阅读说明：本技术 一种太阳能自动追踪系统 (Solar energy automatic tracking system ) 是由 彭元堃 杨艳 杨玮 孙壮壮 陈士燃 于 2019-10-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种太阳能自动追踪系统,包括有底座、固定于底座上的水平驱动电机、底端转动连接于底座上的竖直转动轴、固定连接于竖直转动轴上的转动滑套和水平转动托盘、固定于水平转动托盘上的角度调整电机、与角度调整电机输出轴固定连接的水平传动丝杠、螺纹连接于水平传动丝杠上的移动滑套、底端铰接于移动滑套上的连接杆、两端铰接于连接杆的顶端和水平转动托盘之间的太阳能电池板、垂直固定于太阳能电池板辐照面上的太阳位置采集装置、以及控制器,水平驱动电机通过传动齿轮与转动滑套传动连接,太阳位置采集装置、水平驱动电机和角度调整电机均与控制器连接。本发明可对太阳能进行三维自动追踪,大大提高了太阳能的利用效率。(The invention discloses a solar automatic tracking system, which comprises a base, a horizontal driving motor fixed on the base, a vertical rotating shaft with the bottom end rotatably connected on the base, a rotating sliding sleeve and a horizontal rotating tray fixedly connected on the vertical rotating shaft, an angle adjusting motor fixed on the horizontal rotating tray, and a horizontal transmission lead screw fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor, the solar cell panel is connected with the horizontal transmission screw rod in a transmission mode, the solar position acquisition device is vertically fixed on an irradiation surface of the solar cell panel, the horizontal driving motor is in transmission connection with the rotary sliding sleeve through a transmission gear, and the solar position acquisition device, the horizontal driving motor and the angle adjusting motor are connected with the controller. The invention can automatically track the solar energy in three dimensions, thereby greatly improving the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.)

1. The utility model provides a solar energy automatic tracking system which characterized in that: the device comprises a base, a horizontal driving motor fixed on the base, a vertical rotating shaft with the bottom end connected to the base through a bearing, a rotating sliding sleeve and a horizontal rotating tray fixedly connected to the vertical rotating shaft, an angle adjusting motor fixed on the horizontal rotating tray, a horizontal transmission screw rod horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor, a moving sliding sleeve in threaded connection with the horizontal transmission screw rod, a connecting rod, a solar cell panel, a sun position acquisition device and a controller; an output shaft of the horizontal driving motor is vertically upward and is fixedly connected with a transmission gear, external meshing teeth are arranged on the rotating sliding sleeve, and the transmission gear and the rotating sliding sleeve are positioned at the same horizontal height and are meshed with each other; the bottom end of the solar cell panel is hinged to the horizontal rotating tray, the top end of the solar cell panel is hinged to the top end of the connecting rod, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is hinged to the moving sliding sleeve on the horizontal transmission screw rod; the sun position acquisition device comprises a shading barrel with a barrel-shaped structure and five photodiodes D1-D5 fixed on the inner bottom surface of the shading barrel, wherein the shading barrel is vertically fixed on a radiation surface of a solar panel, a light through hole is formed in the center of the top of the shading barrel, four photodiodes D1-D4 in the five photodiodes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the bottom of the shading barrel, and the other photodiode D5 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the shading barrel; the five photosensitive diodes D1-D5, the horizontal driving motor and the angle adjusting motor are all connected with the controller.

2. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: one end of the horizontal transmission screw rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor, and the other end of the horizontal transmission screw rod is connected with a bearing fixed on the horizontal rotating tray.

3. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the solar automatic tracking system also comprises a daytime and night detection circuit and a cloudy detection circuit; the daytime and night detection circuit comprises a photodiode D6, a resistor R0, a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier U1, wherein the cathode of the photodiode D6 is connected with the anode of a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D6 is grounded through a resistor R0, the anode of the photodiode D6 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier U1, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R1, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the power supply through a resistor R2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a controller; the cloudy day detection circuit comprises a photodiode D7, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and an operational amplifier U2, wherein the cathode of the photodiode D7 is connected with the anode of a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D7 is grounded through the resistor R3, the anode of the photodiode D7 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is grounded through the resistor R5 and the resistor R4 in sequence, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply through the resistor R6, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a controller.

4. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the controller, the daytime and night detection circuit and the cloudy day detection circuit are all integrated on a circuit board in the control box, the photodiode D6 and the photodiode D7 are all fixed on the outer wall of the control box, and the control box is fixed on the base.

5. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 3, characterized in that: the operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U2 are all operational amplifiers with the model number LM 324.

6. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the five photodiodes D1-D5 are connected with the controller through four operational amplifiers U3, the cathodes of the five photodiodes D1-D5 are all connected with a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D5 is grounded through a resistor R7, the anode of the photodiode D1 is grounded through a resistor R8, the anode of the photodiode D2 is grounded through a resistor R9, the anode of the photodiode D3 is grounded through a resistor R10, the anode of the photodiode D4 is grounded through a resistor R11, the anode of the photodiode D5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3B, the anode of the photodiode D3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3C, and the anode of the photodiode D4 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3D, four output ends of the four operational amplifiers U3 are connected with the controller.

7. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 6, characterized in that: the four operational amplifiers U3 are selected from four operational amplifiers LM 324.

8. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller adopts an AT89C51 type singlechip.

9. An automatic solar tracking system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the controller is connected with a manual starting key.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of solar panels, in particular to an automatic solar tracking system.

Background

In view of the current energy development, the consumption of traditional energy is getting larger and larger, and solar energy is favored by many countries as a novel green clean energy. Although solar energy is widely regarded by all countries in the world, the solar energy is not popularized due to the problems of high cost, low photoelectric conversion efficiency and the like of solar cells, in China, most solar cell arrays are fixedly installed, the solar panels cannot deviate from the angle along with the movement of the sun, so that sunlight cannot vertically irradiate on the solar panels in real time, and the solar energy resources are far from being fully utilized.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a solar automatic tracking system which can automatically track solar energy in three dimensions and greatly improve the utilization efficiency of the solar energy.

The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:

a solar automatic tracking system comprises a base, a horizontal driving motor fixed on the base, a vertical rotating shaft with the bottom end connected to the base through a bearing, a rotating sliding sleeve and a horizontal rotating tray fixedly connected to the vertical rotating shaft, an angle adjusting motor fixed on the horizontal rotating tray, a horizontal transmission lead screw horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor, a movable sliding sleeve in threaded connection with the horizontal transmission lead screw, a connecting rod, a solar cell panel, a solar position acquisition device and a controller; an output shaft of the horizontal driving motor is vertically upward and is fixedly connected with a transmission gear, external meshing teeth are arranged on the rotating sliding sleeve, and the transmission gear and the rotating sliding sleeve are positioned at the same horizontal height and are meshed with each other; the bottom end of the solar cell panel is hinged to the horizontal rotating tray, the top end of the solar cell panel is hinged to the top end of the connecting rod, and the bottom end of the connecting rod is hinged to the moving sliding sleeve on the horizontal transmission screw rod; the sun position acquisition device comprises a shading barrel with a barrel-shaped structure and five photodiodes D1-D5 fixed on the inner bottom surface of the shading barrel, wherein the shading barrel is vertically fixed on a radiation surface of a solar panel, a light through hole is formed in the center of the top of the shading barrel, four photodiodes D1-D4 in the five photodiodes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the bottom of the shading barrel, and the other photodiode D5 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the shading barrel; the five photosensitive diodes D1-D5, the horizontal driving motor and the angle adjusting motor are all connected with the controller.

One end of the horizontal transmission screw rod is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor, and the other end of the horizontal transmission screw rod is connected with a bearing fixed on the horizontal rotating tray.

The solar automatic tracking system also comprises a daytime and night detection circuit and a cloudy detection circuit; the daytime and night detection circuit comprises a photodiode D6, a resistor R0, a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier U1, wherein the cathode of the photodiode D6 is connected with the anode of a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D6 is grounded through a resistor R0, the anode of the photodiode D6 is connected with the non-inverting input end of an operational amplifier U1, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R1, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with the power supply through a resistor R2, and the output end of the operational amplifier U1 is connected with a controller; the cloudy day detection circuit comprises a photodiode D7, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and an operational amplifier U2, wherein the cathode of the photodiode D7 is connected with the anode of a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D7 is grounded through the resistor R3, the anode of the photodiode D7 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is grounded through the resistor R5 and the resistor R4 in sequence, the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with the power supply through the resistor R6, and the output end of the operational amplifier U2 is connected with a controller.

The controller, the daytime and night detection circuit and the cloudy day detection circuit are all integrated on a circuit board in the control box, the photodiode D6 and the photodiode D7 are all fixed on the outer wall of the control box, and the control box is fixed on the base.

The operational amplifier U1 and the operational amplifier U2 are all operational amplifiers with the model of LM324, and the operational amplifier with the model of LM324 has the characteristics of short-circuit protection output, internal compensation, single power supply from 3.0V to 32V and the like.

The five photodiodes D1-D5 are connected with the controller through four operational amplifiers U3, the cathodes of the five photodiodes D1-D5 are all connected with a power supply, the anode of the photodiode D5 is grounded through a resistor R7, the anode of the photodiode D1 is grounded through a resistor R8, the anode of the photodiode D2 is grounded through a resistor R9, the anode of the photodiode D3 is grounded through a resistor R10, the anode of the photodiode D4 is grounded through a resistor R11, the anode of the photodiode D5 is connected with the inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D1 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D2 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3B, the anode of the photodiode D3 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3C, and the anode of the photodiode D4 is connected with the non-inverting input end of the operational amplifier U3D, four output ends of the four operational amplifiers U3 are connected with the controller.

The four operational amplifiers U3 are selected from four operational amplifiers LM 324.

The controller adopts an AT89C51 type singlechip.

The controller is connected with a manual starting key.

The invention has the advantages that:

the solar tracking device is simple in structure and convenient to operate, the position of the solar ray is collected by the solar position collecting device, and the solar rays in different directions and different angles are quickly tracked by the horizontal driving motor and the angle adjusting motor, so that the utilization efficiency of solar energy is greatly improved; the solar energy tracking device is also provided with a day and night detection circuit and a cloudy day detection circuit, the day and night detection circuit is utilized to judge whether the day is the night or the night, when the night is the night, the controller stops working and enters a waiting state, if the day is the day, the cloudy day detection circuit is utilized to judge whether the day is a sunny day or a cloudy day, the solar cell panel is adjusted according to a set angle of the controller to absorb solar energy on the cloudy day, the sun position acquisition device acquires the position of light rays on the sunny day, and the controller controls the horizontal driving motor and the angle adjustment motor to quickly track the solar light rays, so that the energy consumption of the device is greatly reduced; the device has simple structure and low manufacturing cost, and is convenient to build and disassemble.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the solar position collecting device of the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a circuit diagram of the solar position acquisition device of the present invention.

Fig. 4 is a circuit diagram of the day and night detection circuit of the present invention.

Fig. 5 is a circuit diagram of the cloudy day detection circuit of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a solar automatic tracking system comprises a base 1, a horizontal driving motor 2 fixed on the base 1, a vertical rotating shaft 3 with the bottom end connected to the base 1 through a bearing, a rotating sliding sleeve 4 and a horizontal rotating tray 5 fixedly connected to the vertical rotating shaft 3, an angle adjusting motor 6 fixed on the horizontal rotating tray 5, a horizontal transmission screw 7 horizontally arranged and fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor 6, a moving sliding sleeve 8 screwed on the horizontal transmission screw 7, a connecting rod 9, a solar panel 10, a solar position acquisition device 11 and a controller (an AT89C51 type single chip microcomputer) arranged in a control box 12; an output shaft of the horizontal driving motor 1 is vertically upward, a transmission gear 13 is fixedly connected to the output shaft of the horizontal driving motor 1, external meshing teeth are arranged on the rotating sliding sleeve 4, and the transmission gear 13 and the rotating sliding sleeve 4 are positioned at the same horizontal height and are meshed with each other; one end of a horizontal transmission screw 7 is fixedly connected with an output shaft of the angle adjusting motor 6, and the other end of the horizontal transmission screw 7 is connected with a bearing fixed on the horizontal rotating tray 5; the bottom end of the solar cell panel 10 is hinged on the horizontal rotating tray 5, the top end of the solar cell panel 10 is hinged with the top end of the connecting rod 9, and the bottom end of the connecting rod 9 is hinged with the movable sliding sleeve 8 on the horizontal transmission screw 7; the sun position acquisition device 11 comprises a shading barrel 111 with a barrel-shaped structure and five photodiodes D1-D5 fixed on the inner bottom surface of the shading barrel 111, the shading barrel 111 is vertically fixed on the radiation surface of the solar panel 10, a light through hole 112 is formed in the center of the top of the shading barrel 1111, four photodiodes D1-D4 of the five photodiodes are uniformly distributed along the circumference of the bottom of the shading barrel 111, the photodiode D1 is adjacent to the top end of the solar panel 10, the photodiode D3 is adjacent to the bottom end of the solar panel 10, and the other photodiode D5 is fixed at the center of the bottom of the shading barrel 111; five photodiodes D1-D5, horizontal driving motor 2 and angle adjustment motor 6 are all connected with the controller, are connected with manual start button on the controller, thereby the manual start of this solar energy automatic tracking system of being convenient for carries out automatic tracking.

Referring to fig. 3, five photodiodes D1-D5 are connected to the controller through four operational amplifiers U3(LM324), the cathodes of the five photodiodes D1-D5 are all connected to the power supply, the anode of the photodiode D5 is grounded through a resistor R7, the anode of the photodiode D1 is grounded through a resistor R8, the anode of the photodiode D2 is grounded through a resistor R9, the anode of the photodiode D3 is grounded through a resistor R10, the anode of the photodiode D4 is grounded through a resistor R11, the anode of the photodiode D5 is connected to the inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D1 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3A, the anode of the photodiode D2 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3B, the anode of the photodiode D3 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3C, the anode of the photodiode D4 is connected to the non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U3D, four output ends of the four operational amplifiers U3 are connected with the controller.

The solar automatic tracking system also comprises a daytime and night detection circuit and a cloudy detection circuit;

referring to fig. 4, the daytime and night detection circuit includes a photodiode D6, a resistor R0, a resistor R1, a resistor R2 and an operational amplifier U1 (model LM324), a cathode of the photodiode D6 is connected to an anode of a power supply, an anode of the photodiode D6 is grounded through the resistor R0, an anode of the photodiode D6 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of an operational amplifier U1, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is grounded through a resistor R1, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a power supply through a resistor R2, and an output terminal of the operational amplifier U1 is connected to a controller;

referring to fig. 5, the cloudy day detection circuit includes a photodiode D7, a resistor R3, a resistor R4, a resistor R5, a resistor R6 and an operational amplifier U2 (model LM324), a cathode of the photodiode D7 is connected to an anode of a power supply, an anode of the photodiode D7 is grounded through the resistor R3, an anode of the photodiode D7 is connected to a non-inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is grounded through the resistor R5 and the resistor R4 in sequence, an inverting input terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to the power supply through the resistor R6, an output terminal of the operational amplifier U2 is connected to a controller, the daytime and nighttime detection circuit and the cloudy day detection circuit are integrated on a circuit board in a control box, the photodiode D6 and the photodiode D7 are fixed on an outer wall of the control box, and the control box is fixed on a base.

The working principle of the invention is as follows:

(1) firstly, a photodiode D6 in a daytime and night detection circuit collects illumination intensity, when detection is judged to be at night, an operational amplifier U1 outputs low level to a controller, the controller stops working and enters a waiting state, the continuous power consumption of a system is prevented when the controller is at night, when the detection is judged to be at daytime, the operational amplifier U1 outputs high level to the controller, and the controller continues cloudy day judgment;

(2) the photodiode D7 of the cloudy day detection circuit collects illumination intensity, when the detection result is cloudy day, the operational amplifier U2 outputs low level to the controller, the controller controls the horizontal driving motor 2 and the angle adjusting motor 6 to enable the solar panel 10 to adjust the position according to the set angle, when the detection result is sunny day, the operational amplifier U1 outputs high level to the controller, the controller starts the solar position collecting device 11 to collect the sunlight position, and then drives the horizontal driving motor 2 and the angle adjusting motor 6 to enable the solar panel 10 to adjust the position according to the collection judgment angle;

(3) when the photosensitive diode D1 detects sunlight, the controller drives the angle adjusting motor 6 to rotate reversely, so that the included angle between the solar cell panel 10 and the connecting rod 9 is increased, namely the solar cell panel 10 inclines towards the horizontal direction, and until the photosensitive diode D5 detects the sunlight, the controller controls the angle adjusting motor 6 to stop rotating reversely; when the photosensitive diode D3 detects sunlight, the controller drives the angle adjusting motor 6 to rotate forwards, so that the included angle between the solar cell panel 10 and the connecting rod 9 is reduced, namely the solar cell panel 10 inclines towards the vertical direction, and the controller drives and controls the angle adjusting motor 6 to stop rotating forwards until the photosensitive diode D5 detects the sunlight; when the photodiode D2 or D4 detects the sunlight, the controller drives the horizontal driving motor 2 to rotate positively or reversely, the horizontal driving motor 2 drives the rotating sliding sleeve 4 to rotate through the transmission gear 13, the rotating sliding sleeve 4 drives the vertical rotating shaft 3 to rotate, then the horizontal rotating tray 5 and the solar cell panel 10 are sequentially driven to rotate horizontally until the photodiode D5 detects the sunlight, and the controller controls the horizontal driving motor 2 to stop rotating.

Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.