阅读说明：本技术 适于稻田养殖的克氏原螯虾育苗方法 (Procambarus clarkii breeding method suitable for paddy field cultivation ) 是由 李良玉 唐洪 张小丽 黄小丽 陈德芳 袁晓梅 王恒 程东进 郭云建 李世春 王定 于 2019-11-01 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种适于稻田养殖的克氏原螯虾育苗方法,属于克氏原螯虾养殖技术领域。其育苗方法包括：S1.孵化幼苗；S2.幼苗培养；S3.幼苗选育；S4.幼苗投放。通过分别对抱卵的雌虾单独培养、对离开母体的幼苗单独培养,并对由活动能力的幼苗进行选育,能够将不同大小规格的克氏原螯虾区分开来,得到优质的虾苗,也方便在投放时,将不同大小规格的分别投放至不同稻田内,有利于提高虾苗在稻田的存活率,减少不同规格虾苗间的相互自残伤亡,改善克氏原螯虾的单位产量。(The invention discloses a procambarus clarkii breeding method suitable for paddy field breeding, and belongs to the technical field of procambarus clarkii breeding. The seedling raising method comprises the following steps: s1, hatching seedlings; s2, seedling culture; s3, seedling breeding; and S4, putting seedlings. Through respectively culturing the female shrimps with eggs independently and culturing the seedlings leaving the parent independently and breeding the seedlings with the activity, the procambarus clarkii with different sizes can be distinguished to obtain high-quality shrimp larvae, and the procambarus clarkii with different sizes can be respectively put into different rice fields conveniently when put in, so that the survival rate of the shrimp larvae in the rice fields is improved, the mutual self-mutuality and death among the procambarus clarkii with different sizes are reduced, and the unit yield of the procambarus clarkii is improved.)

1. A procambarus clarkii seedling raising method suitable for paddy field culture is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:

s1, hatching seedlings: breeding the female shrimps carrying eggs in a hatching pond, maintaining the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, and feeding compound feed with the protein content of more than 35 percent, wherein the feeding amount is 6-8 percent of the weight of the female shrimps until the young shrimps leave the parent;

s2, seedling culture: transferring the young shrimps leaving the parent bodies in the step S1 to a young shrimp pond, maintaining the water temperature at 22-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen content of water at least 5mg/L, keeping the pH value at 6.8-8.2, feeding young shrimp feed, wherein the feeding amount is 18-25% of the weight of the young shrimps, and the culture time is 7-10 days;

s3, seedling breeding: transferring the seedlings cultured in the step S2 into a breeding pond, maintaining the water temperature at 25-30 ℃, and ensuring that the dissolved oxygen content of water is not lower than 5mg/L, wherein the breeding pond comprises a pond body (1), a water inlet (2) and a water outlet (3) are respectively arranged at two ends of the pond body (1), a plurality of breeding unit areas (4) are arranged in the pond body (1) along the connecting line direction of the water inlet (2) and the water outlet (3), the bottom surface of the pond body (1) is obliquely and downwards inclined from the water inlet (2) to the water outlet (3), a separation barrier zone (5) for breeding the seedlings is arranged between every two adjacent breeding unit areas (4), and the separation barrier zones (5) are parallel to each other; putting the young seedlings into a breeding unit area (4) adjacent to the water outlet (3), and feeding young shrimp feed according to the number of the young seedlings in each area, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15% of the weight of the young seedlings until the length of the young seedlings is more than 2 cm;

s4, seedling throwing: seedlings in the breeding unit areas (4) which are at least three barrier separating areas (5) away from the water outlet (3) are thrown into the rice field in a subarea mode, and seedlings in the same breeding unit area (4) in the pool body (1) are thrown into the same rice field;

the juvenile shrimp feed comprises at least one of soybean milk, soybean powder, minced fish, snail meat pulp, mussel meat pulp, rotifer, cladocera or copepod nauplii.

2. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the composite feed comprises, by weight, 14.8-15.4% of corn flour, 28.9-30.9% of meat meal, 7.4-9.3% of duckweed powder, 22.2-22.7% of soybean meal and 23.7-24.7% of fish meal.

3. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the juvenile shrimp feed comprises, by weight, 17.7-21.4% of bean flour, 32-35.5% of snail meat pulp, 32-35.5% of mussel meat pulp, 10.6-13.3% of kelp powder and 0.7-1.3% of chitosan.

4. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the barrier separating belt (5) is a strip-shaped barrier fixed at the bottom of the tank body (1), and one side of the barrier separating belt (5) facing the water outlet (3) is provided with a slope (51) for the seedlings to climb.

5. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the barrier separating belt (5) is provided with a water passing groove (6) for water flow to pass through.

6. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: one side of the separation barrier belt (5) facing the water inlet (2) is provided with a buffer slope (52), and the inclination of the buffer slope (52) is greater than that of the slope (51).

7. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 4, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the included angle between the slope (51) and the bottom surface of the pool body (1) is 15-30 degrees.

8. The method for raising seedlings of procambarus clarkii suitable for paddy field cultivation according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step S4, the throwing density of the seedlings is 1.6-2 ten thousand per mu.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a procambarus clarkia breeding method suitable for paddy field breeding, belonging to the technical field of procambarus clarkia breeding.

Background

Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii) belongs to the crustacea, decapetales, the family of crayfishes, the genus Procambarus, also known as crayfish and red crayfish, is a freshwater economic shrimp species that inhabits streams and marshes, and temporary habitats including ditches and ponds, usually mixed with plant or wood debris, can damage and weaken the bank, and mainly live in wetlands, lakes and rivers where the body of water is shallow and aquatic weeds are abundant. The procambarus clarkii has the characteristics of high growth speed, poor feeding property, strong adaptability, low oxygen resistance, less diseases, easy cultivation and transportation and the like, has rich nutrition, tender meat quality and delicious taste, is popular with people, and becomes an important economic cultivation variety in China.

At present, spicy crayfish becomes a famous food on dining tables of people, the market demand of domestic crayfish is increased greatly, the export of products such as shelled shrimps, whole shrimps, shrimp balls and the like processed in China is not in demand, the deep processing scale of byproducts such as crayfish yellow and chitin is gradually enlarged, the resource quantity of wild procambarus clarkii in China is reduced sharply, and the rapid development of the procambarus clarkii breeding industry in China is driven. The cultivation of procambarus clarkii comprises modes of rice and shrimp co-cultivation, rice and shrimp continuous cropping, pond main cultivation, shrimp and crab polyculture, shrimp and mandarin fish polyculture, shrimp and turtle polyculture and the like, wherein the scale of paddy field cultivation and pond intercropping is large.

The cultivation in the rice field is a cultivation mode combining one-field dual-purpose cultivation and one-water dual-purpose cultivation, crayfishes grow in the rice field, a large number of pests and insect eggs are eaten, the activities of the crayfishes can also loosen the soil of the root system of the rice, the excrement of the crayfishes is absorbed by the rice, the growth of the rice is promoted, the oxygen generated by photosynthesis of the rice is favorable for the growth of the crayfishes, the use of pesticides in the rice planting is greatly reduced, and the ecological cultivation mode is very environment-friendly. In the culture mode, after the shrimp fries are placed in spring once or the parent shrimps are placed in autumn once, the breeding is carried out by self-breeding and autotrophy of the shrimps, so that farmers cannot accurately master the density of the crayfishes in the breeding water body, meanwhile, commercial shrimps and shrimp fries in rice fields are mixed, the specification difference is extremely large, mutual self-residual is serious, the survival rate of the seedlings is low, the crayfishes are caught and left for years, reverse selection is carried out, germplasm degeneration is fast, and the unit yield of the procambarus clarkii is low and the benefit is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a method for breeding procambarus clarkii suitable for rice field culture.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a method for breeding procambarus clarkii suitable for being cultured in a rice field comprises the following steps:

s1, hatching seedlings: and (3) breeding the female shrimps carrying eggs in a hatching pond, maintaining the water temperature at 18-25 ℃, and feeding compound feed with the protein content of more than 35% until the young shrimps leave the parent, wherein the feeding amount is 6-8% of the weight of the female shrimps.

After the mating of the parent shrimps, fertilized eggs need to be hatched into young shrimps on the abdomen of the female shrimps, after the young shrimps are hatched, the growth and development process of a certain stage is completed under the protection of the parent, and then the young shrimps can leave the female shrimps to actively eat and independently live, and during the period, the female shrimps with the eggs are placed in an incubation pool for cultivation, so that the hatching rate and the survival rate of the young shrimps are improved. The hatching pond is a pond capable of controlling temperature, such as an indoor cement pond or a soil pond covered with a greenhouse, water plants are planted at the bottom of the pond, concealed objects such as bamboo baskets, hanging nets or PVC pipes are arranged, escape-preventing facilities with the height not lower than 40cm are arranged around the hatching pond by a plastic film, and if the hatching pond is the soil pond, the thickness of sludge at the bottom of the pond is not more than 10cm, cement needs to be poured on the pond slope. Sterilizing the hatching pond before putting female shrimps, wherein the sterilization can be performed by solarization and splashing quicklime or tea seed cake, applying organic fertilizer after sterilization, and transplanting waterweeds. In the culture process of the step, attention needs to be paid to control of water temperature, and at a lower temperature, the activity of enzyme in female shrimps is low, the metabolism is slow, the incubation time is long, and the female shrimps are easy to have low resistance and can not perform normal egg protection; when the temperature is higher, eggs are easy to mildew, water quality pollution is caused, microbes are easy to breed, and parent infectious germs die, so that the water temperature is kept within the range of 18-25 ℃, and the survival rate and the hatching efficiency of seedlings are considered.

S2, seedling culture: and (5) transferring the young seedlings leaving the parent bodies in the step (S1) to a young seedling pool, maintaining the water temperature at 22-30 ℃, the dissolved oxygen amount of the water at least 5mg/L, keeping the pH value at 6.8-8.2, feeding young shrimp feed, wherein the feeding amount is 18-25% of the weight of the young seedlings, and the culture time is 7-10 days. The juvenile shrimp feed comprises at least one of soybean milk, soybean powder, minced fish, snail meat pulp, mussel meat pulp, rotifer, cladocera or copepod nauplii. The juvenile shrimps leaving the parent bodies are transferred to the fry pond for centralized culture, so that the juvenile shrimps are prevented from being swallowed by parent shrimps, and the loss of the fries is reduced. The arrangement of the seedling pond is similar to that of the hatching pond, and the oxygen increasing machine is arranged in the seedling pond to ensure the dissolved oxygen amount of pond water in the seedling pond.

S3, seedling breeding: transferring the seedlings cultured in the step S2 into a breeding pond, maintaining the water temperature at 25-30 ℃, and ensuring the dissolved oxygen of water to be not less than 5mg/L, wherein the breeding pond comprises a pond body, a water inlet and a water outlet are respectively arranged at two ends of the pond body, a plurality of breeding unit areas are arranged in the pond body along the connecting line direction of the water inlet and the water outlet, the bottom surface of the pond body is inclined downwards from the water inlet to the water outlet, a separation barrier zone for breeding the seedlings is arranged between every two adjacent breeding unit areas, and the separation barrier zones are parallel to each other; and putting the young seedlings into a breeding unit area adjacent to the water outlet, and feeding young shrimp feed according to the number of the young seedlings in each area, wherein the feeding amount is 10-15% of the weight of the young seedlings until the length of the young seedlings is more than 2 cm.

S4, seedling throwing: and throwing the seedlings in the breeding unit areas which are at least three separation barrier zones away from the water outlet into the rice field in a subarea mode, and throwing the seedlings in the same breeding unit area in the pool body into the same rice field. Preferably, in the step S4, the throwing density of the seedlings is 1.6-2 ten thousand per mu. The edge of the rice field for cultivation is excavated into a square or Chinese character 'tian' shaped ditch with the width of 3-6 and the depth of 1.5-2 meters, the ridge is reinforced, heightened and widened, and escape-preventing facilities such as escape-preventing nylon mesh bags or asbestos tiles are arranged on the water outlet and the ridge of the rice field. Before the young seedlings are put in, disinfection measures such as drying the ditch, splashing quicklime and the like are carried out to prevent harmful organisms of the young shrimps from remaining in the square-shaped or field-shaped ditch of the rice field. And (3) fertilizing and cultivating water 7-10 days before putting, and applying enough base fertilizer to avoid applying chemical fertilizers such as ammonia water and ammonium bicarbonate which are harmful to the procambarus clarkii in the rice field for cultivating the procambarus clarkii. Aquatic plants including submerged plants and floating plants are planted or transplanted in the zigzag or field-shaped ditch, wherein the floating plants are fixed by bamboo baskets and the like for the larvae to perch, exuviate, hide and feed.

Through utilizing the breeding pond to filter the seedling, because procambarus clarkii has the preference fresh water, the habit of preferring to be against the water and tracing upward, put into the breeding unit district adjacent with the delivery port with the seedling after, the seedling can be against the water flow to the breeding unit district climbing of water inlet direction, the most healthy, the biggest juvenile prawn of size has stronger climbing and ability of tracing upward in the seedling, can remove to the breeding unit district adjacent with the water inlet, other seedlings are according to size of body, the mobility distributes in the breeding unit district of difference. Therefore, when seedlings are put in, the seedlings in the same breeding unit area can be put in the same rice field, the separation of the seedlings with different specifications is realized, the mutual self-mutilation of shrimps is reduced, and the screening of high-quality shrimp seedlings is completed, so that the shrimp seedlings with different specifications and qualities can be managed in a distinguishing way.

Preferably, the composite feed comprises, by weight, 14.8-15.4% of corn flour, 28.9-30.9% of meat meal, 7.4-9.3% of duckweed powder, 22.2-22.7% of soybean meal and 23.7-24.7% of fish meal. The female shrimps need to keep higher protein intake during the egg-carrying period so as to supplement nutrient substances consumed for reproduction, so that the female shrimps keep a good activity state and better resistance, and further, the normal hatching and growth of seedlings are facilitated.

Preferably, the juvenile shrimp feed comprises, by weight, 17.7-21.4% of bean flour, 32-35.5% of snail meat pulp, 32-35.5% of mussel meat pulp, 10.6-13.3% of kelp powder and 0.7-1.3% of chitosan. The bean flour, the kelp powder and the chitosan are uniformly mixed and then added into the snail meat pulp and the mussel meat pulp, so that the seedlings can actively ingest, and the quick growth of the seedlings is facilitated. The snail meat pulp and the mussel meat pulp are obtained by boiling the snails and the mussels, separating the cooked snails and the mussels from the shell and crushing the snails and the mussel meat into pulp. By adding the kelp powder, the kelp powder is rich in various easily absorbed mineral elements and trace elements, so that the phagostimulant of the juvenile shrimp feed is enhanced, the nutritional structure of the feed can be effectively improved, and the growth performance, the immunologic function and the liver and pancreas oxidation resistance of the shrimps are improved. The addition of chitosan in the feed for young shrimps is also favorable for improving the growth performance of the young shrimps, enhancing the activity of digestive enzyme of the shrimps, enhancing the activity of nonspecific immune factors in serum and liver and pancreas of the shrimps, and improving the content of biochemical factors in the serum, so that the young shrimps have stronger disease prevention and disease resistance.

Preferably, the barrier separating belt is a strip-shaped barrier fixed at the bottom of the tank body, and a slope for seedlings to climb is arranged on one side of the barrier separating belt facing the water outlet. The barrier separating belt is used for testing the mobility of the seedlings, and because of the habit that procambarus clarkii prefers to go up to the back water, the seedlings climb from the lower part of the pool bottom close to the water outlet to the higher part of the pool bottom close to the water inlet, and can cross over the seedlings of the barrier separating belt between different areas along a slope, so that the barrier separating belt proves to have stronger mobility and is often superior to other seedlings in the aspects of form and physique.

Preferably, the barrier separating belt is provided with a water passing groove for water flow to pass through. Water flow can flow to the next breeding unit area from the water passing groove, so that the lowest water level height of the breeding unit area is reduced to the position of the water passing hole from the top of the separation barrier zone, the water level height of the breeding unit area is convenient to control, the difficulty of seedlings passing through the separation barrier zone is convenient to regulate and control, and the arrangement of the separation barrier zone is more reasonable.

Preferably, one side of the separation barrier belt facing the water inlet is provided with a buffer slope, and the inclination of the buffer slope is greater than that of the slope. Preferably, the included angle between the slope and the bottom surface of the pool body is 15-30 degrees.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1) the method provided by the invention has the advantages that the excellent diet and living environment are provided for the young shrimps by starting the cultivation from the hatching stage of the young shrimps, the healthy and rapid growth of the young shrimps is facilitated, then the young shrimps are selectively cultivated by using the selective breeding pond, so that the young shrimps with different specifications and sizes are gathered in different selective breeding unit areas, the screened young shrimps with strong climbing activity are thrown into the rice field, and the young shrimps in the different selective breeding unit areas are thrown into different rice fields, so that the damage of mutual self-mutilation among the young shrimps is effectively reduced, and the survival rate and the unit yield of the Procambrus clarkii in the rice field are improved.

2) The invention is beneficial to improving the growth performance and the disease prevention and resistance capability of the shrimp larvae by controlling and adjusting the environmental factors such as water temperature, feed, dissolved oxygen and the like of the shrimp larvae at each growth stage, thereby effectively improving the survival rate of the shrimp larvae in the rice field and providing favorable conditions for the breeding of the shrimp larvae.

3) According to the invention, through the breeding step, the high-quality shrimp seeds with strong climbing activity are bred and separated, and the high-quality shrimp seeds and other shrimp seeds are separately put in and cultured, so that the commercial shrimps with good meat quality and large size can be obtained, and the grown shrimps obtained by culturing the high-quality shrimp seeds can be sold as the high-quality commercial shrimps and can also be reserved as the breeding shrimps to culture next generation high-quality seedlings.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a breeding pond adopted by the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the breeding pond of the present invention.

In the figure, 1, a pool body; 2. a water inlet; 3. a water outlet; 4. breeding a unit area; 5. separating the barrier strips; 51. a slope; 52. buffering the slope; 6. and (4) passing through a water tank.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions of the present invention will be described clearly and completely with reference to the following embodiments, and it should be understood that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be obtained by a person skilled in the art without inventive effort based on the embodiments of the present invention, are within the scope of the present invention.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the breeding pond adopted by the invention comprises a pond body 1, a water inlet 2 and a water outlet 3 are respectively arranged at two ends of the pond body 1, and intercepting devices are respectively arranged at the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 to prevent the seedlings from leaving the pond body 1 from the water inlet 2 or the water outlet 3. A plurality of mutually parallel breeding unit areas 4 are arranged in the pool body 1 in parallel, the breeding unit areas 4 are distributed along the connecting line direction of the water inlet 2 and the water outlet 3 in sequence, a separation barrier belt 5 for breeding seedlings is arranged between any two adjacent breeding unit areas 4, and the separation barrier belts 5 are also mutually parallel. The bottom surface of cell body 1 is by water inlet 2 to 3 direction slants of delivery port slant decline, from left right slant decline promptly, when adding water in to the breeding pond through water inlet 2, rivers flow from water inlet 2 delivery port 3 departments of right below, when breeding procambarus clarkia like this, put into the seedling with delivery port 3 adjacent breeding unit district 4 on the rightmost side, the seedling is in the upward breeding unit district 4 climbing of left under the habit of preferring to be against the water to go up, the seedling that climbing mobility is stronger can stride across and separate barrier zone 5 and get into next breeding unit district 4.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, the separating barrier belt 5 adopted by the invention is a strip-shaped barrier fixed at the bottom of the tank body 1, a slope 51 for seedlings to climb is arranged on one side (right side) of the separating barrier belt 5 facing the water outlet 3, a buffer slope 52 is arranged on one side (left side) facing the water inlet 2, and the inclination of the buffer slope 52 is greater than that of the slope 51. Slope 51's the slope has decisive action to the climbing degree of difficulty of separating obstacle area 5, and the slope is too big directly to lead to the climbing degree of difficulty too big, and the slope undersize is difficult to play the effect of screening and breeding again, consequently, sets up the contained angle between slope 51 and 1 bottom surface of cell body at 15 ~ 30 within ranges. The barrier separating belt 5 is provided with a water passing groove 6 for water flow to pass through, in order to prevent seedlings from entering the next breeding unit area 4 from the water passing groove 6, an intercepting net can be fixedly installed in the water passing groove 6, and the seedlings are ensured to cross the barrier separating belt 5 by climbing a slope 51.

Meanwhile, in order to control the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen amount in the pool during the breeding, a temperature sensor and a dissolved oxygen meter, such as a 109 temperature sensor and an SIN-DO700 fluorescence dissolved oxygen meter, may be disposed in the pool body 1 to detect the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen in the pool body 1, and a heating device and an oxygenation pump may be disposed at a water source communicated with the water inlet 2 to adjust the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen amount and control the water temperature and the dissolved oxygen amount in the pool.