阅读说明：本技术 一种丽穗凤梨促成栽培方法 (Forcing culture method for Lisui pineapple ) 是由 王炜勇 曹群阳 赵张建 俞信英 俞少华 金亮 詹书侠 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种丽穗凤梨促成栽培方法。1)品种和种苗选择；2)栽培设施的准备；3)花芽分化设施的准备；4)采用观赏凤梨专用肥,或全水溶性肥料；5)制备乙炔或乙烯饱和水溶液为催花剂；6)应用：将步骤1)的种苗,摆放在步骤2)的设施中,设施中的温度在15℃～28℃,光照强度0~25 000 lx,适当通风；6月上旬起停止施肥,6月下旬～7月上旬将苗搬至步骤3)的设施中；停肥2～4周后催花,催花结束1～2个月后,再施肥料；7)9月份把完成花芽分化的植株装运到步骤2)的设施中继续培养至上市。本发明通过夏季凉爽的地区使丽穗凤梨植株完成花芽分化与发育,丰富了秋季的花卉品种,缩短了大棚占用时间。(The invention discloses a forcing cultivation method of Lisui pineapple, which comprises the steps of 1) selecting varieties and seedlings, 2) preparing cultivation facilities, 3) preparing flower bud differentiation facilities, 4) adopting special fertilizer or full water-soluble fertilizer for ornamental pineapple, 5) preparing acetylene or ethylene saturated aqueous solution as a flower accelerant, 6) applying the seedlings in the step 1) to the facilities in the step 2), controlling the temperature in the facilities to be 15-28 ℃, controlling the illumination intensity to be 0 ~ 25000 lx, properly ventilating, starting and stopping fertilization in the last ten days of 6 months, moving the seedlings to the facilities in the step 3) in the last ten days of 6 months, forcing the flowers after 2-4 weeks of fertilizer application, fertilizing after 1-2 months of forcing the flowers, and transporting the plants with the flower bud differentiation completed to the facilities in the step 2) in 9 months to continue cultivation to the market.)

1. A forcing culture method for Lisui pineapple is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) variety and seedling selection: selecting small and medium-plant-type Lisui pineapple varieties which are easy to flower, and selecting large seedlings which grow robustly and are potted by 12-14 cm for later use;

(2) preparation of cultivation facilities: building a conjoined plastic greenhouse, and arranging a wet curtain fan cooling system and an inner sunshade net and an outer sunshade net, wherein the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 50-70 percent for standby;

(3) preparing flower bud differentiation facilities, namely selecting areas which are cool in summer and have the lowest temperature of 15 ~ 24 ℃ in 7 months, building a plastic greenhouse, installing an insect-proof net and a fan, and configuring a movable outer sunshade net with the sunshade rate of 50-70% for later use;

(4) fertilizer standardPreparing: the fertilizer is selected from special fertilizer for ornamental pineapple, or the fertilizer contains 10-20% of N by mass and P by mass₂O₅5 to 10 percent of the mass and contains K₂15-35% of O and 0 of B for standby;

(5) preparing a flower forcing agent: selecting acetylene gas or ethylene gas, preparing an acetylene or ethylene saturated aqueous solution before flower forcing to become a flower forcing agent for later use;

(6) the application comprises the steps of placing the seedlings in the step (1) in a cultivation facility in the step (2), controlling the temperature in the cultivation facility to be 15-28 ℃, controlling the illumination intensity to be 0 ~ 25000 lx, properly ventilating, applying the fertilizer prepared in the step (4) 1-2 times per week, diluting the fertilizer with water for 1000-2000 times, irrigating the leaf clumps and spraying the leaf surfaces, stopping applying the fertilizer from the beginning to the end of the last 6 months, loading the seedlings into the flower bud differentiation facility in the step (3) for flower bud differentiation from the last ten days to the last 7 months of the last 6 months, irrigating the flower forcing agent prepared in the step (5) to the center of the leaf clumps of the plants after 2-4 weeks of fertilizer application, supplementing the forcing agent once every 3-7 days for 1-3 times, applying the fertilizer prepared in the step (4) after the flower forcing is finished for 1-2 months, irrigating the leaf clumps and spraying the leaf surfaces after the fertilizer is diluted with water for 1000 times per week until the seedlings come into the market;

(7) and (3) transporting the plants after flower bud differentiation to the cultivation facility in the step (2) for continuous cultivation in 9 months, controlling the temperature in the cultivation facility to be 18-28 ℃, controlling the illumination intensity to be 0 ~ 30000 lx, properly ventilating, and marketing after 1-8 weeks.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the variety in step 1) is a small and medium plant type, easy flower forcing and high market acceptance selected Lisui pineapple variety, and the seedling is a strong and big seedling of the selected variety.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein: the flower bud differentiation facility in the step 3) is to select a cool summer area, including the downstream of a large reservoir or a mountain area with the elevation of more than 600 meters.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein: step 6), firstly, cultivating seedlings in a cultivation facility for a period of time, stopping fertilizing until the last ten days of 6 months, and then using a flower accelerant to promote flower growth after the fertilizing is stopped for 2-4 weeks; and transporting the seedlings to a flower bud differentiation facility for flower bud differentiation from late 6 to early 7.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein: the flower forcing operation in the step 6) is carried out in a cultivation facility or a flower bud differentiation facility.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of flower cultivation, in particular to a forcing cultivation method for Lisui pineapple.

Background

The LiTing pineapple is of the genus LiTing pineapple of the family Bromeliaceae (Bromeliaceae) ((R))Vriesea) The perennial herb is also called Yingge pineapple, Jianfeng pear, etc., and is produced in China and south America. The leaves are strip-shaped, the leather is bright, and the leaf appearance is beautiful; the inflorescence has red, yellow, orange, green, purple and various compound colors; the buds are leathery, have bright color, are not faded for a long time, have great ornamental value, and are introduced and cultivated for more than 20 years in China. The Lisui pineapple has good shade resistance, strong cold resistance and long ornamental period, is a good material for interior decoration, and is deeply loved by people.

The Lisui pineapple products on the market are mostly sold in winter and spring, and most of the Lisui pineapple products are sold as rice glue. With the development of production, a large number of products are concentrated on coming into the market before the year, so that the price of the Lisui pineapple is reduced year by year, 9 and 10 months before and after the national day festival are small peak of flower consumption, but the high-quality Lisui pineapple product is lacked, the main reason is that the flower bud differentiation of the Lisui pineapple needs proper temperature, the flower bud differentiation is just right at the high-temperature period of 7 and 8 months when the Lisui pineapple needs to come into the market in 9 and 10 months, the normal flower bud differentiation of the Lisui pineapple can not be completed at the night temperature of more than 23 ℃, and even if the differentiation is reluctantly completed, the quality of flowers which are opened in the later period is also poor.

Wangzihua et al (CN 102550257A) have disclosed "a method for promoting early flowering of Dendrobium nobile by combining with low temperature and plant growth regulator", mainly using high mountain and low temperature to combine with plant growth regulator to make Dendrobium nobile to complete vernalization stage, where the required low temperature is 7-18 ℃.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for forcing the cultivation of Lisui pineapple, which is simple and practical and has obvious effect, aiming at the current situation that the Lisui pineapple cannot finish flower bud differentiation during high temperature period so as to provide a high-quality finished product in autumn.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a forcing culture method for Lisui pineapple comprises the following steps:

(1) variety and seedling selection: selecting small and medium-plant-type Lisui pineapple varieties which are easy to flower, and selecting large seedlings which grow robustly and are potted by 12-14 cm for later use;

(2) preparation of cultivation facilities: building a conjoined plastic greenhouse, and arranging a wet curtain fan cooling system and an inner sunshade net and an outer sunshade net, wherein the sunshade rate of the sunshade net is 50-70 percent for standby;

(3) preparing flower bud differentiation facilities, namely selecting a cool summer (the lowest temperature is 15 ~ 24 ℃ in 7 months), building a plastic greenhouse, installing an insect-proof net and a fan, and configuring a movable outer sunshade net, wherein the sunshade rate of the outer sunshade net is 50-70% for later use;

(4) preparing a fertilizer: the fertilizer is selected from special fertilizer for ornamental pineapple, or the fertilizer contains 10-20% of N by mass and P by mass₂O₅5 to 10 percent of the mass and contains K₂15-35% of O and 0 of B for standby;

(5) preparing a flower forcing agent: selecting acetylene gas or ethylene gas, preparing an acetylene or ethylene saturated aqueous solution before flower forcing to become a flower forcing agent for later use;

(6) the application comprises the steps of placing the seedlings in the step (1) in a cultivation facility in the step (2), controlling the temperature in the cultivation facility to be 15-28 ℃, controlling the illumination intensity to be 0 ~ 25000 lx, properly ventilating, applying the fertilizer prepared in the step (4) 1-2 times per week, diluting the fertilizer with water for 1000-2000 times, irrigating the leaf clumps and spraying the leaf surfaces, stopping applying the fertilizer from the beginning to the end of the last 6 months, loading the seedlings into the flower bud differentiation facility in the step (3) for flower bud differentiation from the last ten days to the last 7 months of the last 6 months, irrigating the flower forcing agent prepared in the step (5) to the center of the leaf clumps of the plants after 2-4 weeks of fertilizer application, supplementing the forcing agent once every 3-7 days for 1-3 times, applying the fertilizer prepared in the step (4) after the flower forcing is finished for 1-2 months, irrigating the leaf clumps and spraying the leaf surfaces after the fertilizer is diluted with water for 1000 times per week until the seedlings come into the market;

(7) and (3) transporting the plants after flower bud differentiation to the cultivation facility in the step (2) for continuous cultivation in 9 months, controlling the temperature in the cultivation facility to be 18-28 ℃ as far as possible, controlling the illumination intensity to be 0 ~ 30000 lx, properly ventilating, and marketing after 1-8 weeks.

The variety in the step 1) is a Lisui pineapple variety which is small and medium in plant type, easy to flower and high in market acceptance, and the seedlings are strong and big seedlings of the selected variety.

The flower bud differentiation facility in the step 3) is to select a cool summer area, including the downstream of a large reservoir or a mountain area with the elevation of more than 600 meters.

Step 6), firstly, cultivating seedlings in a cultivation facility for a period of time, stopping fertilizing until the last ten days of 6 months, and then using a flower accelerant to promote flower growth after the fertilizing is stopped for 2-4 weeks; and transporting the seedlings to a flower bud differentiation facility for flower bud differentiation from late 6 to early 7.

The flower forcing operation in the step 6) is carried out in a cultivation facility or a flower bud differentiation facility.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) flower bud differentiation and development of the Lisui plants are completed in cool summer areas;

(2) the flower can be sold in the market in autumn, and the flower varieties in autumn are enriched; is popular in the marketVrieseaThe variety of the Lisui pineapple such as Kallisto can be sold in the market before and after the festival of the national day by forcing the flower in the late 6 th month to the 7 months;

(3) not only shortens the time occupied by the greenhouse, but also lightens the pressure of selling the greenhouse in the night.

Detailed Description

The invention is further illustrated by the following examples, without restricting the scope of the invention thereto.