阅读说明：本技术 一种城市生活垃圾双床热解气化装置和热解气化方法 (Double-bed pyrolysis gasification device and method for municipal solid waste ) 是由 张纯 杨玉 白文刚 张一帆 李红智 姚明宇 于 2019-11-05 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种城市生活垃圾双床热解气化装置和热解气化方法,该装置包括热解室、气化室和位于气化室下方与气化室相连通的激冷室,给水从下部进入气化室水夹套,从气化室水夹套上部排出,之后从热解室水夹套的下部进入热解室水夹套,蒸汽从热解室水夹套上部排出,一部分蒸汽送入风室,剩余蒸汽送入发电系统去发电；本发明可以实现城市生活垃圾的减量化,同时减少二噁英的排放。(The invention relates to a double-bed pyrolysis gasification device and a pyrolysis gasification method for municipal domestic garbage, wherein the device comprises a pyrolysis chamber, a gasification chamber and a chilling chamber which is positioned below the gasification chamber and communicated with the gasification chamber, feed water enters a water jacket of the gasification chamber from the lower part and is discharged from the upper part of the water jacket of the gasification chamber, then the feed water enters the water jacket of the pyrolysis chamber from the lower part of the water jacket of the pyrolysis chamber, steam is discharged from the upper part of the water jacket of the pyrolysis chamber, a part of the steam is sent into an air chamber, and the rest of the steam is sent into a power generation system to; the invention can realize the reduction of the municipal domestic waste and simultaneously reduce the emission of dioxin.)

1. A double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal domestic garbage comprises a pyrolysis chamber (21), the gasification chamber (7) and a chilling chamber (14) which is positioned below the gasification chamber (7) and communicated with the gasification chamber (7), and is characterized in that the pyrolysis chamber (21) consists of a pyrolysis chamber outer cylinder (1) and a pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder (3), a pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2) is arranged between the pyrolysis chamber outer cylinder (1) and the pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder (3), and a pyrolysis chamber refractory brick lining (4) is arranged inside the pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder (3); a pyrolysis chamber inlet (22) is formed in the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber (21), the pyrolysis chamber inlet (22) is communicated with the screw feeder (23), a pyrolysis chamber outlet (5) is formed in the middle of the pyrolysis chamber (21) and is communicated with a gasification chamber inlet (6), bed materials (20) are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber (21), an air chamber (18) is formed in the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber (21), and an air distribution plate (19) is arranged on the upper part of the air chamber (18); the gasification chamber (7) consists of a gasification chamber outer cylinder (8) and a gasification chamber inner cylinder (10), a gasification chamber water jacket (9) is arranged between the gasification chamber outer cylinder (8) and the gasification chamber inner cylinder (10), the upper part of the gasification chamber water jacket (9) is communicated with the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), a gasification chamber refractory brick lining (11) is arranged in the gasification chamber inner cylinder (10), a gasification chamber inlet (6) is arranged at the top of the gasification chamber and is communicated with a pyrolysis chamber outlet (5), a grate (16) is arranged in the middle of the gasification chamber (7), garbage semicoke (17) is loaded on the grate (16), and a gasification chamber outlet (15) at the bottom of the gasification chamber (7) extends into the chilling chamber (14); the chilling chamber (14) is positioned at the lower part of the gasification chamber (7), the water level in the chilling chamber (14) is higher than the outlet (15) of the gasification chamber, the upper part of the chilling chamber (14) is provided with a gas outlet (12), and the bottom of the chilling chamber (14) is provided with a grey water outlet (13).

2. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: feed water enters a gasification chamber water jacket (9) from the lower part and is discharged from the upper part of the gasification chamber water jacket (9), then the feed water enters a pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2) from the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), steam is discharged from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), a part of the steam is sent to an air chamber (18), and the rest of the steam is sent to a power generation system to generate power.

3. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer pyrolysis chamber cylinder (1) and the inner pyrolysis chamber cylinder (3) are made of heat-resistant steel.

4. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the outer gasification chamber cylinder (8) and the inner gasification chamber cylinder (10) are made of heat-resistant steel.

5. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the pyrolysis chamber (21) is operated with a fluidized bed and the gasification chamber (7) is operated with a fixed bed.

6. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the double-bed pyrolysis gasification device adopts pressurization operation.

7. The double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste according to claim 1, characterized in that: the bed material (8) adopts quartz sand or silicon carbide particles.

8. The pyrolysis gasification method of the municipal solid waste double-bed pyrolysis gasification apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 7,

the crushed municipal solid waste enters a pyrolysis chamber (21) from a screw feeder (23) through a pyrolysis chamber inlet (22), contacts with high-temperature bed materials (20) in the pyrolysis chamber (21), and is subjected to pyrolysis reaction after being heated to generate pyrolysis gas and waste semicoke; steam and air enter an air chamber (18) at the bottom of a pyrolysis chamber (21), and enter the pyrolysis chamber (21) after passing through an air distribution plate (19), part of pyrolysis gas and garbage semicoke and part of steam and air generate combustion reaction and gasification reaction to release heat, and a bed material (20) is heated; unreacted pyrolysis gas, garbage semicoke and steam are discharged out of a pyrolysis chamber (21) from a pyrolysis chamber outlet (5), enter a gasification chamber (7) through a gasification chamber inlet (6), the garbage semicoke (17) is accumulated on a grate (16) to form a bed layer, the steam and the carbon dioxide gas are subjected to gasification reaction with hot garbage semicoke (17), ash and gas formed after gasification pass through the grate (16) and enter a chilling chamber (14) through a gasification chamber outlet (15), the ash and the gas enter water of the chilling chamber (14) for cooling, the gas is chilled and then discharged from a gas outlet (12) at the upper part of the chilling chamber (14), and the cooled ash and water of the chilling chamber (14) are discharged from a grey water outlet (13) at the bottom of the chilling chamber (14);

a part of the heat of the waste semicoke (17) which is glowing in the gasification chamber (7) is used for gasification, a part of the heat heats the feed water of the water jacket (9) of the gasification chamber, the heated feed water is discharged from the upper part of the water jacket (9) of the gasification chamber, enters the water jacket (2) of the pyrolysis chamber from the lower part of the water jacket (2) of the pyrolysis chamber, and enters the pyrolysis chamber (21), part pyrolysis gas and rubbish semicoke and part steam and air take place combustion reaction and gasification reaction, release the heat, and partly heat is used for heating bed material (20), and another part heat is used for heating the feedwater of pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), and the feedwater gasifies steam in pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), and the steam that produces is discharged from the upper portion of pyrolysis chamber water jacket (2), and partly send into plenum (18) of pyrolysis chamber bottom for the gasification of rubbish pyrolysis semicoke, and remaining steam is sent to power generation system and is used for the electricity generation.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of municipal solid waste treatment, in particular to a double-bed pyrolysis gasification device and a pyrolysis gasification method for municipal solid waste.

Background

At present, the municipal solid waste treatment method mainly comprises three methods of landfill, composting and incineration. The landfill is the most main method for treating domestic garbage in most cities in China, a large amount of land needs to be occupied, most landfill is not subjected to harmless treatment, methane, landfill leachate and the like can be generated after the landfill, and harmful components in the landfill cause serious pollution to the atmosphere, soil, surface water and underground water, destroy the ecological environment and even harm the health of human bodies. Composting requires high content of organic matters in the garbage, and composting technology has obvious defects that organic matters and inorganic matters which cannot be rotten cannot be treated, so that the volume reduction, the decrement and the harmlessness degree are low, and the garbage problem cannot be thoroughly solved only by composting. The volume reduction, the decrement and the harmless degree of the incineration technology for the incineration treatment of the garbage are high, the heat generated in the incineration process is used for generating electricity, the energy of the garbage can be realized, and the method is a better garbage treatment method. However, the problem of flue gas pollution exists when the incineration conditions are improperly controlled, and particularly, dioxin which is a highly toxic substance is easily generated, so that the problem becomes a bottleneck which restricts the popularization and application of waste incineration.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to meet the defects of the prior art, the invention provides a double-bed pyrolysis gasification device and a pyrolysis gasification method for municipal domestic garbage.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the technical scheme that:

a double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal domestic waste comprises a pyrolysis chamber 21, a gasification chamber 7 and a chilling chamber 14 which is positioned below the gasification chamber 7 and communicated with the gasification chamber 7, wherein the pyrolysis chamber 21 consists of a pyrolysis chamber outer cylinder 1 and a pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder 3, a pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2 is arranged between the pyrolysis chamber outer cylinder 1 and the pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder 3, and a pyrolysis chamber refractory brick lining 4 is arranged inside the pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder 3; a pyrolysis chamber inlet 22 is formed in the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber 21, the pyrolysis chamber inlet 22 is communicated with a screw feeder 23, a pyrolysis chamber outlet 5 is formed in the middle of the pyrolysis chamber 21 and is communicated with a gasification chamber inlet 6, bed materials 20 are arranged in the pyrolysis chamber 21, an air chamber 18 is formed in the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber 21, and an air distribution plate 19 is arranged on the upper part of the air chamber 18; the gasification chamber 7 consists of a gasification chamber outer cylinder 8 and a gasification chamber inner cylinder 10, a gasification chamber water jacket 9 is arranged between the gasification chamber outer cylinder 8 and the gasification chamber inner cylinder 10, the upper part of the gasification chamber water jacket 9 is communicated with the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, a gasification chamber refractory brick lining 11 is arranged inside the gasification chamber inner cylinder 10, a gasification chamber inlet 6 at the top of the gasification chamber is communicated with a pyrolysis chamber outlet 5, a grate 16 is arranged in the middle of the gasification chamber 7, garbage semi-coke 17 is loaded on the grate 16, and a gasification chamber outlet 15 at the bottom of the gasification chamber 7 extends into the chilling chamber 14; the chilling chamber 14 is positioned at the lower part of the gasification chamber 7, the water level in the chilling chamber 14 is higher than the gasification chamber outlet 15, the upper part of the chilling chamber 14 is provided with a gas outlet 12, and the bottom of the chilling chamber 14 is provided with a grey water outlet 13.

The feed water enters the water jacket 9 of the gasification chamber from the lower part, is discharged from the upper part of the water jacket 9 of the gasification chamber, then enters the water jacket 2 of the pyrolysis chamber from the lower part of the water jacket 2 of the pyrolysis chamber, the steam is discharged from the upper part of the water jacket 2 of the pyrolysis chamber, a part of the steam is sent to the wind chamber 18, and the rest of the steam is sent to the power generation system to generate power.

Preferably, the outer pyrolysis chamber cylinder 1 and the inner pyrolysis chamber cylinder 3 are made of heat-resistant steel.

Preferably, the outer and inner gasification chamber cylinders 8 and 10 are made of heat-resistant steel.

Preferably, the pyrolysis chamber 21 is operated with a fluidized bed and the gasification chamber 7 is operated with a fixed bed.

Preferably, the dual bed pyrolysis gasification unit is operated under pressure.

Preferably, the bed material 8 is formed by using quartz sand or silicon carbide particles.

A double-bed pyrolysis gasification method for municipal solid waste comprises the following steps:

the crushed municipal solid waste enters a pyrolysis chamber 21 from a screw feeder 23 through a pyrolysis chamber inlet 22, contacts with high-temperature bed materials 20 in the pyrolysis chamber 21, and is subjected to pyrolysis reaction after being heated to generate pyrolysis gas and waste semicoke; steam and air enter an air chamber 18 at the bottom of a pyrolysis chamber 21, and enter the pyrolysis chamber 21 after passing through an air distribution plate 19, and part of pyrolysis gas and garbage semicoke and part of steam and air are subjected to combustion reaction and gasification reaction to release heat and heat bed materials 20. Unreacted pyrolysis gas, garbage semicoke, steam and the like are discharged from a pyrolysis chamber 21 from a pyrolysis chamber outlet 5, enter a gasification chamber 7 through a gasification chamber inlet 6, the garbage semicoke 17 is accumulated on a grate 16 to form a bed layer, gas such as steam, carbon dioxide and the like and incandescent garbage semicoke 17 are subjected to gasification reaction, ash and gas formed after gasification pass through the grate 16 and enter a chilling chamber 14 through a gasification chamber outlet 15, the ash and the gas enter water of the chilling chamber 14 for cooling, the gas is chilled and then discharged from a gas outlet 12 at the upper part of the chilling chamber 14, and the cooled ash and the water of the chilling chamber 14 are discharged from a grey water outlet 13 at the bottom of the chilling chamber 14;

a part of heat of the glowing garbage semicoke 17 in the gasification chamber 7 is used for gasification, a part of the heat heats the feed water of the gasification chamber water jacket 9, the heated feed water is discharged from the upper part of the gasification chamber water jacket 9 and enters the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2 from the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, part of pyrolysis gas and garbage semicoke and part of steam and air are subjected to combustion reaction and gasification reaction in the pyrolysis chamber 21 to release heat, a part of heat is used for heating bed materials 20, the other part of heat is used for heating the feed water of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, the feed water is gasified into steam in the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, the generated steam is discharged from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, a part of the steam is sent to the air chamber 18 at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber and is used for gasification of the garbage pyrolysis semicoke, and the rest of the steam is sent.

The invention has the following beneficial technical effects:

the invention can pyrolyze and gasify the municipal domestic garbage to generate a small amount of ash and fly ash, thereby realizing the reduction of the garbage, and the mixed gas generated after pyrolysis and gasification and comprising pyrolysis gas and gasification gas can be used as fuel for combustion. Dioxin generated by partial combustion and pyrolysis of garbage in the pyrolysis chamber can be decomposed at high temperature through the incandescent semi-coke bed layer, and when the dioxin enters the chilling chamber, the temperature is rapidly reduced, so that the content of the dioxin in gas can be effectively reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows a double-bed pyrolysis gasification device for municipal solid waste.

Wherein, 1 is a pyrolysis chamber outer cylinder, 2 is a pyrolysis chamber water jacket, 3 is a pyrolysis chamber inner cylinder, 4 is a pyrolysis chamber refractory brick, 5 is a pyrolysis chamber outlet, 6 is a gasification chamber inlet, 7 is a gasification chamber, 8 is a gasification chamber outer cylinder, 9 is a gasification chamber water jacket, 10 is a gasification chamber inner cylinder, 11 is a gasification chamber refractory brick lining, 12 is a gas outlet, 13 is an ash water outlet, 14 is a chilling chamber, 15 is a gasification chamber outlet, 16 is a grate, 17 is garbage carbocoal, 18 is an air chamber, 19 is an air distribution plate, 20 is a bed material, 21 is a pyrolysis chamber, 22 is a pyrolysis chamber inlet, and 23 is a screw feeder.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings:

as shown in figure 1, the crushed municipal solid waste enters the pyrolysis chamber 21 from the screw feeder 23 through the inlet 22 of the pyrolysis chamber, contacts with the high-temperature bed material 20 in the pyrolysis chamber 21, and undergoes a pyrolysis reaction after being heated to generate pyrolysis gas and waste carbocoal. Steam and air enter an air chamber 18 at the bottom of a pyrolysis chamber 21, and enter the pyrolysis chamber 21 after passing through an air distribution plate 19, and part of pyrolysis gas and garbage semicoke and part of steam and air are subjected to combustion reaction and gasification reaction to release heat and heat bed materials 20. Unreacted pyrolysis gas, garbage semicoke, steam and the like are discharged out of a pyrolysis chamber 21 from a pyrolysis chamber outlet 5 and enter a gasification chamber 7 through a gasification chamber inlet 6, the garbage semicoke 17 is accumulated on a grate 16 to form a bed layer, gas such as steam, carbon dioxide and the like and glowing garbage semicoke 17 are subjected to gasification reaction, ash and gas formed after gasification pass through the grate 16 and enter a chilling chamber 14 through a gasification chamber outlet 15, the ash and the gas enter water of the chilling chamber 14 for cooling, the gas is chilled and discharged from a gas outlet 12 at the upper part of the chilling chamber 14, and the cooled ash and the water of the chilling chamber 14 are discharged from a grey water outlet 13 at the bottom of the chilling chamber 14.

A part of heat of the glowing garbage semicoke 17 in the gasification chamber 7 is used for gasification, a part of the heat heats the feed water of the gasification chamber water jacket 9, the heated feed water is discharged from the upper part of the gasification chamber water jacket 9 and enters the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2 from the lower part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, part of pyrolysis gas and garbage semicoke and part of steam and air are subjected to combustion reaction and gasification reaction in the pyrolysis chamber 21 to release heat, a part of heat is used for heating bed materials 20, the other part of heat is used for heating the feed water of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, the feed water is gasified into steam in the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, the generated steam is discharged from the upper part of the pyrolysis chamber water jacket 2, a part of the steam is sent to the air chamber 18 at the bottom of the pyrolysis chamber and is used for gasification of the garbage pyrolysis semicoke, and the rest of the steam is sent.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only for illustrating the technical idea and features of the present invention, and the specific implementation methods, such as the material of the inner drum and the outer drum, the material of the bed material, the use of steam, etc., can be modified and improved without departing from the scope and the basic spirit of the present invention as defined in the claims.