阅读说明：本技术 水葫芦有机肥的制备方法 (Preparation method of water hyacinth organic fertilizer ) 是由 杨盛昌 杨晓楠 于 2018-07-10 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供一种水葫芦有机肥的制备方法,包括制备水葫芦浆体、去除水葫芦浆体中的重金属、制备水葫芦料、制备秸秆料和玉米芯料、制备水葫芦发酵料、混合发酵、高温灭菌、造粒八个步骤,制得的水葫芦有机肥中有机质含量在60~70%之间,总养分在8~10%之间氮含量在3~3.5%之间,磷含量在2~2.5%之间,钾含量在2.5~3%之间。该制备方法工艺简单、生产成本较低、制备的水葫芦有机肥肥力足、重金属含量低,对农作物的生长具有较高的肥力价值和实施价值。(The invention provides a preparation method of water hyacinth organic fertilizer, which comprises eight steps of preparing water hyacinth slurry, removing heavy metal in the water hyacinth slurry, preparing water hyacinth material, preparing straw material and corn cob material, preparing water hyacinth fermentation material, mixing and fermenting, sterilizing at high temperature and granulating, wherein the organic matter content in the prepared water hyacinth organic fertilizer is between 60 ~ 70%, the nitrogen content is between 3 ~ 3.5.5% and the total nutrient is between 8 ~ 10%, the phosphorus content is between 2 ~ 2.5.5% and the potassium content is between 2.5 ~ 3%.)

1. The preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

A. preparing water hyacinth slurry: crushing the cleaned fresh water hyacinth by a crusher to prepare water hyacinth slurry, and storing the water hyacinth slurry in a storage pool;

B. removing heavy metals in the water hyacinth slurry: placing a plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials in a storage pool, performing adsorption treatment on heavy metal ions in the water hyacinth slurry for 1-2 hours, taking out the plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials, cleaning, recovering heavy metals, and recycling the plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials to adsorb heavy metals;

C. preparing water hyacinth material: filtering the water hyacinth slurry by using a screen, separating to obtain water hyacinth residues, namely water hyacinth materials, and storing the water hyacinth materials in a container for later use; storing the water hyacinth liquid passing through the screen in a soaking pool for later use;

D. preparing straw materials and corncob materials, namely putting the plant straws and the corncobs into a soaking pool which stores water hyacinth liquid for soaking for 1 ~ 2 hours, so that the plant straws and the corncobs absorb the water hyacinth liquid sufficiently, and crushing the plant straws and the corncobs respectively by using a crusher after soaking to prepare the straw materials and the corncob materials for later use;

E. c, preparing a water hyacinth fermented material, namely mixing the water hyacinth material in the step C and the straw material in the step D according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed material, placing the mixed material in a fermentation container, then placing earthworms into the fermentation container, covering a shading cover, culturing for 1 ~ 2 months, controlling the culture temperature to be 20 ℃, loosening the mixed material every 10 days, after the culture is finished, luring the earthworms out by using an attractant, and then fermenting the mixture for the next batch of mixed material, wherein the mixed material after earthworm culture is the water hyacinth fermented material for later use;

F. mixing and fermenting, namely uniformly mixing and stirring the water hyacinth fermented material, the corncob material, the waste mushroom fungus bar material, the animal manure and the biological agent according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 1: 0.01 ~ 0.02.02, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 20 ~ 30 days, controlling the temperature in the fermentation tank to be 65 ~ 70 ℃, preparing compost and biogas after the fermentation is finished, and recycling the biogas;

G. high-temperature sterilization, namely putting the compost prepared in the step F into a large sterilization pot for high-temperature sterilization treatment, controlling the sterilization temperature at 100 ~ 110 ℃, sterilizing for 4 ~ 5 hours, and keeping the water content in the compost at 65 ~ 75% for later use after the sterilization is finished;

H. and (3) granulating, namely granulating the sterilized compost by using a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the finished water hyacinth organic fertilizer, wherein the particle size of the obtained product is 3 ~ 4 mm, and the water content is 4 ~ 5%.

2. The preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heavy metal adsorbing material is a nano porous ceramic composite material prepared from magnetic composite hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.

3. The preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the height of the mixture placed in the fermentation container is 10 ~ 20cm, and 1 kg of adult earthworms are placed in each 100 kg of mixture.

4. The preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the attractant is prepared by mixing white granulated sugar, dead leaves, corn flour and sweet sorghum straw.

5. The preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the biological agent is a mixed microbial agent of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, yeast, actinomycetes and azotobacter: the weight ratio of the components is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.

6. the preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the organic fertilizer has an organic matter content of 60 ~ 70%, a total nutrient of 8 ~ 10%, a pH value of 6.8 ~ 7.5, a nitrogen content of 3 ~ 3.5.5%, a phosphorus content of 2 ~ 2.5.5% and a potassium content of 2.5 ~ 3%.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of organic fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a preparation method of a water hyacinth organic fertilizer.

Background

The water hyacinth belongs to the genus Eichhornia of the family Potentilla, is a perennial floating herbaceous plant, has extremely strong reproductive capacity, has nearly mad growth speed in eutrophicated water bodies of rivers and lakes, can breed a new plant every 5 days, can breed groups of 60 thousands of plants in 8 months, can block water channels and influence traffic, and can consume a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the water body in the outbreak growth and the rotting stage of the water hyacinth, thereby greatly reducing the activity and the breeding space of underwater animals, causing a large amount of deaths of the aquatic animals and destroying the ecological balance of the water body. Therefore, how to reduce the harm of the water hyacinth and use the water hyacinth to change waste into valuable becomes an important problem for treating water body pollution and protecting the water body environment.

The water hyacinth is rich in resources and easy to obtain, contains rich nutrient components, not only contains conventional nutrient components such as protein, calcium, phosphorus and the like, but also contains trace elements such as iron, magnesium and the like, and amino acids such as lysine, valine and the like, is commonly used for preparing livestock and poultry feeds, agricultural fertilizers, fuel energy and the like, greatly realizes the utilization of the water hyacinth resources, and changes waste into valuables.

In the technical field of processing and utilizing of existing water hyacinth, the prior art close to the water hyacinth is a method for producing organic fertilizer by using water hyacinth, the application number of which is 201010168881.X, the planting medium made of water hyacinth and the preparation method of the planting medium are 201010201119.7, the water hyacinth organic fertilizer and the preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer are 201510942474.2, the preparation method of the water hyacinth and blue-green algae compound fermentation organic fertilizer, the application number of which is 201611243757.9, the prior art is that the water hyacinth is mixed and fermented with farmyard manure or microorganisms to prepare the organic fertilizer, a way is found for reasonable utilization of the water hyacinth, and the water hyacinth is changed into valuable materials, but the prior art has certain defects that the water content of the water hyacinth is high, the water content of fresh water hyacinth is 95%, a large-scale dehydration equipment is needed before the preparation of the organic fertilizer, the water hyacinth is reduced to 60 ~%, the production cost is high, the water hyacinth contains a large amount of impurities in 30% of water hyacinth which is directly discharged into the water, the water hyacinth is increased in the water content of heavy metals in rivers, the water hyacinth, the water is difficult to absorb heavy metals in the agricultural water, the heavy metals in the water fertilizer, the water hyacinth is increased, the heavy metals in the growth of crops, the dry fertilizer, the water, the heavy metals in the growth of the crop growth of crops, the crop, the heavy metals in the soil, the heavy metals are hardly cause the heavy metals, the heavy metals are easily increased, the heavy metals in the soil, and the growth of the crop growth of the.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a preparation method of a water hyacinth organic fertilizer, aiming at the problems that in the prior art, the organic fertilizer prepared by water hyacinth has high water hyacinth dehydration cost, the dehydrated water hyacinth liquid is easy to cause secondary pollution, the heavy metal content of the produced water hyacinth organic fertilizer exceeds the standard, and the organic matter and the nutrient are not high, and the specific scheme is as follows:

a preparation method of water hyacinth organic fertilizer comprises the following steps:

A. preparing water hyacinth slurry: crushing the cleaned fresh water hyacinth by a crusher to prepare water hyacinth slurry, and storing the water hyacinth slurry in a storage pool;

B. removing heavy metals in the water hyacinth slurry: placing a plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials in a storage pool, performing adsorption treatment on heavy metal ions in the water hyacinth slurry for 1-2 hours, taking out the plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials, cleaning, recovering heavy metals, and recycling the plurality of layers of heavy metal adsorption materials to adsorb heavy metals;

C. preparing water hyacinth material: filtering the water hyacinth slurry by using a screen, separating to obtain water hyacinth residues, namely water hyacinth materials, and storing the water hyacinth materials in a container for later use; storing the water hyacinth liquid passing through the screen in a soaking pool for later use;

D. preparing straw materials and corncob materials, namely putting the plant straws and the corncobs into a soaking pool which stores water hyacinth liquid for soaking for 1 ~ 2 hours, so that the plant straws and the corncobs absorb the water hyacinth liquid sufficiently, and crushing the plant straws and the corncobs respectively by using a crusher after soaking to prepare the straw materials and the corncob materials for later use;

E. c, preparing a water hyacinth fermented material, namely mixing the water hyacinth material in the step C and the straw material in the step D according to a weight ratio of 1: 1, uniformly stirring to prepare a mixed material, placing the mixed material in a fermentation container, then placing earthworms into the fermentation container, covering a shading cover, culturing for 1 ~ 2 months, controlling the culture temperature to be 20 ℃, loosening the mixed material every 10 days, after the culture is finished, luring the earthworms out by using an attractant, and then fermenting the mixture for the next batch of mixed material, wherein the mixed material after earthworm culture is the water hyacinth fermented material for later use;

F. mixing and fermenting, namely uniformly mixing and stirring the water hyacinth fermented material, the corncob material, the waste mushroom fungus bar material, the animal manure and the biological agent according to the weight ratio of 3: 1: 1: 0.01 ~ 0.02.02, putting the mixture into a fermentation tank, fermenting for 20 ~ 30 days, controlling the temperature in the fermentation tank to be 65 ~ 70 ℃, preparing compost and biogas after the fermentation is finished, and recycling the biogas;

G. high-temperature sterilization, namely putting the compost prepared in the step F into a large sterilization pot for high-temperature sterilization treatment, controlling the sterilization temperature at 100 ~ 110 ℃, sterilizing for 4 ~ 5 hours, and keeping the water content in the compost at 65 ~ 75% for later use after the sterilization is finished;

H. and (3) granulating, namely granulating the sterilized compost by using a granulator, drying, cooling and screening to obtain the finished water hyacinth organic fertilizer, wherein the particle size of the obtained product is 3 ~ 4 mm, and the water content is 4 ~ 5%.

The heavy metal adsorption material is a nano porous ceramic composite material prepared by magnetic composite hydroxyapatite nanoparticles.

The height of the mixture placed in the fermentation container is 10 ~ 20cm, and 1 kg of adult earthworms are placed in each 100 kg of mixture.

The attractant is prepared by mixing white granulated sugar, dead leaves, corn flour and sweet sorghum straws.

The biological agent is a mixed microbial inoculum of photosynthetic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, saccharomycetes, actinomycetes and azotobacter, and the weight ratio of the mixed microbial inoculum is 1: 1: 1: 1: 1.

the organic fertilizer has the organic matter content of 60 ~ 70% and total nutrient content of 8 ~ 10%, the pH value of 6.8 ~ 7.5, the nitrogen content of 3 ~ 3.5.5%, the phosphorus content of 2 ~ 2.5.5% and the potassium content of 2.5 ~ 3%.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the invention comprehensively utilizes the easily obtained waste substances of water hyacinth, plant straws, corncobs, waste mushroom fungus bars and animal wastes, and changes waste into valuable, saves resources and avoids waste.

Secondly, the water hyacinth is directly crushed without dehydration, so that the production cost is greatly saved, the production complexity is reduced, and the water hyacinth liquid passing through the screen is used for soaking straw materials and corn cob materials, so that the utilization efficiency of water hyacinth resources is improved, and the problem of secondary pollution caused by the discharge of the water hyacinth liquid is avoided.

Thirdly, heavy metals in the water hyacinth slurry are adsorbed by the aid of the multiple layers of heavy metal adsorbing materials, so that the content of the heavy metals enriched in the water hyacinth is greatly reduced, the quality of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer is improved, and healthy development of agricultural production is facilitated.

And fourthly, the water hyacinth materials and the straw materials are biologically fermented by the earthworms, the earthworms are used for producing excrement through biological decomposition and fermentation, the fertility of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer is greatly improved, the water hyacinth fermented materials, the corncob materials, the waste mushroom bacterial bar materials and the animal excrement are mixed and fermented through biological agents again, the content of lignin and cellulose in the water hyacinth is greatly reduced, the content of organic matters and the content of total nutrients in the water hyacinth organic fertilizer are improved, the content of the organic matters in the prepared water hyacinth organic fertilizer is 60 ~ 70%, the content of the total nutrients is 8 ~ 10%, the content of nitrogen is 3 ~ 3.5.5%, the content of phosphorus is 2 ~ 2.5.5%, and the content of potassium is 2.5 ~ 3%, so that the nutritional requirements of crop growth are met.

Fifth, the preparation method of the water hyacinth organic fertilizer is simple, the production cost is low, the prepared water hyacinth organic fertilizer is sufficient in fertility and low in heavy metal content, and the water hyacinth organic fertilizer has high fertility value and implementation value for the growth of crops.

Detailed Description