阅读说明：本技术 水稻抗倒伏肥料的制备方法 (Preparation method of lodging-resistant fertilizer for rice ) 是由 向世海 熊云霞 于 2019-11-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于农业领域,具体公开了一种水稻抗倒伏肥料的制备方法,制备基肥和叶面肥,所述叶面肥包括将氮肥与磷钾肥,所述基肥为缓释肥,其制备过程包括：1)将硫酸铵、硅钙镁肥、硫酸锌、硫酸锰、硼酸、钼酸铵、硫酸亚铁用粘合剂粘合,制备得到芯层颗粒；2)将硫酸铜、硫酸钾、壳聚糖制成包衣液,包裹在上步所得芯层颗粒外,制成包衣层。本发明分基肥、叶面肥两种肥料、两个部位分别施肥,施加的缓释基肥只需1次即可,能减少肥料随浇水、雨水流失,有效保持肥力,尤其是硅元素的肥力,增施叶面肥,避免了N肥等1次施加过多,这些都有力地帮助解决了倒伏问题,保证了产量。(The invention belongs to the field of agriculture, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a lodging-resistant fertilizer for rice, which comprises the following steps of preparing a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises a nitrogen fertilizer and a phosphorus-potassium fertilizer, the base fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer, and the preparation process comprises the following steps: 1) bonding ammonium sulfate, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate by using an adhesive to prepare core layer particles; 2) coating the core layer particles with coating solution prepared from copper sulfate, potassium sulfate and chitosan to obtain a coating layer. The fertilizer is divided into two fertilizers, namely a base fertilizer and a leaf fertilizer, and the two parts are respectively fertilized, the slow-release base fertilizer is applied only for 1 time, the fertilizer loss along with watering and rainwater can be reduced, the fertility, especially the fertility of a silicon element, is effectively maintained, the leaf fertilizer is applied additionally, the excessive application of N fertilizer for 1 time is avoided, the lodging problem is effectively solved, and the yield is ensured.)

1. A preparation method of a rice lodging-resistant fertilizer is characterized by comprising the steps of preparing a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the base fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:

1) bonding ammonium sulfate, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate by using an adhesive to prepare core layer particles;

2) coating the core layer particles with coating solution prepared from copper sulfate, potassium sulfate and chitosan to obtain a coating layer.

2. The method for preparing a rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the binder is modified tapioca flour.

3. The preparation method of the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 2, wherein the weight ratio of ammonium sulfate, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium sulfate and chitosan is respectively 4-8: 30-40: 2-6: 2-6: 1-3: 2-4: 2-6: 4-6: 8-10: 1 to 3.

4. The preparation method of the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 3, wherein in the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mass percent of effective silicon dioxide is 50-60%, the mass percent of calcium oxide is 30-40%, and the mass percent of magnesium oxide is 5-15%.

5. The method for preparing the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 4, wherein the effective silica accounts for 55% by mass, the calcium oxide accounts for 35% by mass, and the magnesium oxide accounts for 10% by mass.

6. The preparation method of the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 5, wherein the weight ratio of the modified cassava flour to the ammonium sulfate used in the step (1) is 12-20: 4 to 8.

7. The method for preparing the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 6, wherein the weight ratio of the modified cassava flour to the ammonium sulfate is 16: 6.

8. The method for preparing the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 7, wherein the weight ratio of ammonium sulfate, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, potassium sulfate and chitosan is 6: 35:4:4:2:3:4:5: 9: 2.

9. the preparation method of the rice lodging-resistant fertilizer as claimed in claim 8, wherein the foliar fertilizer comprises urea and monopotassium phosphate in a ratio of 3-4: 2-3.

10. The method for preparing a lodging-resistant fertilizer for rice as claimed in claim 9, wherein the ratio of urea to monopotassium phosphate is 3: 2.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to a preparation method of a rice lodging-resistant fertilizer.

Background

The rice is one of herbaceous rice, belongs to cereals, is the most important and longest kind of grains in the genus of rice, and is different from the dry rice. Rice is staple food of one third of people in the world, is called as Asian food, is a main food crop in China, accounts for about 50 percent of the total population in China and is staple food of people in south China. The rice is high in nutritive value, generally contains 75-79% of carbohydrate, 6.5-9% of protein, 0.2-2% of fat, 0.2-1% of crude fiber and 0.4-1.5% of ash, and compared with other grains, the rice contains the least crude fiber, is very small in starch grain, is easy to digest, is high in digestibility and absorptivity of various nutritional ingredients, and is suitable for human needs. The main rice production areas in China are Yangtze river watershed, Zhujiang river watershed and northeast.

However, in the existing rice cultivation process, the lodging phenomenon can occur rarely, the rice lodging harm is numerous, the yield reduction is needless to say, the maturing rate is reduced, the thousand-grain weight is reduced, meanwhile, the diseases and insect pests are prone to occurring, the quality of the rice is poor, the harvesting is difficult, and the labor cost burden is increased.

Researches show that the reasons for lodging are many, and improper fertilization is an important reason. It is thought that nitrogen fertilizer level is a major factor affecting rice yield with the growing area of high-yielding rice varieties. And excessive nitrogen supply easily causes plant overgrowth, while insufficient nitrogen can reduce the physiological functions of photosynthesis and the like of roots, stems and leaves of rice plants, and after the heading period, the lower leaves and leaf sheaths can lose water and dry up too early, so that the resistance to adverse external environmental conditions such as extreme weather, plant diseases and insect pests is reduced, and lodging is caused.

Most of the traditional planting methods are one-time fertilization and multiple quick-release fertilizers are used, which easily causes excessive fertilizer components and deficient fertilizer components, especially in the later growth stage.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention mainly solves the technical problem of providing a preparation method of a rice lodging-resistant fertilizer.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a preparation method of a rice lodging-resistant fertilizer comprises the steps of preparing a base fertilizer and a foliar fertilizer, wherein the foliar fertilizer contains nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, the base fertilizer is a slow-release fertilizer, and the preparation process comprises the following steps:

1) bonding ammonium sulfate, silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, boric acid, ammonium molybdate and ferrous sulfate by using an adhesive to prepare core layer particles;

2) coating the core layer particles with coating solution prepared from copper sulfate, potassium sulfate and chitosan to obtain a coating layer.

Optionally, the adhesive is modified tapioca flour.

Optionally, the ammonium sulfate, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate, the boric acid, the ammonium molybdate, the ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate, the potassium sulfate and the chitosan are respectively in a weight ratio of 4-8: 30-40: 2-6: 2-6: 1-3: 2-4: 2-6: 4-6: 8-10: 1 to 3.

Optionally, in the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the mass percent of the effective silicon dioxide is 50-60%, the mass percent of the calcium oxide is 30-40%, the mass percent of the magnesium oxide is 5-15%, preferably, the mass percent of the effective silicon dioxide is 55%, the mass percent of the calcium oxide is 35%, and the mass percent of the magnesium oxide is 10%.

Optionally, the weight ratio of the modified cassava flour to the ammonium sulfate in the step (1) is 12-20: 4-8, preferably 16: 6.

Preferably, the weight ratio of the ammonium sulfate, the silicon-calcium-magnesium fertilizer, the zinc sulfate, the manganese sulfate, the boric acid, the ammonium molybdate, the ferrous sulfate, the copper sulfate, the potassium sulfate and the chitosan is 6: 35:4:4:2:3:4:5: 9: 2.

optionally, the foliar fertilizer comprises 3-4: 2-3 parts of urea and 3-2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, and preferably the urea and the monopotassium phosphate are 3:2 parts.

The fertilizer is simple to use, only the conventional field rice planting method is needed for planting, only 1 time of base fertilizer application is needed, the base fertilizer is uniformly spread in the field before rice sowing, and then the base fertilizer is ploughed; the foliar fertilizer can be applied to the leaf surfaces of the rice in any one of the tillering stage, the flowering promoting stage, the flowering maintaining stage, the heading and flowering stage and the grouting stage of the rice, preferably, the foliar fertilizer is applied in each stage, multiple dilution is carried out before spraying, spraying is carried out for 1-3 times, the leaf and stem parts are uniformly attached by water as much as possible, and the spraying needs to be carried out again when the strong wind, the rainy and foggy days and the midday strong light periods are avoided, if the strong wind, the rainy and foggy days and the midday strong light periods fall into rain within 4 hours after spraying. Typically 10 am or 5 pm later.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

the fertilizer is divided into two fertilizers, namely a base fertilizer and a leaf fertilizer, and the two parts are respectively fertilized, the slow-release base fertilizer is applied only for 1 time, the fertilizer loss along with watering and rainwater can be reduced, the fertility, especially the fertility of silicon element, is effectively maintained, the leaf fertilizer is applied additionally, the excessive application of N fertilizer for 1 time is avoided, the lodging problem is effectively solved, the yield is ensured, and the yield per mu can reach 1500 jin on average.

Detailed Description

The technical solution of the present invention is described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and it should be specifically described that the following are only examples of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.