阅读说明：本技术 一种免追返青、分蘖肥的水稻基肥及其施用方法 (Rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering and application method thereof ) 是由 宁运旺 张辉 张永春 王磊 汪吉东 殷广德 王绪奎 朱德进 黄卉 王少华 于 2019-11-19 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种免追返青、分蘖肥的水稻基肥及其施用方法,以质量份数计,基肥包括氮肥26~32份、磷肥6~10份、钾肥8~12份,锌肥2~4份,氮肥增效剂1~2份,其中氮磷钾总质量份数不低于48份。施用本发明基肥,水稻可免追返青、分蘖肥,只在拔节期追肥一次即可。本发明设计符合水稻养分需求规律,在免追返青、分蘖肥前提下,基肥可满足水稻养分临界期(分蘖期)的养分需求,促进分蘖早生快发；拔节肥可满足水稻养分最大效率期(拔节孕穗期)的养分需求,避免脱肥早衰；因而具有稳定的肥料效果。本发明有效解决了水稻分蘖期施肥过于频密导致化肥过量投入的问题,可在化肥用量减少20.3~32.2%条件下,保持产量略增,氮肥回收率、农学效率、偏生产力和种植效益均明显提高。(The invention discloses a rice base fertilizer free of topdressing and tillering and an application method thereof, wherein the base fertilizer comprises 26 ~ parts of nitrogen fertilizer, ~ parts of phosphate fertilizer, 8 ~ parts of potassium fertilizer, 2 ~ parts of zinc fertilizer and 1 ~ parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist in parts by mass, wherein the total mass part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is not less than 48 parts.)

1. The rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering is characterized by comprising the following components, by mass, 26 ~ 32 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 6 ~ 10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 8 ~ 12 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 2 ~ 4 parts of a zinc fertilizer and 1 ~ 2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is not less than 48 parts.

2. The rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering fertilizer of claim 1, wherein the nitrogen fertilizer is medium-grain or large-grain urea containing 46.0% of N; the phosphate fertilizer contains 18.0 percent of N and P₂O₅Granular diammonium phosphate with the content of 48.0 percent and P₂O₅14.0% of granular superphosphate, containing P₂O₅45.0% by weight of granular superphosphate or P-containing₂O₅14.0 percent of one or more of granular calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizers; the potassium fertilizer contains K₂Granular potassium chloride with the O content of 60.0 percent, agricultural granular zinc sulfate with the Zn content of 25.0 ~ 33.0.0 percent as zinc fertilizer, and dicyandiamide with the nitrogen fertilizer synergist content of more than or equal to 99.5 percent.

3. The preparation method of the rice base fertilizer according to the claims 1 and 2, wherein the various raw materials are put into a stirrer together, stirred for 6 ~ 8 minutes at the rotating speed of 10 r/min, fully mixed, measured and packaged.

4. The application method of the rice base fertilizer according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the base fertilizer is broadcast before rice transplanting and mixed into soil in combination with soil preparation, or deeply applied by a rice transplanting and fertilizing integrated machine after soil preparation and rice transplanting.

5. The method for applying a rice base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the amount of the base fertilizer applied to the high-fertility soil accounts for 60%, the medium-fertility soil accounts for 55%, and the low-fertility soil accounts for 50% of the total amount of the base fertilizer applied to the rice on the basis of the mass of pure nitrogen.

6. The method for applying the rice base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein after the base fertilizer is applied, additional fertilizer is applied once in the jointing stage, and the additional fertilizer in the jointing stage is common urea.

7. The method for applying the rice base fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein before the rice base fertilizer is applied, harvesting of previous crops, returning of straws to fields and soil preparation are carried out.

8. The rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering fertilizer according to claim 1, characterized in that: the base fertilizer formula comprises 28 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer, 8 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 12 parts of potash fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 2 parts of nitrogenous fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogenous fertilizer, the phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer is 48 parts.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fertilizers and fertilizers, in particular to a rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering and an application method thereof.

Background

After the rice is transplanted, the field needs to undergo three stages of tillering, joint pulling, ear bearing and grain filling for growth and development. The tillering period lasts about 4 weeks, and farmers can also apply the striking root fertilizer and the tillering fertilizer in sequence in the tillering period except for applying the base fertilizer, namely the interval time of 3 times of fertilization in the tillering period is only about 7 days. Research shows that although increasing the fertilization times under the same fertilization amount is beneficial to improving the fertilizer effect, the fertilizer dosage in practical production always increases rapidly along with the increase of the fertilization times and becomes a main factor of excessive fertilizer input of rice^[1](ii) a Meanwhile, the additional fertilization is difficult to mechanically operate, and the fertilization labor cost is increased due to frequent fertilization; more importantly, due to the hysteresis effect of the fertilizer efficiency after the fertilizer is applied to the soil, the frequent fertilization in the period is easy to cause fertilizer loss and waste, and the fertilizer efficiency is reduced.

At present, a solution to the above problems is to apply a slow/controlled release fertilizer as a base fertilizer at one time. The once fertilization has been reported to have stable and increased yield due to its outstanding labor-saving property, and related patents have been published^[2]. The basic principle of one-time fertilization is to produce a controlled-release controlled fertilizer by means of coating and the like, so that the nutrient release of the controlled-release controlled fertilizer is synchronous with the nutrient requirement rule of crops. After the rice is transplanted, 2 nutrient absorption peaks exist, namely a tillering stage, and the nutrient which accounts for about 35 to 45 percent of the whole growth stage is absorbed in the stage (mainly provided by base fertilizer, striking root fertilizer and tillering fertilizer)) Is the critical period of nutrient absorption; secondly, in the period of jointing and booting, the nutrient (mainly provided by jointing fertilizer) which accounts for about 40-45% of the whole growth period is absorbed in the period of jointing and booting, and the period of maximum efficiency of nutrient absorption is the period of maximum nutrient absorption^[3]. Because of the influence of climate and soil property in different areas, the nutrient release of the slow-release fertilizer is often not matched with the nutrient requirement rule of crops, particularly in the sunned field after tillering, the fertilizer loss is increased due to the drastic change of soil temperature and humidity, the rice is easy to lose fertilizer and senilism in the maximum efficiency period, and the effect of one-time fertilization is unstable^[4-5]And has fresh application in rice production due to higher fertilizer price^[6]。

Therefore, aiming at excessive fertilizer input and waste, increased labor cost, instability of one-time fertilization effect and higher fertilizer cost caused by multiple fertilization in the tillering stage of rice, and meeting the needs of farmers for technologies with light simplification and low cost, the performance and application method of the existing base fertilizer are urgently needed to be improved, so that the fertilizer requirement rule of rice is met to meet the nutrient requirements of rice in the key growth stage and the fertilizer efficiency and planting benefit are improved on the premise of reducing the fertilization times and the fertilizer consumption and saving the labor cost.

Reference documents:

[1] the difference between south and north of rice planting behaviors of Jiangsu province and the influence of the rice planting behaviors on chemical fertilizer investment, namely Suzhou and Yancheng, Jiangsu agricultural science, 2018,34(3): 533-539.

[2] MAN, Yuan MAN, Yangxiang, etc. CN 108440054A (application No. 201810348794.9) is a fertilizer suitable for one-time fertilization of rice.

[3] Li Chao, Wei He, Xijun Wei, etc. the Yongyou series indica-japonica hybrid rice has the characteristics of nitrogen accumulation and transport, the academic report of plant nutrition and fertilizer, 2016,22(5): 1177-1186.

[4] The influence of the type and operation of slow release fertilizer on the yield of rice with different panicle types [ J ] the crop academic newspaper, 2017,43(5): 730-740.

[5]Terry J R,Peter Q,Stephen G M,et al.No evidence for higheragronomic N use efficiency or lower nitrous oxide emissions from enhancedefficiency fertilizers in aerobic subtropical rice.Field Crops Research,2018,(225):47～54.

[6] Zhuweifeng, Lujuhui, Konhamei, and the like, the use condition and development suggestion of slow-controlled release fertilizer in 2015 Zhejiang province, Zhejiang agricultural science, 2017,58(11): 1873-1875,1880.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a rice base fertilizer free of retrogradation and tillering fertilizer and an application method thereof, aiming at the problems that fertilizer input is excessive and waste and labor cost is increased due to frequent fertilization at the tillering stage of rice, and effects are unstable and fertilizer price is high due to the fact that a slow-controlled release fertilizer is adopted as a base fertilizer and the fertilizer requirement rule is not matched, so that the fertilizer effect is stabilized, and the fertilizer efficiency and planting benefit are improved while the fertilization times and fertilizer input are reduced and the labor cost is saved.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

a rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by weight: 26-32 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer, 6-10 parts of a phosphate fertilizer, 8-12 parts of a potassium fertilizer, 2-4 parts of a zinc fertilizer and 1-2 parts of a nitrogen fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers is not less than 48 parts.

The rice base fertilizer free of additional greening and tillering fertilizer comprises the following components: the nitrogen fertilizer is medium-grain or large-grain urea (containing N content of 46.0%), and the phosphate fertilizer is granular diammonium phosphate (containing N content of 18.0% and P content)₂O₅48.0%) granular superphosphate (containing P)₂O₅14.0 percent of the total weight of the calcium superphosphate (containing P)₂O₅45.0%) or granulated calcium magnesium phosphate (containing P)₂O₅14.0%) and potash fertilizer is granular potassium chloride (containing K)₂60.0 percent of O, 25.0 to 33.0 percent of zinc fertilizer which is agricultural granular zinc sulfate, and more than or equal to 99.5 percent of nitrogen fertilizer synergist which is dicyandiamide, and the components can be combined according to the formula of the fertilizer.

Preferably, the rice base fertilizer comprises 28 parts of nitrogen fertilizer, 8 parts of phosphate fertilizer, 12 parts of potassium fertilizer, 2 parts of zinc fertilizer and 2 parts of nitrogen fertilizer synergist, wherein the total mass part of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is 48 parts.

The preparation method of the rice base fertilizer free of the additional greening and tillering fertilizer comprises the steps of putting various raw materials into a stirrer together, stirring for 6-8 minutes at a rotating speed of 10 revolutions per minute, and feeding the obtained fertilizer into a metering package after fully and uniformly mixing.

The application method of the rice base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the fertilizing mode is related to the fertilizing operation condition of farmers, can be applied in a scattering way before rice transplanting and mixed with soil in combination with soil preparation, and can also be deeply applied by a rice transplanting and fertilizing integrated machine after soil preparation and during rice transplanting.

The application method of the rice base fertilizer comprises the following steps: the fertilizing amount is related to the soil fertility (except for soil with weak water and fertilizer retention), and according to the mass of pure nitrogen, the high-fertility soil accounts for 60% of the total using amount, the medium-fertility soil accounts for 55%, and the low-fertility soil accounts for 50%.

The application method of the rice base fertilizer comprises the following steps: after the base fertilizer is applied, additional fertilizer is needed in the jointing stage, and the additional fertilizer in the jointing stage is common urea.

Furthermore, the method of the invention is implemented, namely, before the rice base fertilizer is applied, the steps of harvesting previous crops, returning straws to the field, preparing soil and the like are also needed.

Wherein: if the previous crop is wheat, the specific requirements for harvesting comprise: the wheat is harvested by adopting a combine harvester additionally provided with a straw chopping and uniformly throwing device, the chopped straws are uniformly thrown on the field surface, the chopping length of the straws is less than or equal to 10cm, and the average height of stubble left on the field surface is less than or equal to 15 cm.

Wherein, the concrete requirements of returning the straws to the field comprise: the straw returning machine can adopt rotary tillage or plowing, and the straw returning mode can adopt dry returning or water returning. The rotary tillage operation depth is 12-15 cm, the plowing operation depth is 20-25 cm, and the straw returning rate after returning to the field operation is more than 85%.

Wherein: when the straw is returned to the field in a dry state, the straw is buried firstly, and then the water is added for soaking the field; when the straw water is returned to the field, the water is firstly discharged to soak the field and then the grass is buried, the soaking time is based on soaking soft straw and soaking through a soil plough layer, and the water discharge amount is based on the conditions that the soil is seen from a high place, the water is stored in a low place and the soil preparation is not rippled.

Wherein: the land preparation operation requires that the land surface is flat and tidy, the height difference in the land is not more than 3cm, the soil is thin on the upper part and thick on the lower part, and the soil is soft on the upper part and solid on the lower part.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the rice base fertilizer provided by the invention can avoid additional greening and tillering, and can be applied only once in the jointing stage.

(2) The rice base fertilizer provided by the invention is designed according to the rice nutrient requirement rule and is prepared by mixing common commercial fertilizer raw materials in the market according to the rice nutrient requirement rule aiming at the problems that the fertilizer is excessively input and wasted and the labor cost is increased due to frequent fertilization in the tillering stage of rice, and the effects are unstable and the fertilizer price is high due to the fact that the slow-controlled release fertilizer is adopted as the base fertilizer and the fertilizer requirement rule of rice is not matched, so that the rice base fertilizer can be used for preventing the green return and tillering.

(3) The rice base fertilizer provided by the invention contains a high nitrogen fertilizer in parts by weight, and a nitrogen fertilizer synergist is added, so that the requirement of rice in a nutrient critical stage on fertilizer nutrients can be met under the conditions of no need of topdressing and green turning and tillering, the high-concentration nitrogen fertilizer is kept in an ammonium nitrogen form for a longer time in the rice tillering stage, and the early and quick tillering of the rice after transplanting (Von Lei, the relation between the concentration of the ammonium nitrogen in soil and tillering of the rice. Zhejiang agricultural science 1993) is facilitated, the earning rate is improved, and a foundation is laid for high and stable yield of the rice.

(4) According to the matched application method of the rice base fertilizer, the jointing fertilizer is applied in the jointing and booting stage of rice, so that the requirement of rice on fertilizer nutrients in the maximum nutrient efficiency stage can be met, the rice is prevented from being fattened and senilised, and the high and stable yield of the rice is guaranteed.

(5) Years of multi-region test demonstration show that the rice base fertilizer free of additional green turning and tillering can stabilize the rice yield, improve the fertilizer efficiency and the planting benefit while reducing the fertilizer input, has stable use effect in different regions, and provides a scientific, light and simplified effective solution for reducing the fertilizer application and improving the efficiency of the rice fertilizer.

Detailed Description

The following examples are detailed descriptions of the implementation of the present invention, and the detailed implementation and specific operation are based on the technical solution of the present invention, and should not limit the present invention detailed in the claims.