阅读说明：本技术 一种用于十字花科蔬菜水培的营养液及用途 (Nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics and application ) 是由 龚化勤 何舒雅 刘�东 于 2019-10-17 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种用于十字花科蔬菜水培的营养液及其制备方法和用途,所述营养液营养成分包括氮6.8-7.1mmol/L,钾4.9-5.1mmol/L,磷0.95-1.0mmol/L,钙1.22-1.28mmol/L,镁0.95-1.0mmol/L,铁0.12-0.14mmol/L,锰0.009-0.01mmol/L,铜0.0002-0.0003mmol/L,硼0.048-0.053mmol/L,锌0.005-0.0055mmol/L,钼0.0003-0.00033mmol/L,硫1.0mmol/L,其中,含有氮元素的原料包括NH<Sub>4</Sub><Sup>+</Sup>-N和NO<Sub>3</Sub><Sup>-</Sup>-N,且NH<Sub>4</Sub><Sup>+</Sup>-N/NO<Sub>3</Sub><Sup>-</Sup>-N值为0.10-0.18。本发明所提供的营养液配方解决了目前在室内人工光环境下,十字花科蔬菜在通用配方下生长速度较慢的问题。(The nutrient solution comprises 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH 4 + -N and NO 3 ‑ -N, and NH 4 + ‑N/NO 3 ‑ The value of-N is from 0.10 to 0.18. The nutrient solution formula provided by the invention solves the problem that the growth speed of cruciferous vegetables is low under a general formula in an indoor artificial light environment at present.)

1. A nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable water culture is characterized in that nutrient components of the nutrient solution comprise 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of iron, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein a raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N, and NH₄ ⁺-N/NO₃ ^-The value of-N is from 0.16 to 0.18.

2. The nutrient solution for the water culture of cruciferous vegetables, according to claim 1, wherein the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer, the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer comprising the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.

3. The nutrient solution for the water culture of cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 2, wherein the solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer consists of fertilizer A, fertilizer B and fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A consists of a mixture of calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; and the fertilizer C is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

4. The nutrient solution for the hydroponic culture of cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 3, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate in fertilizer A to potassium nitrate in fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.

5. A preparation method of a nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:

a. according to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen element comprises NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N, and NH₄ ⁺-N/NO₃ ^-Weighing the required raw materials of calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate and dihydrogen phosphate according to the standard with the-N value of 0.16-0.18Potassium, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride;

b. preparation of fertilizer A: uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use;

c. preparing a fertilizer B: taking magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use;

d. preparation of fertilizer C: mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature;

(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;

(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.

6. The preparation method of the nutrient solution for the hydroponic culture of the cruciferous vegetables as claimed in claim 5, wherein the mass ratio of potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.

7. Use of the nutrient solution for hydroponics of cruciferous vegetables according to any one of claims 1 to 4 or the nutrient solution for hydroponics of cruciferous vegetables prepared by the preparation method according to any one of claims 5 to 6, which is characterized by its application in hydroponics under semi-artificial light in greenhouses, and under total artificial light in plant factories.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of vegetable cultivation, and particularly relates to a nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics and application thereof.

Background

Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables which are named after cruciferous corolla and mainly comprise Chinese cabbage, mustard and the like, and the varieties are very rich. The family has important economic value and is greatly changed and introduced to human beings, and a plurality of varieties and cultivars are vegetables which are eaten by people in daily life. It has been reported that recipes comprising cruciferous plants can prevent a variety of common diseases. However, cruciferous vegetables can synthesize mustard oil with higher concentration, and pieris rapae and the like have chemotaxis on the mustard oil, are extremely easy to be damaged by diseases and pests in outdoor cultivation, and because the cruciferous vegetables mostly grow fast, the requirements on low toxicity, high efficiency and difficult residue of pesticides are high, and the difficulty in guaranteeing the safety and cleanliness of products is high. This problem can be solved well by using indoor hydroponic systems to grow these vegetables.

At present, the vegetables are planted by utilizing an indoor water culture system, formula nutrient solutions such as Hoagland's water culture nutrient solution, a Japanese garden type balanced formula, a Japanese Kawasaki leaf vegetable formula and the like are mostly adopted, the nutrient solutions are difficult to adapt to the cultivation of the cruciferous vegetables under an indoor fully artificial light environment, and the phenomena of poor growth, low yield, yellow spots of leaves, scorched centers and the like are easy to occur.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide the nutrient solution for the water culture of the cruciferous vegetables and the application thereof.

The invention adopts the specific technical scheme that:

a nutrient solution for water culture of cruciferous vegetables comprises 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of iron, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen comprises NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N, and NH₄ ⁺-N/NO₃ ^-The value of-N is from 0.16 to 0.18.

In order to better realize the invention, the nutrient solution is prepared from a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer which comprises the following components: calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, monopotassium phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride.

In order to better realize the invention, the solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer consists of a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C, wherein the fertilizer A is formed by mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron; the fertilizer B is formed by mixing magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate; and the fertilizer C is formed by mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, monopotassium phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate.

In order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate in the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides a preparation method of the nutrient solution for the cruciferous vegetable hydroponics, which comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a solid nutrient solution water-soluble fertilizer:

a. according to the working concentration of each nutrient component in the nutrient solution of 6.8-7.1mmol/L of nitrogen, 4.9-5.1mmol/L of potassium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of phosphorus, 1.22-1.28mmol/L of calcium, 0.95-1.0mmol/L of magnesium, 0.12-0.14mmol/L of ferrum, 0.009-0.01mmol/L of manganese, 0.0002-0.0003mmol/L of copper, 0.048-0.053mmol/L of boron, 0.005-0.0055mmol/L of zinc, 0.0003-0.00033mmol/L of molybdenum and 1.0mmol/L of sulfur, wherein the raw material containing nitrogen element comprises NH₄ ⁺-N and NO₃ ^--N, and NH₄ ⁺-N/NO₃ ^-Weighing required raw materials including calcium ammonium nitrate, potassium nitrate, magnesium sulfate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, EDTA chelated iron, boric acid, manganese sulfate, zinc sulfate, copper sulfate, sodium molybdate and potassium chloride according to the standard that the-N value is 0.16-0.18;

b. preparation of fertilizer A: uniformly mixing calcium ammonium nitrate, sodium molybdate, potassium chloride, potassium nitrate and EDTA chelated iron, and standing at room temperature for later use;

c. preparing a fertilizer B: taking magnesium sulfate, manganese sulfate, copper sulfate and zinc sulfate, uniformly mixing, and standing at room temperature for later use;

d. preparation of fertilizer C: mixing potassium nitrate, boric acid, potassium dihydrogen phosphate and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, and standing at room temperature;

(2) preparing a concentrated nutrient solution: respectively dissolving a fertilizer A, a fertilizer B and a fertilizer C in RO water to prepare a mother solution A, a mother solution B and a mother solution C, wherein the concentrations of the mother solution A, the mother solution B and the mother solution C are 200-fold and 400-fold of the working concentration of the nutrient solution;

(3) preparing a working nutrient solution on site: and (3) sequentially adding the same amount of the mother liquor A, the mother liquor B and the mother liquor C into a water bucket filled with water, stirring while adding, and fixing the volume to obtain a working nutrient solution which is used along with the preparation.

In order to better implement the invention, the mass ratio of the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer A to the potassium nitrate used for preparing the fertilizer C is 1: 1-2.

Correspondingly, the invention also provides application of the nutrient solution for cruciferous vegetable hydroponics, which is characterized in that the nutrient solution is applied to the cruciferous vegetable hydroponics in an indoor artificial light environment.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the nutrient solution formula provided by the invention solves the problem that the growth speed of cruciferous vegetables is low under a general formula in an indoor artificial light environment at present.

2. The hydroponic cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution product provided by the invention enters the market in the form of solid nutrient solution water soluble fertilizer (fertilizer A + fertilizer B + fertilizer C), is not easy to deteriorate, is beneficial to transportation, and is dissolved when in use.

3. The hydroponic cruciferous vegetable nutrient solution product provided by the invention solves the problem of caking generated in the storage process of the solid nutrient solution by reasonably distributing the raw materials contained in the fertilizer A, the fertilizer B and the fertilizer C.

4. The nutrient solution for the hydroponic brassicaceous vegetable is reasonable in proportion and rich in nutrition, the yield of the vegetable is improved, and the phenomena of leaf blotches and scorched edges are reduced by adopting a proper ammonium nitrate ratio.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples, but the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto, and various substitutions and alterations can be made without departing from the technical idea of the present invention as described above, according to the common technical knowledge and the conventional means in the field.