阅读说明：本技术 一种甘蔗的新型种植方法 (Novel planting method for sugarcane ) 是由 黄奇政 黄世忠 吴建明 范业赓 赵定国 于 2019-11-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种甘蔗的新型种植方法,属于甘蔗种植技术领域。所述甘蔗的新型种植方法包括开种植沟,在带芽的甘蔗种茎上包覆一层或两层以上的降解膜,所述甘蔗种茎与降解膜之间和各层降解膜之间均容置有营养肥,再将包覆有降解膜的甘蔗种茎放于种植沟内,覆土,即可；当所述降解膜为两层以上时,靠近甘蔗种茎的降解膜至最外层降解膜的厚度依次增大,以使每层降解膜的降解时间不同。本发明通过采用双层降解膜在出芽的甘蔗种茎上包覆甘蔗不同时期所需的营养肥,为甘蔗的不同时期提供相应的营养物质,这一种植方法省去了一般种植方法中的后续施肥、追肥步骤,减少了工作量,降低了劳动成本,且所种植的甘蔗出苗率高、患病虫害少,长势良好。(The invention discloses a novel planting method of sugarcane, and belongs to the technical field of sugarcane planting. The novel planting method of the sugarcane comprises the steps of forming a planting ditch, coating one or more than two layers of degradation films on the seed stems of the sugarcane with buds, containing nutrient fertilizers between the seed stems of the sugarcane and the degradation films and between the degradation films, placing the seed stems of the sugarcane coated with the degradation films in the planting ditch, and covering soil; when the degradation film is more than two layers, the thickness from the degradation film close to the sugarcane seed stems to the degradation film at the outermost layer is sequentially increased, so that the degradation time of each degradation film is different. According to the method, the nutrient fertilizers required by the sugarcane in different periods are coated on the germinated sugarcane seed stems by adopting the double-layer degradable film, so that corresponding nutrient substances are provided for the sugarcane in different periods.)

1. A novel planting method of sugarcane comprises the steps of forming a planting ditch, and is characterized in that one layer or more than two layers of degradable membranes are coated on a sugarcane seed stem with buds, nutrient fertilizers are contained between the sugarcane seed stem and the degradable membranes and between the degradable membranes, the sugarcane seed stem coated with the degradable membranes is placed in the planting ditch, and soil is covered on the sugarcane seed stem;

when the degradation film is more than two layers, the thickness from the degradation film close to the sugarcane seed stems to the degradation film at the outermost layer is sequentially increased, so that the degradation time of each degradation film is different.

2. The novel sugarcane planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germinated sugarcane seed stems are sequentially coated with two layers of degradable membranes, wherein nutrient fertilizers are contained between the sugarcane seed stems and the degradable membranes and between the two layers of degradable membranes, and the sugarcane seed stems coated with the degradable membranes are placed in the planting furrows and covered with soil;

in the two layers of degradation membranes, the thickness of the degradation membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcanes is smaller than that of the degradation membrane far away from the seed stems of the sugarcanes, so that the degradation time of each layer of degradation membrane is different.

3. The novel planting method of sugarcane according to claim 2, wherein the components of the nutrient fertilizer between the seed stems of the sugarcane and the degradation membrane comprise: 16-20 parts of urea, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 15-25 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer and 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate;

the nutrient fertilizer contained between the two degradation films comprises the following components: 10-18 parts of urea, 9-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2-3 parts of monoammonium phosphate.

4. The novel planting method of sugarcane according to claim 2, wherein the degradable membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of surfactant, 3-5 parts of defoaming agent, 10-15 parts of modified starch, 1-3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1-3 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1-2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine, 1-2 parts of difenoconazole, 1-2 parts of gibberellin and 1-2 parts of fipronil.

5. The novel planting method of sugarcane according to claim 4, wherein the degradable membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of surfactant, 4 parts of defoaming agent, 12 parts of modified starch, 2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1.5 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.5 parts of difenoconazole, 1.5 parts of gibberellin and 1.5 parts of fipronil.

6. The novel planting method of sugarcane according to claim 4, characterized in that the degradable film further comprises 4-8 parts of growth aids, the growth aids comprise chitosan, plant fiber powder and diatomite, and the ratio of the chitosan, the plant fiber powder and the diatomite is 1-2: 0.7-0.8:0.4-0.6 by mass ratio.

7. The novel sugarcane planting method according to claim 6, wherein the growth assistant is prepared by reacting diatomaceous earth with a cationic surfactant at 35-50 ℃ to obtain modified diatomaceous earth, uniformly mixing the modified diatomaceous earth with an ethanol solution containing chitosan and plant fiber powder, recovering the solvent by reduced pressure evaporation to obtain powdered modified diatomaceous earth with chitosan and fiber powder adsorbed thereon, and finally grinding the powdered modified diatomaceous earth with a grinding device;

the grinding device comprises a hollow device main body, a telescopic motor is fixedly arranged at the inner top of the device main body, a telescopic component positioned in the device main body is arranged at the lower side of the telescopic motor, the telescopic component is connected with the telescopic motor through a first rotating shaft, a sliding block capable of sliding up and down in the device main body is arranged at the lower part of the telescopic component, the lower end of the telescopic component is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sliding block, a groove is formed in the bottom of the sliding block, a grinding motor is fixedly arranged in the groove, a grinding disc capable of freely rotating in the device main body is arranged below the grinding motor, the upper end face of the grinding disc is connected with the lower end of the grinding motor through a second rotating shaft, and the circumferential side face of the grinding disc is in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the device main body; the relative both sides of device main part are equipped with feeder hopper and play hopper respectively, just it is located and is close to go out the hopper on the lateral wall of device main part bottom, feeder hopper and play hopper are kept away from the one end of device main part all is equipped with sealed lid, sealed lid with feeder hopper or play hopper are articulated.

8. A novel planting method of sugarcane as claimed in claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the plasticizer is one or more of tributyl citrate, polycaprolactone, and polytrimethylene adipate.

9. The novel planting method of sugar cane according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, and glyceryl ether; the defoaming agent is one or more than two of tween, octanol, organic silicon emulsion and tributyl phosphate.

10. The novel planting method of sugar cane according to claim 4 or 6, characterized in that the preparation method of the degradation film comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in a mixing tank by using solvent water, adding the plasticizer, the surfactant, the defoaming agent and the modified starch into the mixing tank, and uniformly stirring;

(2) stirring until the material liquid is fine, heating to 90-100 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, stirring at high speed for 2-2.5 hr to dissolve and disperse the material completely to obtain uniformly dispersed material liquid, and cooling to 30-40 deg.C;

(3) in the stirring process, mixing and adding naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, difenoconazole, gibberellin, fipronil and a growth assistant into the feed liquid in the step (2), and uniformly stirring;

(4) adding appropriate amount of hot water to adjust viscosity of the feed liquid to 80-100 Pa.s;

(5) filtering the feed liquid to adjust the particle size to be more than 200 meshes;

(6) defoaming the feed liquid to obtain slurry for later use;

(7) and casting the slurry on a roller or steel belt casting equipment for drying and molding, and rolling a control film with the thickness of 3-8 mu m to finish the film preparation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of sugarcane planting, in particular to a novel planting method of sugarcane.

Background

Sugar cane is a temperate and tropical crop, a raw material for sucrose production, and ethanol can be extracted as an energy substitute. The sugar content of the sugarcane is most abundant, and the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose in the sugarcane reaches 12 percent, so the sugarcane is easy to be absorbed and utilized by human bodies. In addition, through scientific analysis, the sugarcane also contains other substances required by a human body, and also contains a large amount of trace elements necessary for the human body, such as iron, calcium, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and the like, wherein the content of iron is particularly high and is at the top of fruits, so the policosan is a name of 'blood enriching fruits'. In addition, the food also contains 0.2 g of protein, 0.5 g of fat, 8 mg of calcium, 4 mg of phosphorus and 1.3 mg of iron. In addition, sugar cane also contains various amino acids beneficial to human body, such as aspartic acid, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, and the like, as well as vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin C, and the like. The iron content of the sugarcane reaches 9 mg per kg and is at the head of the fruit, so the policosanol is a name of the blood enriching fruit.

In recent years, the use of degradable films has been vigorously advocated in society due to the demand for environmental protection, the problem of environmental pollution has been greatly solved by the emergence of degradable films, and plastic films used in production and life have been gradually replaced by degradable films.

At present, sugarcane is planted mainly by soaking sugarcane seed stems in liquid medicine, namely soaking the seed stems into seed planting holes for planting, the method is easy to cause damage to the seed stems and buds, and watering and fertilizing are needed for multiple times subsequently. The defects can be overcome by coating the seed stems by the coating film and then planting the seed stems, but the method for processing and planting the sugarcane seed stems is not found at present.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention aims to provide a novel planting method of sugarcane, which provides corresponding nutrient substances for the sugarcane at different periods, omits the subsequent steps of fertilization and topdressing in the common planting method, reduces the workload, reduces the labor cost, and has high emergence rate, less pest and disease damage and good growth vigor of the planted sugarcane.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a novel planting method of sugarcane comprises the steps of forming a planting ditch, coating one or more than two layers of degradable membranes on a sugarcane seed stem with buds, containing nutrient fertilizers between the sugarcane seed stem and the degradable membranes and between the degradable membranes, placing the sugarcane seed stem coated with the degradable membranes in the planting ditch, and covering soil;

when the degradation film is more than two layers, the thickness from the degradation film close to the sugarcane seed stems to the degradation film at the outermost layer is sequentially increased, so that the degradation time of each degradation film is different.

A novel planting method of sugarcane comprises the steps of forming a planting ditch, sequentially coating two layers of degradable membranes on a seed stem of the sugarcane with buds, containing nutrient fertilizers between the seed stem of the sugarcane and the degradable membranes and between the two layers of degradable membranes, placing the seed stem of the sugarcane coated with the degradable membranes in the planting ditch, and covering soil;

in the two layers of degradation membranes, the thickness of the degradation membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcanes is smaller than that of the degradation membrane far away from the seed stems of the sugarcanes, so that the degradation time of each layer of degradation membrane is different.

Preferably, the components of the nutrient fertilizer between the sugarcane seed stem and the degradation film comprise: 16-20 parts of urea, 8-12 parts of potassium sulfate, 2-3 parts of monocalcium phosphate, 15-25 parts of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ternary compound fertilizer and 3-5 parts of monopotassium phosphate, and the urea is used for providing nutrition for the seedling emergence stage and the tillering stage;

the nutrient fertilizer contained between the two degradation films comprises the following components: 10-18 parts of urea, 9-15 parts of monopotassium phosphate and 2-3 parts of monoammonium phosphate, and is used for providing nutrition for the jointing stage of the sugarcane.

Preferably, the degradable membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 22-28 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 5-10 parts of plasticizer, 3-5 parts of surfactant, 3-5 parts of defoaming agent, 10-15 parts of modified starch, 1-3 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 1-3 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1-2 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine, 1-2 parts of difenoconazole, 1-2 parts of gibberellin and 1-2 parts of fipronil.

Preferably, the degradable membrane close to the seed stems of the sugarcane comprises the following components in parts by weight: 25 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, 8 parts of plasticizer, 4 parts of surfactant, 4 parts of defoaming agent, 12 parts of modified starch, 2 parts of naphthylacetic acid, 2 parts of indolebutyric acid, 1.5 parts of 6-benzylaminopurine, 1.5 parts of difenoconazole, 1.5 parts of gibberellin and 1.5 parts of fipronil.

Further preferably, the degradable membrane further comprises 4-8 parts of a growth assistant, wherein the growth assistant comprises chitosan, plant fiber powder and diatomite, and the ratio of the chitosan, the plant fiber powder and the diatomite is 1-2: 0.7-0.8:0.4-0.6 by mass ratio.

Preferably, the preparation method of the growth assistant comprises the steps of firstly reacting diatomite with a cationic surfactant at 35-50 ℃ to obtain modified diatomite, then uniformly mixing the modified diatomite with an ethanol solution containing chitosan and plant fiber powder, then recovering the solvent through reduced pressure evaporation to obtain powdery modified diatomite adsorbed with chitosan and fiber powder, and finally grinding through a grinding device to obtain the growth assistant;

the grinding device comprises a hollow device main body, a telescopic motor is fixedly arranged at the inner top of the device main body, a telescopic component positioned in the device main body is arranged at the lower side of the telescopic motor, the telescopic component is connected with the telescopic motor through a first rotating shaft, a sliding block capable of sliding up and down in the device main body is arranged at the lower part of the telescopic component, the lower end of the telescopic component is fixedly connected with the upper end face of the sliding block, a groove is formed in the bottom of the sliding block, a grinding motor is fixedly arranged in the groove, a grinding disc capable of freely rotating in the device main body is arranged below the grinding motor, the upper end face of the grinding disc is connected with the lower end of the grinding motor through a second rotating shaft, and the circumferential side face of the grinding disc is in sliding contact with the inner side wall of the device main body; the relative both sides of device main part are equipped with feeder hopper and play hopper respectively, just it is located and is close to go out the hopper on the lateral wall of device main part bottom, feeder hopper and play hopper are kept away from the one end of device main part all is equipped with sealed lid, sealed lid with feeder hopper or play hopper are articulated.

Preferably, the plasticizer is one or more than two of tributyl citrate, polycaprolactone and polytrimethylene adipate.

Preferably, the surfactant is one or more of sodium dodecyl sulfate, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate and glycerol ether.

Preferably, the defoaming agent is one or more than two of tween, octanol, an organic silicon emulsion and tributyl phosphate.

Preferably, the preparation method of the degradable membrane comprises the following steps:

(1) weighing the raw materials in parts by weight, dissolving polyvinyl alcohol in a mixing tank by using solvent water, adding the plasticizer, the surfactant, the defoaming agent and the modified starch into the mixing tank, and uniformly stirring;

(2) stirring until the material liquid is fine, heating to 90-100 deg.C, maintaining the temperature, stirring at high speed for 2-2.5 hr to dissolve and disperse the material completely to obtain uniformly dispersed material liquid, and cooling to 30-40 deg.C;

(3) in the stirring process, mixing and adding naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, difenoconazole, gibberellin, fipronil and a growth assistant into the feed liquid in the step (2), and uniformly stirring;

(4) adding appropriate amount of hot water to adjust viscosity of the feed liquid to 80-100 Pa.s;

(5) filtering the feed liquid to adjust the particle size to be more than 200 meshes;

(6) defoaming the feed liquid to obtain slurry for later use;

(7) and casting the slurry on a roller or steel belt casting equipment for drying and molding, and rolling a control film with the thickness of 3-8 mu m to finish the film preparation.

The plant fiber powder in the application is plant fiber powder with the grain size of 100 plus 200 meshes prepared by utilizing crop straws such as rice hulls, rice straws, wheat straws, corn straws, cotton straws, wood chips, bamboo dust and the like or stems of other plants.

In summary, due to the adoption of the technical scheme, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention relates to a novel planting method of sugarcane, which effectively prevents the injury of buds on the seed stems of the germinated sugarcane by coating a degradable film on the seed stems of the germinated sugarcane, and plants the seed stems coated with the degradable film in a planting ditch, wherein when the degradable film has two or more layers, the degradation time of each layer of degradable film is different by controlling the different thickness of each layer of degradable film, and the invention degrades the inner layer of degradable film in the emergence period of the sugarcane and the outer layer of degradable film in the jointing stage of the sugarcane by optimizing the thickness of each layer of degradable film, so that the nutrient fertilizer between the inner layer of degradable film and the seed stems of the sugarcane flows out in the emergence period of the sugarcane, and the nutrient fertilizer between the two layers of degradable film flows out in the tillering stage or jointing stage of the sugarcane, finally, the aim of providing corresponding nutrient substances for different periods of the sugarcane is achieved, and the subsequent fertilization, the planting method, the method and the method have the advantages of effectively preventing the injury of the buds of the sugarcane, And the topdressing step reduces the workload and the labor cost, and the planted sugarcane has high emergence rate, less pest and disease damage and good growth vigor.

(2) The degradable film can preserve water and buds, so that the sugarcane seed stems have the advantages of drought resistance, bud injury resistance and the like during planting, and the degradable film ensures that the sugarcane does not need seed soaking before planting, so that the planting efficiency of the sugarcane is improved. On the basis of fully combining the growth habits of the sugarcane, the invention adds the components such as naphthylacetic acid, indolebutyric acid, 6-benzylaminopurine, difenoconazole, gibberellin, fipronil and the like into the basic coating materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, a plasticizer, a surfactant, a defoaming agent, modified starch and the like of the original degradable film preparation components, so that the degradable film has good effects of sterilizing and disinfecting the growth of the sugarcane, preventing plant diseases and insect pests and promoting the rooting and seedling emergence of the sugarcane when being used for the coating of the sugarcane.

(3) The degradable membrane is added with the growth assistant comprising chitosan, plant fiber powder and diatomite, because the diatomite has high porosity and strong adsorption performance, the modified diatomite is modified, the modified diatomite is uniformly mixed with ethanol solution containing chitosan and plant fiber powder, and the mixture is subjected to reduced pressure distillation, so that the chitosan and the fiber powder are adsorbed on the modified diatomite, the suspension rate of the diatomite is improved through the modification of the diatomite and the adsorption of the fiber powder, and because the plant fiber powder contains cellulose, protein and other nutrient components, the chitosan has the functions of slow release and the like, the modified diatomite adsorbed with the chitosan and the cellulose contains higher nutrient components, the pores of the diatomite can be used as outflow channels of the nutrient components, the porosity (high porosity) of the diatomite is beneficial to the absorption of the nutrient components of sugarcane, and the chitosan prevents the nutrient components from flowing out too fast to a certain extent, therefore, under the synergistic effect of the chitosan, the plant fiber powder and the diatomite, the growth auxiliary agent has high fertility and prolonged fertilizer efficiency time, and finally the growth of the sugarcane is promoted.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of a polishing apparatus according to the present invention.

In the figure, 1-device body, 2-telescopic motor, 3-telescopic column, 31-rod piece, 32-sleeve, 4-first rotating shaft, 5-slide block, 6-grinding motor, 7-grinding disc, 8-second rotating shaft, 9-feeding hopper and 10-discharging hopper.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention are clearly and completely described below, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments.