the above (3), since the opening density of the cooling holes at the position on the tip end side of the blade portion is made smaller than that at the position on the more base end side, even when the above-described pressure distribution is present, it is possible to reduce the variation in the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes in the blade height direction. This enables the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade to be appropriately cooled in accordance with the pressure distribution of the cooling passage.
(4) A turbine blade according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes:
a blade section;
a cooling passage extending in a blade height direction inside the blade portion; and
a plurality of cooling holes formed in the trailing edge portion so as to be aligned in the blade height direction and convectively cool a trailing edge portion of the blade portion, the cooling holes communicating with the cooling passage and penetrating the trailing edge portion to be opened on a trailing edge surface,
wherein the content of the first and second substances,
the turbine blades are the moving blades of a turbine,
when an index indicating the opening density of the cooling hole in a central region including an intermediate position between a tip end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction is d _ mid, the index in a region located closer to the tip end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ tip, and the index in a region located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction is d _ root,
satisfies the relation of d _ tip < d _ root < d _ mid, and,
the forming region of the plurality of cooling holes in the trailing edge portion includes:
a central region that includes an intermediate position between a leading end and a base end of the blade portion in the blade height direction, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ mid and is constant;
a tip-side region that is located closer to the tip side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is closest to the tip in the formation region, and in which an index indicating an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ tip and is constant; and
and a base end side region that is located closer to the base end side than the central region in the blade height direction and that is the closest to the base end in the formation region, and in which an index that indicates an opening density of the plurality of cooling holes is d _ root and is constant.
The temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path in which the blades (turbine blades) are arranged tends to be higher in the central region than the regions on the sides of both end portions (tip and base ends) of the blade portion in the blade height direction. On the other hand, during operation of the turbine, centrifugal force acts on the cooling medium in the cooling passage formed inside the blade portion of the blade, and therefore a pressure distribution in which the pressure increases toward the tip end side of the blade portion may be formed in the cooling passage. In such a case, in order to appropriately cool the trailing edge portion, it is desirable to maximize the flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes in the center region in the blade height direction and to reduce the variation in the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes in the region located on the leading end side and the region located on the base end side in the blade height direction.
In this regard, according to the configuration of the above (4), since the opening density of the cooling holes in the central region is made greater than the opening densities of the cooling holes in the region located on the tip side (tip side region) and the region located on the base end side (base end side region) with respect to the central region, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes can be increased in the central region where the temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path is relatively high. In the configuration of the above (4), since the opening density of the cooling holes in the tip side region is made smaller than that in the base side region, even when the pressure distribution is present, it is possible to reduce the variation in the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes in the tip side region and the base side region. In this way, the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled in correspondence with the pressure distribution of the cooling passage.
(5) In several embodiments, based on any one of the above structures (1) to (4), the central region includes a plurality of cooling holes having the same diameter,
a tip-side region located on a tip side of the blade portion than the central region and a base-side region located on a base end side of the blade portion than the central region include a plurality of cooling holes having the same diameter as the cooling holes in the central region.
(6) In some embodiments, in addition to any one of the configurations (1) to (5), the surface of the blade portion is an end surface of the trailing edge portion.
(7) In several embodiments, in addition to any one of the structures (1) to (6) above, the plurality of cooling holes are formed to have a pitch with respect to a plane orthogonal to the blade height direction.
According to the configuration of the above (7), since the plurality of cooling holes are formed to have a slope with respect to the plane orthogonal to the blade height direction, the cooling holes can be made longer than in the case where the cooling holes are formed to be parallel to the plane orthogonal to the blade height direction. This enables the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade to be cooled efficiently.
(8) In some embodiments, in addition to any one of the above structures (1) to (7), the plurality of cooling holes are formed in parallel with each other.
According to the configuration of the above (8), since the plurality of cooling holes are formed in parallel with each other, more cooling holes can be formed in the blade portion than in the case where the plurality of cooling holes are not parallel with each other. This enables the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade to be cooled efficiently.
(9) In some embodiments, in addition to any one of the configurations (1) to (8), the cooling passage is a final path in a curved flow path formed inside the blade portion.
According to the configuration of the above (9), the plurality of cooling holes communicating with the final path of the curved flow path are opened to the surface of the blade portion in the trailing edge portion, whereby the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled.
(10) In several embodiments, in addition to any one of the above structures (1) to (9), the turbine blade is a moving blade,
an outlet opening of the cooling passage is formed at a tip end side of the blade portion.
According to the configuration of the above (10), since the turbine blade as the turbine blade has any one of the configurations (1) to (9), the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade as the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled.
(11) In several embodiments, in the structure according to any one of (1) or (2), the turbine blade is a stationary blade,
an outlet opening of the cooling passage is formed on an inner shroud side of the blade portion.
According to the configuration of the above (11), since the vane as the turbine blade has the configuration of the above (1) or (2), the trailing edge portion of the vane as the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled.
(12) A gas turbine according to at least one embodiment of the present invention includes:
the turbine blade of any one of (1) to (11) above; and
and a combustor for generating combustion gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path provided with the turbine blade.
According to the configuration of (12) above, since the turbine blade has any one of the configurations of (1) to (11) above, the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade can be appropriately cooled.
Effects of the invention
According to at least one embodiment of the present invention, there are provided a turbine blade and a gas turbine capable of effectively cooling the turbine blade.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine to which a turbine blade according to an embodiment is applied.
FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of a blade of a turbine blade according to an embodiment
Fig. 3 is a III-III section of the bucket (turbine blade) shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the bucket (turbine blade) shown in fig. 2.
Fig. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a vane of a turbine blade as an embodiment.
Fig. 6 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the rotor blade (turbine blade) according to the embodiment.
Fig. 7 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the rotor blade (turbine blade) according to the embodiment.
Fig. 8 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the rotor blade (turbine blade) according to the embodiment.
Fig. 9 is a graph showing an example of the temperature distribution of the combustion gas in the blade height direction.
Fig. 10 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the stationary blade (turbine blade) in the embodiment.
Fig. 11 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the stationary blade (turbine blade) in the embodiment.
Fig. 12 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the stationary blade (turbine blade) in the embodiment.
Fig. 13 is a graph showing an example of the temperature distribution of the combustion gas in the blade height direction.
Fig. 14 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the rotor blade (turbine blade) according to the embodiment.
Fig. 15 is a graph showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing edge portion of the rotor blade (turbine blade) according to the embodiment.
Fig. 16 is a sectional view along the blade height direction at the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade of the embodiment.
Fig. 17 is a view of the trailing edge portion of the turbine blade according to the embodiment, as viewed in a direction from the trailing edge toward the leading edge of the blade.
Fig. 18 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a cooling passage of a turbine blade in an embodiment.
Fig. 19 is a schematic view showing the structure of a turbulator in an embodiment.
Fig. 20A is a schematic view illustrating a turbine bucket of the basic structure of the present invention.
Fig. 20B is a diagram showing an opening density distribution of cooling holes of a conventional blade.
Fig. 20C is a diagram showing an example of the opening density distribution of the cooling holes of the basic structure of the present invention.
Fig. 20D is a diagram showing an example in which the opening density distribution of the cooling holes of the basic structure of the present invention is corrected.
Fig. 20E is a graph showing a creep limit curve.
Fig. 20F shows another example of the opening density distribution of the cooling holes of the basic structure of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Several embodiments of the present invention are described below with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described as the embodiments or shown in the drawings are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention to these, but are merely illustrative examples.
The basic idea of the present invention will be described below using a turbine blade as a representative example.
The
In the process in which the cooling medium flows in the
On the other hand, the creep strength due to the centrifugal force must be considered in the central region and the base end region of the
The examples shown in fig. 20D and 20E show an example of a case where the creep strength of the central region and the base end region is critical. In fig. 20E, a point a1 in the center region and a point B1 in the base end region are described as examples. This example shows a state where point a1 exceeds the creep limit, and point B1 shows a state where it falls within the creep limit. Whether the creep limit is reached or not is influenced by the size, wall thickness, metal temperature and the like of the blade at the corresponding position. In the case of the example shown in the present embodiment, the metal temperature needs to be lowered because the creep limit is exceeded at the position of point a1 located in the central region. That is, the opening density of the cooling holes 70 in the central region is made denser to enhance cooling, lowering the metal temperature at the point of the a2 point. On the other hand, if the opening density of the cooling holes 70 in the central region is increased, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling holes 70 in the central region may increase, and the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling holes 70 in the base end region may decrease. Therefore, when the cooling of the central region is enhanced, the metal temperature of the base end side region is increased to B2 point, and if the position of B2 point is within the creep limit as shown in fig. 20E, the opening density may be selected. The tip side region can be adjusted in the same manner. That is, if the opening density of the cooling holes 70 in the tip end side region is reduced, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling holes 70 in the tip end side region can be reduced. By reducing the flow rate of the cooling medium in the range in which the metal temperature in the front end side region does not exceed the use limit temperature, the flow rate of the cooling medium flowing through the cooling holes 70 in the central region can be increased to enhance the cooling of the central region. Fig. 20D shows an example of correcting the opening density of the
Next, when the metal temperature on the
By determining the opening density of each region based on the above consideration, damage to the blade due to oxidation thinning, creep rupture, and the like of the trailing edge portion can be avoided, and the reliability of the blade can be improved. The above description has been given taking the turbine blades as an example, but the present invention is also applicable to the turbine vane, except that the centrifugal force does not act. Next, specific embodiments of the present invention will be described.
First, a gas turbine to which the turbine blade of several embodiments is applied will be described.
Fig. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a gas turbine to which a turbine blade according to an embodiment is applied. As shown in fig. 1, a
The
The
The
The
The
In the
In some embodiments, at least one of the
Fig. 2 is a partial sectional view of the
As shown in fig. 2 and 4, a
In several embodiments, the
As shown in fig. 5, the
As shown in fig. 2 to 5, the
A
In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2 to 5, the
The
In the exemplary embodiment shown in fig. 2-5, the
When the
When the
As a cooling medium for cooling the
The shape of the
As shown in fig. 2 and 3, a plurality of cooling holes 70 are formed in the trailing edge portion 47 (including the trailing edge 46) of the
A part of the cooling medium flowing through the
The surface of the trailing
The plurality of cooling holes 70 have a non-constant, non-uniform opening density distribution in the blade height direction.
The opening density distribution of the plurality of cooling holes 70 in several embodiments will be described below.
Fig. 6 to 8, 14 and 15 are graphs each showing an example of the opening density distribution of the trailing
In the following description, "upstream side" and "downstream side" are "upstream side of the flow of the cooling medium in cooling
In several embodiments, an index (hereinafter also referred to as an opening density index) d _ mid indicating the opening density of the cooling holes 70 in a central region including an intermediate position Pm between both ends in the blade height direction, i.e., the first end and the second end of the
In some embodiments, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region, and the opening density index d _ down of the cooling holes 70 in the downstream region satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid.
In these embodiments, a case where the
First, several embodiments in which the
When the
In some embodiments, for example, as shown in the graphs of fig. 6 and 7, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm including the intermediate position Pm between the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 6, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant as the opening density index dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream side region Rup is constant as the opening density index dr at the position Pr on the
In fig. 6, with respect to each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in each region may be made uniform and constant, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region intermediate positions in each region may be d _ up, d _ mid, and d _ down, respectively, and satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down. The upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown are denoted by Pdm, Pcm, and Pum, respectively, as the region intermediate positions in the respective regions. Here, Pdm, Pcm, and Pum may be intermediate positions in the radial length between the position of the
It is desirable that the region intermediate position Pum of the upstream region Rup includes a position having a length from the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 7, the opening density of the cooling holes 70 continuously changes so as to increase from the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is a value in a range including the opening density index dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region Rup is a value equal to or greater than the opening density index dr at the position Pr on the
In the
In addition, in a part of the region of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 6 or 7, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ up, and d _ down satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down.
For example, the region in the blade height direction in the
For example, in the region of the
In some embodiments, for example, as shown in the graph of fig. 8, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region located on the upstream side (the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 8, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant at dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream side region Rup is constant at the opening density index dr (where dr < dm) at the position Pr on the
The temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 28 (see fig. 1) in which the turbine blade 26 (turbine blade 40) is arranged has a distribution such as shown in the graph of fig. 9, for example, and tends to be higher in the blade height direction in a central region including an intermediate position Pm between the
On the other hand, in the
That is, as described above, the temperature of the cooling medium increases while the cooling medium flows in the
As in the rotor blade 26 (turbine blade 40) of the above-described embodiment, by making the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm larger than the opening density indexes d _ up and d _ down of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region Rup and the downstream region Rdown, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium through the cooling holes 70 can be increased in the central region Rm where the temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion
In fig. 8, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in each region may be made uniform and constant for each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region intermediate positions in each region may be d _ up, d _ mid, and d _ down, respectively, so as to satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid. In addition, when the cooling holes 70 having different opening densities are included in each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the average opening density index in each region may satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid. Here, the consideration of the area middle position and the average opening density index in each area is as described above. The diameter D of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 8, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ up, and d _ down satisfy the relationship d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid.
For example, the
For example, in the region of the
Next, several embodiments in which the
When the
In some embodiments, as shown in the graphs of fig. 10 and 11, for example, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region of the intermediate position Pm between the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 10, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant as the opening density index dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream side region Rup is constant as the opening density index do at the position Po on the outer side end 52 side from the intermediate position Pm (where do < dm), and the opening density index d _ down of the cooling holes 70 in the downstream side region Rdown is constant as the opening density index di at the position Pi on the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 11, the opening density of the cooling holes 70 continuously changes so as to increase from the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the
In the
In fig. 10, with respect to each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in each region may be made uniform and constant, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region intermediate positions in each region may be d _ up, d _ mid, and d _ down, respectively, so as to satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down. In addition, when the cooling holes 70 having different opening densities are included in each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the average opening density index in each region may satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down. Here, the area middle position and the average opening density index in each area are considered as described above. The diameter D of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 10 or 11, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ up, and d _ down satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ mid < d _ down.
For example, the
For example, in the region of the
In some embodiments, for example, as shown in the graph of fig. 12, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region located on the upstream side (the
In the embodiment according to the table of fig. 12, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant at dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ up of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream side region Rup is constant at the opening density index do at the position Po on the outer side end 52 side from the intermediate position Pm (where do < dm), and the opening density index d _ down of the cooling holes 70 in the downstream side region Rdown is constant at the opening density index di at the position Pi on the
The temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 28 (see fig. 1) in which the stator vanes 24 (turbine blades 40) are arranged tends to be distributed, for example, as shown in the graph of fig. 13, and tends to be higher in a central region including an intermediate position Pm between the
On the other hand, in the
That is, as described above, the temperature of the cooling medium increases while the cooling medium flows in the
As in the vane 24 (turbine blade 40) of the above-described embodiment, by making the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm larger than the opening density indexes d _ up and d _ down of the cooling holes 70 in the upstream region Rup and the downstream region Rdown, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes 70 can be increased in the central region Rm where the temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion
In fig. 12, with respect to each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in each region may be made uniform and constant, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region intermediate positions in each region may be d _ up, d _ mid, and d _ down, respectively, so as to satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid. In addition, when the cooling holes 70 having different opening densities are included in each of the upstream region Rup, the central region Rm, and the downstream region Rdown, the average opening density index in each region may satisfy the relationship of d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid. Here, the area middle position and the average opening density index in each area are considered as described above. The diameter D of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 13, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ up, and d _ down satisfy the relationship d _ up < d _ down < d _ mid.
For example, the region in the blade height direction in the
For example, in the region of the
Next, several other embodiments will be described with reference to fig. 4, 14, and 15. In these embodiments, the
In some embodiments, for example, as shown in the graph of fig. 14, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region including the intermediate position Pm between the
In the embodiment according to the table of fig. 14, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant as the opening density index dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ tip of the cooling holes 70 in the leading end side region Rtip is constant as the opening density index dt at the position Pt on the leading
During operation of the
In fig. 14, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in the base region Rroot, the central region Rm, and the tip region Rtip may be made uniform and constant, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region middle positions in the respective regions may be d _ root, d _ mid, and d _ tip, respectively, so as to satisfy the relationship of d _ tip < d _ mid < d _ root. The base region Rroot, the center region Rm, and the tip region Rtip are represented by Prm, Pcm, and Ptm, respectively, as the region intermediate positions in each region. In addition, when the cooling holes 70 having different opening densities are included in each of the base region Rroot, the central region Rm, and the tip region Rtip, the average opening density index in each region may satisfy the relationship of d _ tip < d _ mid < d _ root. Here, the area middle position and the average opening density index in each area are considered as described above. The diameter D of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 14, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ tip, and d _ root satisfy the relationship of d _ tip < d _ mid < d _ root.
For example, the region in the blade height direction in the
For example, in the region of the
In some embodiments, as shown in the graph of fig. 15, for example, the opening density index d _ mid of the
In the embodiment according to the graph of fig. 15, the blade height direction region of the
That is, the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm is constant as the opening density index dm at the intermediate position Pm, the opening density index d _ tip of the cooling holes 70 in the leading end side region Rtip is constant as the opening density index dt at the position Pt on the leading
The temperature of the gas flowing through the combustion gas flow path 28 (see fig. 1) in which the turbine blades 26 (turbine blades 40) are arranged tends to be, for example, a distribution shown in the graph of fig. 9, and to be higher in a central region including the intermediate position Pm between the
On the other hand, during operation of the
In this regard, as in the rotor blade 26 (turbine blade 40) of the above-described embodiment, by making the opening density index d _ mid of the cooling holes 70 in the central region Rm larger than the opening density indexes d _ tip and d _ root of the cooling holes 70 in the tip side region Rtip and the base side region rrot, the supply flow rate of the cooling medium passing through the cooling holes 70 can be increased in the central region Rm where the temperature of the gas flowing through the
In fig. 15, the opening densities of all the cooling holes 70 in the respective regions may be made uniform and constant for the respective regions of the base region Rroot, the central region Rm, and the tip region Rtip, and the opening density indexes of the cooling holes 70 at the radial region intermediate positions in the respective regions may be d _ root, d _ mid, and d _ tip, respectively, so as to satisfy the relationship of d _ tip < d _ root < d _ mid. The base region Rroot, the center region Rm, and the tip region Rtip are represented by Prm, Pcm, and Ptm, respectively, as the region intermediate positions in each region. In addition, when the cooling holes 70 having different opening densities are included in each of the base region Rroot, the central region Rm, and the tip region Rtip, the average opening density index in each region may satisfy the relationship of d _ tip < d _ root < d _ mid. Here, the area middle position and the average opening density index in each area are considered as described above. The diameter D of the
The opening density distribution of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction is not limited to the relationship shown in the graph of fig. 15, as long as the opening density indexes d _ mid, d _ tip, and d _ root satisfy the relationship d _ tip < d _ root < d _ mid.
For example, the region in the blade height direction in the
For example, in the region of the
In the embodiment according to the graphs of fig. 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, and 15, for example, the opening densities of the cooling holes 70 in the regions (the central region Rm, the upstream region Rup, and the downstream region Rdown, or the tip region Rtip and the base region Rroot) of the
As an index of the opening density of the cooling holes 70 of the
Alternatively, as the opening density index, a ratio S/P of a wet circumferential length S of the cooling holes 70 at the opening ends 72 (see fig. 17) of the surface of the blade section 42 (i.e., a circumferential length of the opening ends 72 at the surface of the blade section 42) to a pitch P (see fig. 17) of the cooling holes 70 in the blade height direction may be used.
Alternatively, the number of the cooling holes 70 per unit area (or per unit length) of the surface of the
The
In several embodiments, the cooling holes 70 may also be formed with a pitch with respect to a plane orthogonal to the blade height direction.
By forming the
In some embodiments, an angle a (see fig. 16) between the direction in which the
In addition, in several embodiments, the cooling holes 70 may be formed parallel to each other.
By forming the plurality of cooling holes 70 in parallel with each other in this manner, more cooling holes 70 can be formed in the trailing
Next, the relationship between the
As shown in fig. 19, the
However, in the
The cooling medium flowing into the
Therefore, there is a case where the
On the other hand, in the case where the heat transfer in the
The embodiments of the present invention have been described above, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and includes embodiments obtained by modifying the above embodiments and embodiments obtained by appropriately combining these embodiments.
In the present specification, expressions such as "a certain direction", "along a certain direction", "parallel", "orthogonal", "center", "concentric" or "coaxial" indicate relative or absolute arrangements, and indicate not only the corresponding arrangements, but also a state of relative displacement with a tolerance or an angle and/or a distance to the extent that the same function can be obtained.
For example, "the same", "equal", and "homogeneous" indicate that the equivalent states of the objects are not only strictly equivalent states but also states having a tolerance or a difference in the degree to which the same function can be obtained.
In the present specification, the expression "a shape such as a square shape or a cylindrical shape" means not only a geometrically strict shape such as a square shape or a cylindrical shape, but also a shape including a concave-convex portion, a chamfered portion, and the like in a range where the same effect is obtained.
In the present specification, the expression "including", "provided", "including" or "having" one constituent element does not exclude an exclusive expression that other constituent elements exist.
Description of reference numerals:
a gas turbine;
a compressor;
a burner;
a turbine;
a rotor;
a compressor housing;
an air intake;
a stationary vane;
a bucket;
a housing;
a turbine chamber;
a stationary vane;
a movable blade;
a combustion gas flow path;
an exhaust chamber;
a turbine blade;
a blade portion;
a leading edge;
a trailing edge;
a trailing edge portion;
a front end;
a trailing edge face;
a base end;
an outboard end;
an inboard end;
56.. pressure side;
58.. negative pressure surface;
bending the flow path;
60 a-60 e.
A final path;
an inlet opening;
an outlet opening;
66.. a cooling passage;
68... inner wall face;
cooling holes;
an open end;
80.. a platform;
82.. root of leaf;
an internal flow path;
86.. an inboard shroud;
88.. an outboard shield;
90.. turbulators;
pm... intermediate position;
pcm.. central region intermediate position;
a mid-upstream side zone position;
a downstream zone intermediate position;
a front end side region middle position;
a base end side region middle position;
a front end side region;
rm... central region;
a base-end side region;
an upstream side region;
a downstream side region.
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