阅读说明：本技术 一种生物质基础油及其制备方法 (Biomass base oil and preparation method thereof ) 是由 单海霞 王中华 *** 周亚贤 李彬 吕跃滨 于 2018-07-09 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种生物质基础油,所述生物质基础油以天然脂肪醇前馏分为原料制备得到。本发明提供了一种生物质基础油的制备方法,包括：在催化剂的作用下,将天然脂肪醇前馏分、烷基试剂和碱性化合物进行反应,得到生物质基础油。本发明提供的生物质基础油为一种天然脂肪烃混醚,具有环保无毒、强润滑、无荧光、抗高温、抗盐、抗钙、抗水解的特性,是一种性能优良的润滑剂用基础油。本发明提供的生物质基础油的制备方法反应收率高、产品质量好,制备方法工艺简单,条件温和,制备过程无毒、高效、环保。(The invention provides biomass base oil which is prepared by taking natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction as a raw material. The invention provides a preparation method of biomass base oil, which comprises the following steps: under the action of a catalyst, reacting natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, an alkyl reagent and an alkaline compound to obtain the biomass base oil. The biomass base oil provided by the invention is natural aliphatic hydrocarbon mixed ether, has the characteristics of environmental protection, no toxicity, strong lubrication, no fluorescence, high temperature resistance, salt resistance, calcium resistance and hydrolysis resistance, and is base oil for a lubricant with excellent performance. The preparation method of the biomass base oil provided by the invention has the advantages of high reaction yield, good product quality, simple preparation process, mild conditions, and nontoxic, efficient and environment-friendly preparation process.)

1. A biomass base oil comprises the following components in parts by weight:

60-71 parts of mixed plant alkane;

29-40 parts of mixed fatty alcohol ether;

the mixed plant alkane comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in the formula I:

C_nH_2n+2formula I;

in the formula I, n is an integer of 10-15;

the mixed fatty alcohol ether comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in formula II:

C_mH_2m+2-O-R formula II;

in formula II, m is 10, 12 or 14;

r is an alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.

2. A method of preparing the biomass base of claim 1, comprising:

under the action of a catalyst, reacting natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, an alkyl reagent and an alkaline compound to obtain the biomass base oil.

3. The process according to claim 2, characterized in that the reaction is carried out under stirring conditions;

the stirring speed is 200-300 r/min.

4. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction temperature is 90 to 120 ℃.

5. The method according to claim 2, wherein the reaction time is 12 to 24 hours.

6. The method of claim 2, wherein the natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction comprises one or more of a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction produced from palm oil, a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction produced from soybean oil, and a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction produced from rapeseed oil.

7. The method of claim 2, wherein the alkyl reagent is a C4-C8 chloroalkane.

8. The method according to claim 2, wherein the alkaline compound is selected from one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium ethoxide.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the catalyst is selected from one or more of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate.

10. A lubricant comprising the biomass base oil of claim 1.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of base oil, in particular to biomass base oil and a preparation method thereof.

Background

Nowadays, with the increasing expansion of the field of petroleum exploration and development, the drilling stratum is continuously deepened, the drilling mode is continuously renovated, the drilling difficulty is increased year by year, special condition wells such as deep wells, ultra-deep wells, directional wells, horizontal wells, extended reach wells, slim hole wells, high-density long open hole wells and the like are increased day by year, the drilling speed needs to be greatly improved, and the method for solving the complex problems is realized by using the lubricant.

The lubricant used in the oil and gas drilling industry in China at present has relatively few varieties and has certain limitations. If mineral oil such as crude oil, white oil and the like is used as a lubricant, the lubricant is not environment-friendly; the oleate modified lubricant is decomposed and fails when the pH value of the drilling fluid is higher than 10; surfactant-based lubricants blister severely; some are difficult to disperse in saline, etc. However, the existing lubricant is required to have the characteristics of wear resistance, wear resistance reduction, good temperature resistance, salt resistance, no environmental pollution, no influence on analysis and evaluation of stratum data, no toxicity or low toxicity, no fluorescence or low fluorescence, easy biodegradation, no foaming, no viscosity increase, no obvious influence on rheological property of drilling fluid and the like.

The lubricant comprises base oil, additives and other components, wherein the base oil accounts for more than 80 percent and largely determines the performance of the lubricant. Therefore, it is of great importance to develop a base oil for lubricants with high performance.

The natural fatty alcohol front-cut fraction is a byproduct in the chemical processing process of grease, has low price and wide source, does not have a better use way in the chemical industry at present, and causes the waste of resources.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide a biomass base oil, which is prepared from natural fatty alcohol front-cut fraction as a raw material, and has good properties of lubrication, high temperature resistance, salt resistance, calcium resistance, and the like, and can be used in the field of drilling fluids.

The invention provides biomass base oil which comprises the following components in parts by weight:

60-71 parts of mixed plant alkane;

29-40 parts of mixed fatty alcohol ether.

In the invention, the weight part of the mixed plant alkane is preferably 62-70 parts, and more preferably 64-66 parts. In the invention, the mixed plant alkane comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in the formula I:

C_nH_2n+2formula I;

in the formula I, n is an integer of 10-15, preferably 12-14.

In the invention, the mixed plant alkane is preferably one or more of n-decane, n-undecane, n-dodecane, n-tridecane, n-tetradecane and n-pentadecane. In the present invention, the mixed plant alkane is preferably a mixed straight-chain plant alkane.

In the invention, the weight part of the mixed fatty alcohol ether is preferably 30-38 parts, more preferably 32-36 parts, and most preferably 34-35 parts. In the invention, the mixed fatty alcohol ether comprises one or more compounds with the structure shown in formula II:

C_mH_2m+2-O-R formula II;

in the formula II, m is 10, 12 or 14, R is an alkyl group having 4 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a butyl group, a hexyl group or an octyl group.

In the invention, the mixed fatty alcohol ether is preferably one or more of n-decanol alkyl ether, n-dodecanol alkyl ether and n-tetradecanol alkyl ether. In the present invention, the mixed fatty alcohol ether is preferably a mixed straight chain fatty alcohol ether.

In the invention, the biomass base oil is preferably a mixture of mixed vegetable alkane and mixed fatty alcohol butyl ether, a mixture of mixed vegetable alkane and mixed fatty alcohol hexyl ether, and a mixture of mixed substance alkane and mixed fatty alcohol octyl ether.

In the invention, the biomass base oil preferably comprises the mixed linear chain plant alkane and the mixed linear chain fatty alcohol ether, which structurally comprises saturated long-chain fatty groups and alkyl ether groups and does not contain unsaturated bonds, such as ester bonds and carbon-carbon double bonds, so that the biomass base oil provided by the invention has good lubricity, temperature resistance, hydrolytic stability and biodegradability.

The biomass base oil provided by the invention simultaneously contains mixed plant alkane and mixed fatty alcohol ether, and the mixed plant alkane and the mixed fatty alcohol ether have synergistic effect, can be mutually matched and act together, so that the biomass base oil provided by the invention has good lubricity and temperature resistance, and particularly has compatibility interaction with each other, and the lubricity can be better improved.

The biomass base oil provided by the invention is a green and nontoxic substance, has no irritation to human bodies and environment due to the self and decomposed products, has good ecological safety, has good lubricity and compatibility, and can meet the performance requirements of lubricant base oil.

The invention provides a preparation method of biomass base oil according to the technical scheme, the biomass base oil is prepared from natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, and the preparation method of the biomass base oil comprises the following steps:

under the action of a catalyst, reacting natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, an alkyl reagent and an alkaline compound to obtain the biomass base oil.

In the present invention, the reaction is preferably carried out in a closed vessel, more preferably in a closed vessel equipped with a condenser tube. In the invention, the reaction is preferably carried out under the condition of stirring, and the stirring speed is preferably 200-300 r/min, more preferably 220-280 r/min, and most preferably 240-260 r/min. In the invention, the reaction temperature is preferably 90-120 ℃, more preferably 100-110 ℃, and most preferably 105 ℃. In the present invention, the reaction time is preferably 12 to 24 hours, more preferably 15 to 20 hours, and most preferably 16 to 18 hours.

In the invention, the natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction is a low boiling point substance obtained in the rectification of natural fatty alcohol, and comprises mixed plant alkane and mixed fatty alcohol. The source of the natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction is not particularly limited, and the natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction can be obtained by processing natural oil and fat substances according to a method well known by a person skilled in the art to obtain the natural fatty alcohol and then rectifying the natural fatty alcohol, or can be directly obtained by market purchase.

In the present invention, the natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction preferably comprises one or more of a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction prepared from palm oil, a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction prepared from soybean oil, and a natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction prepared from rapeseed oil. In the invention, the mixed plant alkane is a component of the front fraction of the natural fatty alcohol and does not participate in chemical reaction.

In the invention, the alkyl reagent is preferably C4-C8 chloroalkane, and more preferably one or more of chlorobutane, chlorohexane and chlorooctane.

In the invention, the alkaline compound is preferably one or more of potassium hydroxide, sodium ethoxide and potassium ethoxide.

In the present invention, the catalyst is preferably one or more selected from the group consisting of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate, 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate. The invention preferably adopts the ionic liquid phase transfer catalyst which has excellent physical and chemical properties, consists of organic cations and inorganic anions and has strong dissolving capacity to substrates.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the provided drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a gas chromatography-mass spectrum of a palm oil natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction used in an example of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The raw materials used in the following examples of the present invention are all commercially available products, and the natural fatty alcohol ether front cut used in the examples of the present invention is a palm oil natural fatty alcohol front cut, a soybean oil natural fatty alcohol front cut, and a rapeseed oil natural fatty alcohol front cut provided by Wuxi Borax Seikco technologies, Inc.

The invention utilizes gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to analyze the composition of the natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, determines the weight ratio of the mixed plant alkane and the mixed fatty alcohol in the natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction, and the detection result is shown in table 1. The invention tests the hydroxyl value of the natural fatty alcohol front cut according to the method of GB/T7383-1997 determination of hydroxyl value of nonionic surfactant, and the basic components of the natural fatty alcohol front cut are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1 essential Components of the Natural fatty alcohol front-cut used in the examples of the invention

Name (R)	Hydroxyl number	Weight ratio of mixed plant alkane and mixed fatty alcohol
			Palm oil natural fatty alcohol front fraction	0.26	65：35
Soybean oil natural fatty alcohol front cut fraction	0.30	75：25
			Rapeseed oil natural fatty alcohol front fraction	0.28	70：30

The gas chromatography-mass spectrum of the palm oil natural fatty alcohol pre-fraction detected by the method is shown as 1.