阅读说明：本技术 一种复合微生物颗粒制剂及其制备方法和应用 (Composite microbial granular preparation and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 朱春苗 郭小红 翟修彩 刘玉珍 黄娟 钱潘攀 李肖宇 陈晓燕 骆毛喜 于 2019-11-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于微生物肥料制备技术领域,具体涉及一种复合微生物颗粒制剂及其制备和应用。本发明通过以猪粪、海带渣、菇渣和麸皮作为最初原料进行发酵,形成有机物料；在所述有机物料中添加腐殖酸粉进行造粒；将所述颗粒喷涂一定量的枯草芽孢杆菌和胶冻样芽孢杆菌混合发酵液,最终获得复合微生物颗粒制剂。实施例结果表明,利用本发明提供的制备方法操作简单,易于大批量生产。该复合微生物颗粒制剂不仅能促进作物根际发育,为作物提供全方面营养,还能提高作物抗病能力,对作物有一定提质增产效果。(The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizer preparation, and particularly relates to a composite microbial granular preparation as well as preparation and application thereof. The method takes pig manure, kelp residues, mushroom residues and bran as initial raw materials to ferment so as to form organic materials; adding humic acid powder into the organic material for granulation; spraying a certain amount of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus mixed fermentation liquor on the particles to finally obtain the composite microbial particle preparation. The results of the examples show that the preparation method provided by the invention is simple to operate and easy for mass production. The composite microbial granular preparation can promote the growth of the rhizosphere of crops, provide full nutrition for the crops, improve the disease resistance of the crops and have certain effects of improving the quality and increasing the yield of the crops.)

1. The preparation method of the composite microbial particle preparation is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) mixing pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic material;

(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with humic acid powder and then granulating to obtain organic material particles;

(3) and spraying the mixed fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus on the surface of the organic material particles to obtain the composite microbial particle preparation.

2. The preparation method according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the pig manure, the kelp residue, the mushroom residue and the bran in the step (1) is (40-50): (10-20): (30-40): (5-10).

3. The preparation method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fermentation in the step (1) is strip stacking fermentation, the water content of the material is 50-60% during the strip stacking fermentation, and the fermentation time is 10-15 days.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein before the mixing in step (2), the method further comprises: sieving the decomposed organic material;

and (3) in the step (2), the granulation is extrusion granulation.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the Bacillus mucilaginosus of step (3) comprises Bacillus mucilaginosus Sanju-01 strain with preservation number of CGMCC NO.3995, and the Bacillus subtilis comprises Bacillus subtilis Sanju-07 strain with preservation number of CGMCC NO. 10248.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the mixed fermentation broth of step (3) is prepared by mixing a Bacillus subtilis fermentation broth and a Bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation broth;

the quantity ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) is 1-4: 1-3;

the concentration of viable bacteria in the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) is 5-12 hundred million/mL;

the mass ratio of the volume of the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) to the organic material particles is 30-55 mL: 1 kg.

7. The production method according to claim 5 or 6, characterized by further comprising, after the spraying in step (3): and drying and screening the sprayed particles at low temperature.

8. The composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is characterized by being a round granular preparation; the inner layer of the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is organic material, and the outer layer is attached with bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus; the organic materials comprise decomposed organic materials and humic acid powder, and the decomposed organic materials are fermentation materials of pig manure, kelp residues, mushroom residues and bran;

the effective viable count of the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g.

9. Use of the composite microbial granule formulation of claim 8 for improving crop yield and quality.

10. The use according to claim 9, characterized in that the amount of the composite microbial granule preparation used is adjusted according to the type of crop, soil conditions, climatic conditions, in particular:

when the crop is spinach and the soil is weak saline soil, the lowest usage amount of the composite microbial granular preparation is 220 kg/mu;

when the crops are tobaccos and the pH value of soil is 5.0-7.0, the lowest usage amount of the composite microorganism particle preparation is 250 kg/mu;

when the crop is tomatoes and the soil organic matter is less than 1 wt.%, the minimum usage amount of the composite microbial granule preparation is 200 kg/mu.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of microbial fertilizers, and particularly relates to a composite microbial granular preparation as well as a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

With the continuous improvement of the living standard of people, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in China is rapidly developed towards the direction of scale and intensification. Meanwhile, the daily fecal sewage output of large-scale farms is large, about 38 hundred million tons of fecal sewage are generated every year, the treatment and storage of the fecal sewage become important factors for limiting the development of the breeding industry, and the ecological environment and the human health are obviously threatened. At present, a plurality of treatment schemes for pig manure still have a plurality of problems, for example, CN105309323 proposes a resource method for pig manure which is a pollution-free and emission-free crop waste, wherein herbaceous agricultural waste is smashed into segment-shaped crumbs of powdery crumbs step by step, then the segment-shaped crumbs are mixed with a fermentation material and the pig manure, and air is continuously introduced for fermentation, so that the method has odor and still has a problem of environmental pollution; for another example, CN108640780 proposes a resource utilization and treatment method of pig manure, which is to separate solid from liquid in the pig manure, spray a microbial agent, dry the pig manure to form an organic fertilizer, and thus, although the problem of resource utilization of the pig manure can be solved, the separation equipment is complex and tedious, and the separation process uses many auxiliary raw materials, is complex to operate, has high cost, and is not suitable for mass production.

At present, the utilization of microbial organic fertilizer has become a research hotspot, and the traditional microbial organic fertilizer can promote the growth of crops to a certain extent, but has complex operation and high cost during preparation, and is not beneficial to mass production. For example, CN201810390758.9 proposes a method for preparing an organic fertilizer from kelp residue, in which kelp residue, chicken manure, and wheat bran are treated by a steam explosion device, and then subjected to steam sterilization and other treatments, and then added with a soybean ethanol solution to stack into a conical decomposed organic fertilizer. For another example, chinese patent CN201811373677.4 proposes a process for producing a bio-organic fertilizer based on mushroom dregs, which comprises fermenting mushroom dregs, wheat bran, peanut bran, etc., adding functional bacteria to continue fermentation, and granulating to obtain a bio-organic fertilizer, wherein the bio-organic fertilizer can release phosphorus and potassium fixed by soil from the soil, thereby promoting plant growth, but the process of twice fermentation is long in time, and not beneficial to mass production; and the drying temperature after granulation can also influence the effective viable count of functional bacteria in the product, causing the viable count to be unstable.

Therefore, how to prepare the organic fertilizer which is easy to produce in large scale and promotes the growth of plants by using the pig manure becomes the research direction of the people.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a plant growth promoting composite microorganism granular preparation which is easy to produce in large scale, a preparation method and application thereof. In addition, the composite microbial particle preparation provided by the invention can promote the rhizosphere development of crops, provide full nutrition for the crops, improve the disease resistance of the crops and have certain effects of improving quality and increasing yield of the crops.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions;

the invention provides a preparation method of a composite microorganism granular preparation, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic material;

(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with humic acid powder and then granulating to obtain organic material particles;

(3) and spraying the mixed fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus on the surface of the organic material particles to obtain the composite microbial particle preparation.

Preferably, the mass ratio of the pig manure, the kelp residues, the mushroom residues and the bran in the step (1) is (40-50): (10-20): (30-40): (5-10).

Preferably, the fermentation in the step (1) is strip stacking fermentation, the water content in the system is 50-60% when the strip stacking fermentation is carried out, and the fermentation time is 10-15 d.

Preferably, before the mixing in step (2), further comprising: sieving the decomposed organic material;

and (3) in the step (2), the granulation is extrusion granulation.

Preferably, the bacillus mucilaginosus in the step (3) comprises a bacillus mucilaginosus three torch-01 strain with the preservation number of CGMCCNO.3995, and the bacillus subtilis comprises a bacillus subtilis three torch-07 strain with the preservation number of CGMCCNO.10248.

Preferably, the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) is prepared by mixing fermentation liquid of bacillus subtilis and fermentation liquid of bacillus mucilaginosus;

preferably, the number ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) is 1-4: 1-3;

preferably, the concentration of viable bacteria in the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) is 5-12 hundred million/mL;

the mass ratio of the volume of the mixed fermentation liquid in the step (3) to the organic material particles is 30-55 mL: 1 kg;

preferably, after the spraying in step (3), the method further comprises: and drying and screening the sprayed particles at low temperature.

The invention also provides the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation prepared by the preparation method in the technical scheme, wherein the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is a round granular preparation; the inner layer of the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is organic material, and the outer layer is attached with bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus; the organic materials comprise decomposed organic materials and humic acid powder, and the decomposed organic materials are fermentation materials of pig manure, kelp residues, mushroom residues and bran.

The invention also provides application of the composite microbial particle preparation in the technical scheme in improving the yield and quality of crops.

Preferably, the using amount of the composite microorganism particle preparation is adjusted according to the conditions of crop type, soil condition, climate and the like; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

when the crop is spinach, the soil is weak saline soil (the salt content of the soil is 0.3-0.5% in terms of dry soil weight, the chloride content of the soil is 0.02-0.04% in terms of Cl-%, and SO₄Calculated by percentage, when the sulfate content is 0.1-0.3%), the lowest usage amount of the composite microorganism granular preparation is 220 kg/mu;

when the crops are tobaccos and the pH value of soil is 5.0-7.0, the lowest usage amount of the composite microorganism particle preparation is 250 kg/mu;

when the crop is tomatoes and the soil organic matter is less than 1 wt.%, the minimum usage amount of the composite microbial granule preparation is 200 kg/mu.

The invention provides a preparation method of a composite microbial granular preparation, which takes pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran as initial raw materials, and the raw materials are mixed with humic acid powder for granulation after fermentation; and spraying the mixed fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus on the surfaces of the organic material particles to finally obtain the composite microbial particle preparation. The composite microbial granular preparation prepared by the preparation method can provide sufficient organic nutrients for plants, meanwhile, the microbes can promote the nutrients absorbed by crops, maintain the ecological balance of the microbes in the root systems of the crops, resist the harm of pathogenic bacteria to the root systems of the crops, and the preparation method is simple to operate and easy for mass production. The results of the embodiment show that the composite microbial particle preparation provided by the invention can not only promote the rhizosphere development of crops, provide all-round nutrition for the crops, but also improve the disease resistance of the crops, and has certain effects of improving the quality and increasing the yield of the crops.

Biological preservation Instructions

Bacillus mucilaginosus (Bacillus mucilaginosus) three-torch-01 strain, the preservation place is the common microorganism center of China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the concrete address is the microorganism research institute of China academy of sciences No.3 of West Lu No.1 of North Chen West of the Korean district in Beijing, the preservation time is 7 months and 2 days in 2010, and the preservation number is CGMCC NO. 3995.

The three-torch-07 bacterial strain of bacillus subtilis (Bacillus subtilis) has a preservation place of China general microbiological culture Collection center, a specific address of microorganism research institute of China academy of sciences No.3, West Lu No.1 Homeh, North West, south Korean, Beijing, the preservation time of 2014-12-29 days, and the preservation number of CGMCC NO. 10248.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a preparation method of a composite microorganism granular preparation, which comprises the following steps:

(1) mixing pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran for fermentation to obtain a decomposed organic material;

(2) mixing the decomposed organic material with humic acid powder and then granulating to obtain organic material particles;

(3) and spraying the mixed fermentation liquor of the bacillus subtilis and the bacillus mucilaginosus on the surface of the organic material particles to obtain the composite microbial particle preparation.

The invention mixes pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran for fermentation to obtain the decomposed organic material. In the invention, the mass ratio of the pig manure, the kelp residue, the mushroom residue and the bran is preferably (40-50): (10-20): (30-40): (5-10), more preferably (42-48): (12-17): (33-38): (6-8), more preferably (44-46): (13-15): (34-36): (6.5-7.5), and most preferably 45:13:35: 7. The sources of the pig manure, the kelp residue, the mushroom residue and the bran are not particularly limited, and the conventional commercial products in the field can be utilized. The present invention is not particularly limited to the mixing; in the examples of the present invention, it is carried out in a fermentation tank. The mixed raw materials are fermented and matured, the fermentation is preferably strip-shaped stacking fermentation, and the water content of the materials is preferably 50-60%, more preferably 52-56% and most preferably 55% during the strip-shaped stacking fermentation; the water content of the fermented material is controlled to be 20-40%. In the invention, the fermentation time is preferably 10-15 d, more preferably 11-13 d, and most preferably 12 d.

After the decomposed organic material is obtained, the decomposed organic material and humic acid powder are mixed and granulated to obtain organic material particles. In the invention, the mass ratio of the humic acid powder to the decomposed organic material is preferably 1: 5; the humic acid powder is neutral, and the content of organic matters is preferably 55-65 wt.%, and is further preferably 65 wt.%; the fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the granular structure of the soil can be increased, the water and fertilizer retention of the soil can be increased, and the physicochemical properties of overhigh salt content, over-strong alkalinity and poor soil structure in the soil can be changed. The humic acid powder has higher cation exchange capacity, and after the humic acid powder is applied to soil, the adsorption capacity of the soil to anions is improved, so that the salt content is lower. The source of the humic acid powder is not particularly required in the invention, and a commercially available product well known to those skilled in the art can be used. In the invention, the particle size of the organic material particles is preferably 0.6cm, so that the composite microbial fertilizer particle preparation prepared by the invention is more convenient and rapid in the use process.

Before the decomposed organic material is mixed with the humic acid powder, the invention preferably further comprises: and (3) screening the decomposed organic material, wherein the screening treatment is preferably 60-mesh screening treatment, so that the decomposed organic material is conveniently and fully contacted and mixed with the humic acid powder.

After organic material particles are obtained, the mixed fermentation liquor of bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus is sprayed on the surfaces of the organic material particles to obtain the composite microbial particle preparation. In the invention, the bacillus mucilaginosus comprises a bacillus mucilaginosus three-torch-01 strain with the preservation number of CGMCCNO.3995, and the bacillus subtilis comprises a bacillus subtilis three-torch-07 strain with the preservation number of CGMCCNO.10248; the Bacillus mucilaginosus strain Sanju-01 and Bacillus subtilis strain Sanju-07 are identical to CN106748286A, and are not described in detail herein. In the invention, the mixed fermentation liquid is obtained by mixing the bacillus subtilis fermentation liquid and the bacillus mucilaginosus fermentation liquid; the preferred quantity ratio of the bacillus subtilis to the bacillus mucilaginosus in the mixed fermentation liquid is 1-4: 1-3; the concentration of viable bacteria in the mixed fermentation liquid is preferably 5-12 hundred million/mL, more preferably 7-11 hundred million/mL, and most preferably 10 hundred million/mL; the mass ratio of the volume of the mixed fermentation liquid to the organic material particles is 30-55 mL: 1 kg.

After the spraying, the sprayed particles are preferably subjected to low-temperature drying and screening treatment, the low-temperature drying temperature is preferably 10-15 ℃, the humidity is 30% -35%, and other solid impurities and powder which is not granulated successfully are removed through the screening treatment.

According to the invention, the pig manure, the kelp residues, the mushroom residues and the bran are uniformly mixed according to a proportion, specific zymophyte is added for decomposing and fermenting, so that harmful ova and pathogenic bacteria in the pig manure, the kelp residues, the mushroom residues and the bran are eliminated, the odor is removed by decomposing and fermenting, the obtained organic material has no odor, the carbon-nitrogen ratio is moderate (less than 20:1), the germination coefficient of detected seeds reaches 80-90%, the fertilizer efficiency is good, the organic material is easy to be absorbed and utilized by crops, and the seedling burning phenomenon can not occur when the organic material is directly contacted with the root systems of the crops for use.

The invention also provides the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation prepared by the preparation method of the technical scheme. In the invention, the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is a round granular preparation, the effective viable count is more than or equal to 0.2 hundred million/g, the organic matter is more than or equal to 40 wt.%, the water content is less than or equal to 30 wt.%, and the pH value is 5.5-8.5. In the invention, the inner layer of the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is an organic material, the organic material comprises a decomposed organic material and humic acid powder, and the decomposed organic material is a fermented material of pig manure, kelp residue, mushroom residue and bran. In the invention, the outer layer of the composite microbial fertilizer granular preparation is attached with bacillus subtilis and bacillus mucilaginosus. The two strains of the specific compound bacterium are coordinated and matched, can generate various metabolites, such as indoleacetic acid, gibberellin, cytokinin, riboflavin, bacteriocin, iturin, proteins, amino acids and other substances, and has a certain effect of preventing and controlling tobacco target spot disease, tomato leaf mold, banana soft rot and the like. The bacillus mucilaginosus can also secrete polysaccharide substances to degrade toxic substances such as pesticides and the like, and has various biological functions of dissolving phosphorus, potassium and nitrogen. The fertilizer is applied to soil, so that the utilization rate of the fertilizer is greatly improved, and the dual effects of improving soil and increasing yield and efficiency of crops are achieved.

The invention also provides application of the composite microbial particle preparation in the technical scheme in improving the yield and quality of crops. The kind of the crop is not particularly limited in the present invention, and preferably includes one or more of spinach, tobacco and tomato. The invention preferably adjusts the using amount of the composite microorganism granular preparation according to the conditions of crop type, soil condition, climate and the like; the method specifically comprises the following steps:

when the crop is spinach, the soil is weak saline soil (the salt content of the soil is 0.3-0.5% in terms of dry soil weight, the chloride content of the soil is 0.02-0.04% in terms of Cl-%, and SO₄Calculated by percentage, when the sulfate content is 0.1-0.3%), the lowest usage amount of the composite microorganism granular preparation is 220 kg/mu;

when the crops are tobaccos and the pH value of soil is 5.0-7.0, the lowest usage amount of the composite microorganism particle preparation is 250 kg/mu;

when the crop is tomatoes and the soil organic matter is less than 1 wt.%, the minimum usage amount of the composite microbial granule preparation is 200 kg/mu.

The following examples are provided to illustrate the preparation of the composite microbial granules of the present invention and the preparation method and application thereof in detail, but they should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.