阅读说明：本技术 植物源农药制备方法及植物源农药 (Preparation method of plant-derived pesticide and plant-derived pesticide ) 是由 黄洁翰 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种植物源农药制备方法及植物源农药,制备方法包括以下步骤：S1、辣椒原材烘干粉碎后用第一有机溶剂浸提,过滤后得辣椒提取液；花椒原材烘干粉碎后用第一有机溶剂浸提,过滤后得花椒提取液；S2、分别蒸发步骤S1得到的辣椒提取液和花椒提取液,得辣椒浸膏和花椒浸膏；S3、用第二有机溶剂萃取步骤S2得到的辣椒浸膏,得辣椒萃取液；用第二有机溶剂萃取步骤S2得到的花椒浸膏,得花椒萃取液；S4、混合步骤S3得到的辣椒萃取液和花椒萃取液,加入乙醇、乙酸,搅拌得到植物源农药。植物源农药以水主要原料,以辣椒浸提液和花椒浸提液为主要功能物质,辅以乙醇、乙酸等功能增强剂,达到驱虫、杀虫,防病、治病的效果,无异味、无残留、无污染。(The invention relates to a preparation method of a plant source pesticide and the plant source pesticide, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: s1, drying and crushing the pepper raw material, leaching with a first organic solvent, and filtering to obtain a pepper extracting solution; drying and crushing raw materials of the pepper, extracting the crushed raw materials by using a first organic solvent, and filtering the mixture to obtain a pepper extracting solution; s2, respectively evaporating the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S1 to obtain hot pepper extract and pepper extract; s3, extracting the chili extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain chili extract; extracting the pepper extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain pepper extract liquid; s4, mixing the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S3, adding ethanol and acetic acid, and stirring to obtain the botanical pesticide. The botanical pesticide uses water as main material, hot pepper leaching liquid and Chinese prickly ash leaching liquid as main functional matter, and ethanol, acetic acid and other functional reinforcing agent as supplementary material to reach the effects of expelling parasite, killing parasite, preventing and treating diseases, and has no bad smell, residue and pollution.)

1. A preparation method of a plant source pesticide is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, drying and crushing the pepper raw material, leaching with a first organic solvent, and filtering to obtain a pepper extracting solution; drying and crushing raw materials of the pepper, extracting the crushed raw materials by using a first organic solvent, and filtering the mixture to obtain a pepper extracting solution;

s2, evaporating the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S1 respectively to obtain hot pepper extract and pepper extract;

s3, extracting the chili extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain chili extract; extracting the pepper extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain a pepper extract;

s4, mixing the pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S3, adding ethanol and acetic acid, and stirring to obtain the botanical pesticide.

2. The method for preparing a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1 wherein the pepper stock is taken from the aerial parts of a pepper plant and the pepper stock is taken from the fruit of zanthoxylum bungeanum; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.

3. The method for preparing a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 1, wherein 10-15 mL of the first organic solvent is added to 1g of the dried and crushed pepper raw material;

and 5-10 mL of the first organic solvent is added into every 1g of the dried and crushed raw pepper.

4. The method for producing a plant-derived pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the first organic solvent is at least one of an alcohol, an aqueous alcohol solution, and acetone, the alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, propylene glycol, and butanol, and the volume fraction of the alcohol in the aqueous alcohol solution is 60% to 80%.

5. The preparation method of the plant-derived pesticide according to claim 1, wherein the leaching is performed under ultrasonic conditions, and the ultrasonic power is 80-100 Hz; leaching for 12-24 hours; the temperature is 20-30 ℃; the leaching times are 3-5 times.

6. The method for producing a plant-derived pesticide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the evaporation is performed in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 50 ℃ to 60 ℃; the vacuum degree is 200-300 Pa; and (4) concentrating the hot pepper extracting solution into a hot pepper extract at the rotating speed of 70-100 r/min, and concentrating the hot pepper extracting solution into a hot pepper extract.

7. The method for preparing a botanical pesticide as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5 wherein 10-15 mL of the second organic solvent is added per 1g of the capsicum extract; the extraction time of the hot pepper extract is 0.5-5 h; adding 5-10 mL of the second organic solvent into every 1g of the pepper extract; the extraction time of the pepper extract is 0.5-5 h.

8. The method for preparing a botanical pesticide as claimed in claim 7 wherein the second organic solvent is acetone and diethyl ether in a volume ratio of 1: (1-2).

9. The method for producing a plant-derived pesticide according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the ethanol and the acetic acid are added in the form of an aqueous solution, and the volume fraction of the ethanol and the acetic acid is 95% or more.

10. A plant source pesticide, which is obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9, and is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: in the step S1, 5 to 20 parts of pepper leach liquor and 1 to 10 parts of pepper leach liquor are used, and in the step S4, 20 to 50 parts of ethanol and 20 to 50 parts of acetic acid are used.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of pesticides, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a plant-derived pesticide and the plant-derived pesticide.

Background

For many years, chemical pesticides have been widely used worldwide due to their high efficiency, quick action, low cost and convenient use, and are monopolized in plant protection.

However, after the 80 th 20 th century, with the growing public interest in health and environmental issues, chemical pesticides have been questioned due to their residue, environmental pollution, and other issues. The botanical pesticide becomes one of the more ideal substitute products.

The plant source pesticide is an active substance with insecticidal or bactericidal effect prepared by directly utilizing or extracting roots, stems, leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds and the like of plants or utilizing secondary metabolites thereof.

The pepper plants and fruits contain various bioactive substances such as capsaicin and the like, and have strong disease prevention and insect expelling effects, and the pesticide taking the pepper plants and fruits as the main component has no peculiar smell, no residue and good effect, is very suitable for ornamental plants such as flowers and the like, and can also be used for organic planting and breeding and the like.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a preparation method of a plant-derived pesticide and the plant-derived pesticide.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: a preparation method of a plant source pesticide is constructed, and comprises the following steps:

s1, drying and crushing the pepper raw material, leaching with a first organic solvent, and filtering to obtain a pepper extracting solution; drying and crushing raw materials of the pepper, extracting the crushed raw materials by using a first organic solvent, and filtering the mixture to obtain a pepper extracting solution;

s2, evaporating the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S1 respectively to obtain hot pepper extract and pepper extract;

s3, extracting the chili extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain chili extract; extracting the pepper extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain a pepper extract;

s4, mixing the pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S3, adding ethanol and acetic acid, and stirring to obtain the botanical pesticide.

Preferably, the pepper raw material is taken from the aerial parts of pepper plants, and the pepper raw material is taken from the fruits of pepper; the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃.

Preferably, 10-15 mL of the first organic solvent is added into every 1g of the dried and crushed raw pepper;

and 5-10 mL of the first organic solvent is added into every 1g of the dried and crushed raw pepper.

Preferably, the first organic solvent is at least one of alcohol, alcohol aqueous solution and acetone, the alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, propylene glycol and butanol, and the alcohol aqueous solution has an alcohol volume fraction of 60% to 80%.

Preferably, leaching is carried out under an ultrasonic condition, and the ultrasonic power is 80-100 Hz; leaching for 12-24 hours; the temperature is 20-30 ℃; the leaching times are 3-5 times.

Preferably, the evaporation is carried out in a rotary evaporator at a temperature of 50 ℃ to 60 ℃; the vacuum degree is 200-300 Pa; and (4) concentrating the hot pepper extracting solution into a hot pepper extract at the rotating speed of 70-100 r/min, and concentrating the hot pepper extracting solution into a hot pepper extract.

Preferably, 10-15 mL of the second organic solvent is added into every 1g of the hot pepper extract; the extraction time of the hot pepper extract is 0.5-5 h; adding 5-10 mL of the second organic solvent into every 1g of the pepper extract; the extraction time of the pepper extract is 0.5-5 h.

Preferably, the second organic solvent is acetone and diethyl ether, and the volume ratio of the acetone to the diethyl ether is 1: (1-2).

Preferably, the ethanol and the acetic acid are added in the form of an aqueous solution, and the volume fraction of the ethanol and the acetic acid is 95% or more.

The preparation method of the plant source pesticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: in the step S1, 5 to 20 parts of pepper leach liquor and 1 to 10 parts of pepper leach liquor are used, and in the step S4, 20 to 50 parts of ethanol and 20 to 50 parts of acetic acid are used.

The preparation method of the plant source pesticide and the plant source pesticide have the following beneficial effects: the prepared botanical pesticide takes water as a main raw material, takes pepper extract and pepper extract as main functional substances, and is supplemented with functional enhancers such as ethanol, acetic acid and the like, so that the effects of expelling parasites, killing insects, preventing and treating diseases can be well achieved, and no peculiar smell, residue and pollution are generated.

Drawings

The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:

fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of a method for preparing a plant-derived pesticide in an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

For a more clear understanding of the technical features, objects and effects of the present invention, embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

As shown in fig. 1, the preparation method of the plant-derived pesticide in a preferred embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps:

s1, drying and crushing the pepper raw material, leaching with a first organic solvent, and filtering to obtain a pepper extracting solution; drying and crushing raw materials of the pepper, extracting the crushed raw materials by using a first organic solvent, and filtering the mixture to obtain a pepper extracting solution;

s2, respectively evaporating the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S1 to obtain hot pepper extract and pepper extract;

s3, extracting the chili extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain chili extract; extracting the pepper extract obtained in the step S2 by using a second organic solvent to obtain pepper extract liquid;

s4, mixing the hot pepper extract and the pepper extract obtained in the step S3, adding ethanol and acetic acid, and stirring to obtain the botanical pesticide.

The prepared botanical pesticide takes water as a main raw material, takes pepper extract and pepper extract as main functional substances, and is supplemented with functional enhancers such as ethanol, acetic acid and the like, so that the effects of expelling parasites, killing insects, preventing and treating diseases can be well achieved, and no peculiar smell, residue and pollution are generated.

The pepper raw material is taken from the overground part of a pepper plant, the pepper raw material is taken from the fruits of pepper, the drying temperature is 60-80 ℃, the pepper raw material is dried and then crushed by a crusher, and the pepper raw material is sieved for later use.

In the step S1, 10-15 mL of a first organic solvent is added into every 1g of dried and crushed chili raw materials; and adding 5-10 mL of a first organic solvent into 1g of the dried and crushed raw pepper.

The first organic solvent is at least one of alcohol, alcohol aqueous solution and acetone, the alcohol is at least one of methanol, ethanol, propanol, propylene glycol and butanol, and the volume fraction of the alcohol in the alcohol aqueous solution is 60-80%.

Leaching is carried out under the ultrasonic condition, and the ultrasonic power is 80-100 Hz; leaching for 12-24 hours; the temperature is 20-30 ℃; the leaching times are 3-5 times.

In step S2, evaporation is carried out in a rotary evaporator at the temperature of 50-60 ℃; the vacuum degree is 200-300 Pa; and (4) concentrating the hot pepper extract into a hot pepper extract at the rotating speed of 70-100 r/min, and concentrating the hot pepper extract into a hot pepper extract.

In step S3, adding 10-15 mL of a second organic solvent into each 1g of pepper extract; the extraction time of the hot pepper extract is 0.5 to 5 hours; adding 5-10 mL of a second organic solvent into every 1g of pepper extract; the extraction time of the pepper extract is 0.5 to 5 hours.

The second organic solvent is acetone and diethyl ether, and the volume ratio of the acetone to the diethyl ether is 1: (1-2).

In step S4, ethanol and acetic acid are added as an aqueous solution, and the volume fraction of ethanol and acetic acid is 95% or more.

The preparation method of the botanical pesticide comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: in step S1, 5 to 20 parts of pepper leach liquor and 1 to 10 parts of pepper leach liquor, and in step S4, 20 to 50 parts of ethanol and 20 to 50 parts of acetic acid.

The following are detailed description of the embodiments

In the following examples, unless otherwise specified, other components not specifically indicated except for inevitable impurities are not contained; wherein the parts are all parts by mass.