阅读说明：本技术 一种无人机载应急通信三频段天线装置 (Three frequency channel antenna devices of unmanned aerial vehicle machine carries emergency communication ) 是由 廖非凡 周彦 王振义 邹力 郎为民 魏声云 邹顺 颜伟 李祯 陈金明 于 2019-10-21 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明适用于天线技术领域,提供一种无人机载应急通信三频段天线装置,所述装置包括腔体反射面,所述腔体反射面顶部沿中心轴圆周均匀设置有多个1.4G天线单元,所述装置还包括一体化天线单元,所述一体化天线单元包括2.4G天线与800M天线,所述800M天线底部有同轴线馈电线,所述腔体反射面底部还设置有天线控制盒,同一时刻只有一路1.4G天线单元与所述天线控制盒选通,成本低、工作稳定；另外2.4G天线与800M天线采用一体化设计,实现整个天线装置三频点工作而不相互干扰。本三频段天线装置结构设计紧凑,重量轻,具有三个频点兼容,易于集成使用,特别适合机载应急通信。(The invention is suitable for the technical field of antennas, and provides an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication three-frequency-band antenna device which comprises a cavity reflection surface, wherein the top of the cavity reflection surface is uniformly provided with a plurality of 1.4G antenna units along the circumference of a central shaft, the device also comprises an integrated antenna unit, the integrated antenna unit comprises a 2.4G antenna and an 800M antenna, the bottom of the 800M antenna is provided with a coaxial feeder, the bottom of the cavity reflection surface is also provided with an antenna control box, only one path of 1.4G antenna unit is gated with the antenna control box at the same time, the cost is low, and the work is stable; in addition, the 2.4G antenna and the 800M antenna are integrally designed, so that the whole antenna device can work at three frequency points without mutual interference. The three-frequency-band antenna device is compact in structural design, light in weight, compatible in three frequency points, easy to integrate and use and particularly suitable for airborne emergency communication.)

1. A three-frequency band antenna device for unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication is characterized by comprising a cavity reflecting surface, the top of the reflecting surface of the cavity is uniformly provided with a plurality of 1.4G antenna units along the circumference of the central shaft, the device also comprises an integrated antenna unit which comprises a 2.4G antenna and an 800M antenna, the 2.4G antenna is positioned at the central axis of the top of the reflecting surface of the cavity, the bottom of the 800M antenna is provided with a coaxial feeder line, the 800M antenna is located directly above the 2.4G antenna and is taller than the 1.4G antenna element, an antenna control box is also arranged at the bottom of the reflecting surface of the cavity body, the 800M antenna is connected to the antenna control box through the coaxial feeder line, the 2.4G antenna and all the 1.4G antenna units are connected to the antenna control box, and only one path of 1.4G antenna unit and the antenna control box are gated at the same time in all the 1.4G antenna units.

2. The three-band antenna device for the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication according to claim 1, wherein the 1.4G antenna unit is sequentially provided with a 1.4G antenna reflection surface, a first microwave dielectric plate, a 1.4GHz excitation patch and a 1.4GHz parasitic patch from bottom to top, the shape of the bottom surface of the first microwave dielectric plate is the same as the shape of the top of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface, the first microwave dielectric plate is fastened on the 1.4G antenna reflection surface through a metal screw far away from the 1.4GHz excitation patch, the 1.4GHz parasitic patch is arranged at a certain distance from the 1.4GHz excitation patch, the edges of the two sides of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface are bent upwards by 90 degrees, the bent portions of the 1.4GHz parasitic patch are perpendicular to the 1.4GHz antenna reflection surface, and the bottom surface of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface is provided with a 1.4GHz feed port.

3. The three-band antenna apparatus for emergency communication onboard an unmanned aerial vehicle of claim 2, the 2.4G antenna comprises a 2.4G antenna reflecting surface, a second microwave dielectric plate, a 2.4GHz excitation patch and a 2.4GHz parasitic patch from bottom to top in sequence, the bottom surface of the second microwave dielectric plate has the same shape as the top of the 2.4G antenna reflecting surface, and the second microwave dielectric plate is fastened on the 2.4G antenna reflecting surface through a metal screw far away from the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the 2.4GHz parasitic patch is arranged at a certain distance from the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the bottom surface of the reflecting surface of the 2.4G antenna is provided with a 2.4GHz feed port and an 800MHz feed port, the 800M antenna is positioned right above the 2.4GHz parasitic patch, and the coaxial feeder line sequentially passes through the 2.4GHz parasitic patch, the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the second microwave dielectric plate and the central axis of the 2.4G antenna reflecting surface and then is connected with the 800MHz feed port.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the field of antennas, and particularly relates to an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication three-frequency-band antenna device.

Background

In unmanned aerial vehicle emergency communication application, communication load usually requires mobile communication terminal antenna to have performance characteristics such as multiband, high gain, big bandwidth to satisfy communication requirement, and along with mobile terminal develops and tends to miniaturize moreover, consequently has proposed higher requirement to the antenna size.

For a three-frequency-band antenna, the working frequency ranges are 1350 MHz-1500 MHz (1.4G antenna for short), 2300 MHz-2500 MHz (2.4G antenna for short) and 750 MHz-850 MHz (800M antenna for short), wherein the 1350 MHz-1500 MHz frequency band is a horizontal narrow-beam switching antenna, 2300 MHz-2500 MHz is a high-gain antenna to ground, and 750 MHz-850 MHz is a horizontal omnidirectional antenna. The antenna has more antenna units, more microwave media are generally used in the design of the unit antenna in order to meet the requirements of bandwidth, gain and working frequency band, so that the weight of the antenna is greatly increased, the antenna efficiency is lower, and the design of the horizontal beam scanning antenna compatible with other two-waveband antennas is not reported in related products at home and abroad.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above problems, the present invention provides a triple-band antenna device for unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication, which aims to solve the problems of ensuring small size, light weight, compact structure and satisfying the compatible design of the triple-band antenna.

The invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the three-frequency-band antenna device for the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication comprises a cavity reflecting surface, wherein a plurality of 1.4G antenna units are uniformly arranged on the top of the cavity reflecting surface along the circumference of a central shaft, the device also comprises an integrated antenna unit which comprises a 2.4G antenna and an 800M antenna, the 2.4G antenna is positioned at the central axis of the top of the reflecting surface of the cavity, the bottom of the 800M antenna is provided with a coaxial feeder line, the 800M antenna is located directly above the 2.4G antenna and is taller than the 1.4G antenna element, an antenna control box is also arranged at the bottom of the reflecting surface of the cavity body, the 800M antenna is connected to the antenna control box through the coaxial feeder line, the 2.4G antenna and all the 1.4G antenna units are connected to the antenna control box, and only one path of 1.4G antenna unit and the antenna control box are gated at the same time in all the 1.4G antenna units.

Further, 1.4G antenna element is from supreme 1.4G antenna plane of reflection, first microwave dielectric slab, 1.4GHz excitation paster and the parasitic paster of 1.4GHz in proper order down, the bottom surface shape of first microwave dielectric slab is the same with 1.4G antenna plane of reflection top shape, just first microwave dielectric slab fastens on 1.4G antenna plane of reflection through the metal screw who keeps away from 1.4GHz excitation paster, 1.4GHz parasitic paster sets up at a certain distance apart from 1.4GHz excitation paster, 1.4G antenna plane of reflection both sides edge upwards buckles 90 degrees, and the kink with 1.4GHz parasitic paster is perpendicular, 1.4G antenna plane of reflection bottom surface has 1.4GHz to feed the electricity mouth.

Further, the 2.4G antenna is sequentially provided with a 2.4G antenna reflection surface, a second microwave dielectric plate, a 2.4GHz excitation patch and a 2.4GHz parasitic patch from bottom to top, the shape of the bottom surface of the second microwave dielectric plate is the same as the shape of the top of the 2.4G antenna reflection surface, the second microwave dielectric plate is fastened on the 2.4G antenna reflection surface through a metal screw far away from the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the 2.4GHz parasitic patch is arranged at a certain distance from the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the bottom surface of the 2.4G antenna reflection surface is provided with a 2.4GHz feed port and an 800MHz feed port, the 800M antenna is positioned right above the 2.4GHz parasitic patch, and the coaxial feed line sequentially passes through the 2.4GHz parasitic patch, the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the second microwave dielectric plate and the center axis of the 2.4G antenna reflection surface and then is connected with the 800MHz feed port.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

firstly, the three-frequency-band antenna device designed by the invention comprises a plurality of 1.4G antenna units which form a beam switching antenna array, single-path gating is carried out at the same time, a large number of TR components are saved in the beam switching antenna array, the cost is low, and the work is stable;

secondly, the 2.4G antenna and the 800M antenna which are integrally designed are adopted, so that the antenna is suitable for the compatible design of a monopole antenna and a microstrip antenna, and further the three-frequency-point work of the whole antenna device is realized without mutual interference;

thirdly, the 1.4G antenna and the 2.4G antenna are designed in special structures, so that the front-to-back ratio and the gain of the antenna radiation can be optimized, and the production cost is reduced;

and fourthly, the three-frequency-band antenna device is compact in structural design, light in weight, compatible with three frequency points, easy to integrate and use and particularly suitable for airborne emergency communication.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic front view of an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication three-frequency-band antenna device provided by an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 2 is a schematic bottom view of an unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication three-frequency-band antenna device provided by an embodiment of the invention;

fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1.4G antenna unit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

fig. 4 is a schematic view of an integrated design structure of a 2.4G antenna and an 800M antenna provided in the embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent, the present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the invention.

In order to explain the technical means of the present invention, the following description will be given by way of specific examples.

Fig. 1 and 2 show the structure of a three-frequency-band antenna device for unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication provided by an embodiment of the invention, and only the parts relevant to the embodiment of the invention are shown for convenience of explanation.

The three-frequency-band antenna device for the unmanned aerial vehicle-mounted emergency communication comprises a cavity reflecting surface 1, wherein a plurality of 1.4G antenna units 2 are uniformly arranged at the top of the cavity reflecting surface 1 along the circumference of a central shaft, the device further comprises an integrated antenna unit, the integrated antenna unit comprises a 2.4G antenna 3 and a 800M antenna 4, the 2.4G antenna 3 is positioned at the central axis of the top of the cavity reflecting surface 1, a coaxial feeder line 5 is arranged at the bottom of the 800M antenna 3, the 800M antenna 4 is positioned right above the 2.4G antenna 3 and is higher than the 1.4G antenna unit 2, an antenna control box 6 is further arranged at the bottom of the cavity reflecting surface, the 800M antenna 4 is connected to the antenna control box 6 through the coaxial feeder line 5, the 2.4G antenna and all the 1.4G antenna units 2 are connected to the antenna control box 6, and all the 1.4G antenna units are arranged in the 1.4G antenna unit, only one path of 1.4G antenna unit is gated with the antenna control box 6 at the same time.

In this embodiment, the cavity reflecting surface is circular, 8 1.4G antenna units are uniformly arranged on the circumference, the cavity reflecting surface serves as a ground plate of the whole antenna device, a feed connection line of each path of 1.4G antenna unit is connected to the antenna control box, the antenna control box only gates one path of 1.4G antenna unit at one moment, 8 beams are generated by controlling the 8 1.4G antenna units, each horizontal beam covers 45 degrees, the gain within the 45-degree range is greater than 7dB, and point-to-point remote broadband communication is required. The 800M antenna and the 2.4G antenna are integrally designed and arranged at the circle center of the cavity reflection surface, the 2.4GHz antenna is mainly used for ground communication and is tightly attached to the cavity reflection surface, the extension height of the 800M antenna needs to be higher than that of the 1.4G antenna unit so as to realize horizontal omnidirectional radiation, and the extension length is realized by controlling the coaxial line length of the feeder line.

In order to realize the compatible design of the three-band antenna, the 1.4G antenna unit is circumferentially provided with 8 units to realize 8 beam switching, and the antenna back plate faces the circumferential center, so that the radiation of the 1.4G antenna to the circumferential center part is small, and other two-band antennas can be arranged. Considering that the function of the 2.4G antenna is ground communication, the 800M antenna realizes horizontal communication, the 2.4G antenna is arranged in the center of the cavity reflecting surface, the 800M antenna is arranged above the cavity reflecting surface, and a feeder line is led out through the center (potential zero point) of the 2.4G antenna, so that the compatibility of the three-product antenna is realized without shielding. Through the design of the unit antenna and the array, the three-frequency antenna provided by the embodiment of the invention has the advantages of compact structure, light weight and easiness in production, and is particularly suitable for airborne emergency communication.

As a specific structure of the 1.4G antenna unit 2, as shown in fig. 3, the 1.4G antenna reflection surface 21, the first microwave dielectric plate 22, the 1.4GHz excitation patch 23, and the 1.4GHz parasitic patch 24 are sequentially arranged from bottom to top, the shape of the bottom surface of the first microwave dielectric plate 22 is the same as the shape of the top of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface 21, the first microwave dielectric plate 22 is fastened on the 1.4G antenna reflection surface 21 by a metal screw far away from the 1.4GHz excitation patch, the 1.4GHz parasitic patch 24 is arranged at a certain distance from the 1.4GHz excitation patch 23, two edges of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface 21 are bent upwards by 90 degrees, and the bent portion is perpendicular to the 1.4GHz parasitic patch 24, and the bottom surface of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface has a 1.4GHz feed port 25.

In the structure, the 1.4G antenna unit adopts an air-coupled laminated structure, thereby not only realizing broadband work, but also having higher radiation gain. The first microwave dielectric plate belongs to a microwave material, the loss tangent is less than 0.01, the shape of the bottom surface of the first microwave dielectric plate is the same as that of the inner top surface of the 1.4G antenna reflecting surface, the second microwave dielectric plate is fastened on the inner wall of the 1.4G antenna reflecting surface through metal screws, and the metal screws are required to be far away from the 1.4GHz excitation patch. The 1.4GHz excitation patch belongs to a conductive metal layer and is used for exciting linear waves, and the 1.4GHz parasitic patch belongs to a metal conductor and is positioned right above the 1.4GHz excitation patch and is fixed above the reflecting surface of the 1.4G antenna through a dielectric screw (not shown in the figure). Particularly, in the embodiment, the 1.4G antenna reflection surface is characterized in that two edges perpendicular to the polarization direction are bent upwards by 90 degrees, and the bent part is perpendicular to the 1.4GHz parasitic patch, and the structural design improves the radiation front-to-back ratio of the antenna, and practice shows that the radiation front-to-back ratio of the antenna can be improved by 6dB by the structural design, and the principle is that the metal walls bent upwards at the two edges of the 1.4G antenna reflection surface form a cavity similar to a horn, so that the size of the ground is improved, and the radiation gain and the front-to-back ratio of the antenna can be optimized by adjusting the height of the metal walls bent upwards, and the rule shows that the higher the height of the metal walls bent upwards is, the larger the front-to-back ratio of the antenna; the antenna is miniaturized, the principle is that the 1.4GHz parasitic patch and the metal wall of the 1.4G antenna with the upward bent reflecting surface generate electric field coupling, the equivalent resonance length of the 1.4GHz parasitic patch is improved, the size and the impedance bandwidth of the antenna can be adjusted by adjusting the coupling distance, and the rule shows that the smaller the coupling distance is, the smaller the transverse size of the antenna is under the same working frequency.

Therefore, in the design of the special microstrip antenna with the air coupling laminated structure, the 1.4G antenna is in a low-profile horn structure formed by folding the floor in the polarization direction upwards, broadband work is realized through air coupling excitation, the edge of the upper-layer patch is close to the part of the folded floor to generate coupling, the size of the antenna is reduced, the radiation front-to-back ratio of the antenna is improved, and the height of the antenna is only 0.05 lambda (lambda is the working wavelength of the antenna) under the condition that the frequency band meets the requirement of bandwidth (10%).

As a specific structure of the 2.4G antenna and the 800M antenna, the 2.4G antenna and the 800M antenna adopt an integrated compatible design, thereby realizing three-frequency-point operation of the whole antenna device without mutual interference. As shown in fig. 4, the 2.4G antenna 3 includes, from bottom to top, a 2.4G antenna reflection surface 31, a second microwave dielectric plate 32, a 2.4GHz excitation patch 33, and a 2.4GHz parasitic patch 34, the bottom surface of the second microwave dielectric plate 32 has the same shape as the top surface of the 2.4G antenna reflection surface 31, and the second microwave dielectric plate 32 is fastened on the 2.4G antenna reflecting surface 31 by a metal screw far away from the 2.4GHz excitation patch, the 2.4GHz parasitic patch 34 is arranged at a distance from the 2.4GHz excitation patch 33, the 2.4G antenna has a 2.4GHz feed port 35 and an 800MHz feed port 41 on the bottom surface of the reflecting surface, the 800M antenna 4 is positioned right above the 2.4GHz parasitic patch 34, and the coaxial line feeder 5 sequentially passes through the central axes of the 2.4GHz parasitic patch 34, the 2.4GHz excitation patch 33, the second microwave dielectric plate 32 and the 2.4G antenna reflecting surface 31 and then is connected with the 800MHz feed port 41.

This embodiment 2.4G antenna element adopts the laminated structure of air coupling, its characteristics lie in 2.4GHz excitation paster, 2.4GHz parasitic paster, second microwave dielectric plate and 2.4G antenna plane of reflection center have the circular port, be used for interlude coaxial feeder 5, the coaxial feeder connects 800MHz antenna, adopt this project organization, the coaxial feeder can not exert an influence to 2.4G antenna element, its principle lies in 2.4GHz excitation paster, 2.4GHz parasitic paster, 2.4G antenna plane of reflection center is the electric potential zero point, the antenna during operation can not produce high-frequency current, thereby realize the antenna integrated design.

Therefore, in summary, the 1.4G antenna and the 2.4G antenna of the invention adopt air coupling, the excitation layer only uses a thinner microwave dielectric plate, the requirement on the loss tangent of the microwave dielectric plate is not high (less than 0.01), and the production cost is reduced; for the 1.4G unit antenna, two sides of the floor vertical to the polarization direction of the antenna are bent upwards by 90 degrees, and the front-to-back ratio and the gain of the antenna radiation can be optimized by adjusting the height of the folded part; in addition, the antenna units adopt a microstrip antenna structure with a unidirectional radiation characteristic, the 1.4G antenna unit designed by the invention has a higher radiation front-to-back ratio, the front-to-back ratio is 16dB, 8 antenna units to be gated are controlled by a microwave switch array, so that 8 horizontal beams can be generated, the gain of the single beam in the horizontal 45-degree range is superior to 7dB, and the beam switching antenna array designed by the method saves a large number of TR components, is low in cost and stable in work. In addition, the 2.4G antenna and the 800M antenna are integrally designed, so that the antenna is suitable for the compatible design of a monopole antenna and a microstrip antenna, and further the whole antenna device can work at three frequency points without mutual interference; the antenna device designed by the invention has the advantages of compact structure, light weight, compatibility of three frequency points, easy integrated use and particular suitability for airborne emergency communication.

The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.