阅读说明：本技术 用于毫米波通信的贴片天线 (Patch antenna for millimeter wave communication ) 是由 应志农 徐博 于 2017-05-15 设计创作，主要内容包括：天线具有在毫米波频率范围内的至少一个谐振频率。天线包括接地平面,其被设置在第一平面中,该接地平面具有第一孔径,在该第一孔径处通过馈线向天线馈送RF信号；以及主贴片,其被设置在平行于第一平面的第二平面中,第一平面和第二平面被间隔开以在接地平面与主贴片之间形成第一腔体,该主贴片具有第二孔径。(The antenna has at least one resonant frequency in the millimeter wave frequency range. The antenna comprises a ground plane arranged in a first plane, the ground plane having a first aperture at which an RF signal is fed to the antenna by a feed line; and a primary patch disposed in a second plane parallel to the first plane, the first and second planes being spaced apart to form a first cavity between the ground plane and the primary patch, the primary patch having a second aperture.)

1. A patch antenna (12) having at least one resonant frequency in a millimeter wave frequency range, the patch antenna comprising:

a ground plane (18) disposed in a first plane, the ground plane having a first aperture (22) at which the antenna is fed an RF signal through a feed line (24); and

a primary patch (32) disposed in a second plane parallel to the first plane, the first and second planes being spaced apart to form a first antenna cavity (36) between the ground plane and the primary patch, the primary patch having a second aperture (38).

2. The antenna of claim 1, wherein the first antenna cavity is an air gap.

3. The antenna of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the geometric centers of the apertures are coaxially aligned.

4. The antenna according to any of claims 1-3, wherein the ground plane is provided on a first substrate (14) and the primary patch is provided on a second substrate (16).

5. The antenna of claim 4, wherein the first and second substrates are layers of a multilayer printed circuit board.

6. The antenna of claim 5, wherein the cavity is formed by removing a portion of the multilayer printed circuit board.

7. The antenna of any one of claims 1-6, the patch antenna further comprising a parasitic patch (40) disposed in a third plane, the third plane parallel to the first plane and the second plane, the third plane spaced apart from the second plane to form a second antenna cavity (43) between the primary patch and the parasitic patch on an opposite side of the primary patch from the first antenna cavity, the parasitic patch adding a second resonant frequency in the millimeter-wave frequency range to the antenna.

8. The antenna of claim 7, wherein the first resonant frequency of the antenna is about 28GHz and the second resonant frequency is about 39 GHz.

9. The antenna of any one of claims 7 to 8, wherein the geometric centers of the primary and parasitic patches are coaxially aligned.

10. The antenna of claim 9, wherein the geometric centers of the primary patch, the parasitic patch, and the aperture are coaxially aligned.

11. The antenna of any one of claims 7 to 10, wherein:

the aperture has a length of about 2.7 mm;

the height of the first antenna cavity is about 0.3 mm;

the height of the second antenna cavity is about 0.1 mm;

the primary patch has a length of about 3.4mm to about 3.6 mm;

the width of the primary patch is from about 3.4mm to about 3.6 mm;

the parasitic patch has a length of about 0.6mm to about 0.9 mm; and

the width of the primary patch is about 0.7mm to about 1.0 mm.

12. An electronic device, the electronic device comprising:

the antenna of any one of claims 1 to 11; and

a communication circuit operably coupled to the antenna, wherein the communication circuit is configured to generate a radio frequency signal that is fed to the antenna to be transmitted as part of a wireless communication with another device.

Technical Field

The technology of the present disclosure relates generally to antennas for electronic devices and, more particularly, to an antenna supporting millimeter wave frequencies.

Background

Communication standards such as 3G and 4G are currently in widespread use. It is expected that an infrastructure supporting 5G communication will be deployed soon. To utilize 5G, a portable electronic device such as a mobile phone would need to be configured with appropriate communication components. These components include antennas having one or more resonant frequencies in the millimeter (mm) wave range extending from 10GHz to 100 GHz. In many countries, the available 5G millimeter wave frequencies are considered to be at 28GHz and 39 GHz. The spectrum is discontinuous in frequency. Thus, if the mobile device were to support operation at more than one millimeter wave frequency, the antenna would have to be a multi-band antenna (sometimes referred to as a multi-band antenna or a multi-mode antenna).

In addition, since the wavelength is very small, performance can be enhanced by using multiple antennas in an array. With proper phasing, array antennas provide potential antenna gain, but also add challenges. Phasing narrows the antenna radiation into a beam that can be directed to the base station. The antenna elements of the array should have a wide pattern, good polarization, low coupling and low ground current. Achieving these characteristics is a challenge for the proposed dual-band antennas at 28GHz and 39GHz frequencies. One reason for this is that narrow band feed lines (feedlines) typically have undesirable radiation at resonant millimeter wave frequencies.

Disclosure of Invention

The present disclosure describes a slot-coupled patch antenna (slot-coupled patch antenna) having bandwidth characteristics to support wireless communications at one or more 5G millimeter wave operating frequencies. When implemented in an array, the antennas substantially remove feedline emissions and suppress mutual coupling. The antenna has a multilayer structure with a patch and slot arrangement. The antenna may have a compact size and good bandwidth at a first resonant frequency (such as about 28 GHz). Another resonant frequency (such as about 39GHz) may be established by adding a parasitic patch. The plurality of antennas may be arranged in an array. The antenna (or antenna array) may be used in, for example, a mobile terminal (e.g., a mobile phone), a small base station, or an internet of things (IoT) device.

According to aspects of the present disclosure, a patch antenna has at least one resonance frequency in a millimeter wave frequency range, and includes: a ground plane disposed in a first plane, the ground plane having a first aperture at which an RF signal is fed to the antenna by a feed line; and a primary patch disposed in a second plane parallel to the first plane, the first and second planes being spaced apart to form a first antenna cavity between the ground plane and the primary patch, the primary patch having a second aperture.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the first antenna cavity is an air gap.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the geometric centers of the apertures are coaxially aligned.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the ground plane is disposed on the first substrate and the primary patch is disposed on the second substrate.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the first substrate and the second substrate are layers of a multilayer printed circuit board.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the cavity is formed by removing a portion of the multilayer printed circuit board.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the antenna further comprises a parasitic patch disposed in a third plane, the third plane being parallel to the first plane and the second plane, the third plane being spaced apart from the second plane to form a second antenna cavity between the main patch and the parasitic patch on an opposite side of the main patch from the first antenna cavity, the parasitic patch adding a second resonant frequency in the millimeter wave frequency range to the antenna.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the first resonant frequency of the antenna is about 28GHz and the second resonant frequency is about 39 GHz.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the geometric centers of the main patch and the parasitic patch are coaxially aligned.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the geometric centers of the main patch, the parasitic patch and the aperture are coaxially aligned.

According to one embodiment of the antenna, the apertures have a length of about 2.7 mm; the height of the first antenna cavity is about 0.3 mm; the height of the second antenna cavity is about 0.1 mm; the length of the primary patch is from about 3.4mm to about 3.6 mm; the width of the primary patch is about 3.4mm to about 3.6 mm; the parasitic patch has a length of about 0.6mm to about 0.9 mm; and the width of the primary patch is about 0.7mm to about 1.0 mm.

According to other aspects of the disclosure, an electronic device includes an antenna and communication circuitry operably coupled to the antenna, wherein the communication circuitry is configured to generate radio frequency signals that are fed to the antenna for transmission as part of wireless communication with another device.

The proposed multilayer configuration suppresses surface waves that have been observed in the enclosure (housing) of the user equipment when operating in the millimeter wave band, and also provides sufficient bandwidth for wireless communication. The proposed antenna configuration is compact and can be easily integrated into user equipment operating in the millimeter wave frequency band. In embodiments where a parasitic patch is present and fed through an aperture on the primary patch, a higher resonant frequency is excited so that the patch antenna provides dual-band radiation without increasing the footprint (fotprint) of the antenna.

Drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device including an antenna according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 2 is a representation of an antenna according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 3 is a cross-section of the antenna taken along line 3-3 of fig. 2.

Fig. 4A is a top view of a first substrate for an antenna.

Fig. 4B is a top view of a second substrate for an antenna.

Fig. 5 is a graph of the operating characteristics of the antenna.

Fig. 6A and 6B are side views of the antenna of fig. 2 showing electric fields of the antenna when resonating in the first and second resonance modes, respectively.

Fig. 7A and 7B are radiation patterns emitted by the antenna of fig. 2 at a first resonant frequency and a second resonant frequency, respectively.

Fig. 8 is a representation of another embodiment of an antenna according to the present disclosure.

Fig. 9 is a graph of the operating characteristics of the antenna of fig. 8.

Fig. 10 is a graph of the operating characteristics of the antenna of fig. 8, but without an aperture in the main patch element of the antenna.

Fig. 11A and 11B are graphs of operating characteristics of the antenna of fig. 2, illustrating the effect of varying characteristics of the main patch element of the antenna.

Fig. 12A and 12B are graphs of operating characteristics of the antenna of fig. 2, illustrating the effect of varying characteristics of the parasitic patch element of the antenna.

Fig. 13 illustrates an antenna array with multiple antennas according to the antenna of fig. 2.

Detailed Description

Embodiments will now be described with reference to the drawings, wherein like reference numerals are used to refer to like elements throughout. It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale. Features that are described and/or illustrated with respect to one embodiment may be used in the same way or in a similar way in one or more other embodiments and/or in combination with or instead of the features of the other embodiments.

Various embodiments of antenna structures that may be used at millimeter-wave frequencies are described below in conjunction with the figures. Although the figures show one antenna, it should be understood that the antenna array may be used for beamforming or sweeping (sweeparing) applications.

Multimode antenna structure

An exemplary environment for the disclosed antenna is shown with reference to fig. 1. An exemplary environment is an electronic device 10 configured as a mobile radiotelephone (more commonly referred to as a mobile telephone or smartphone). The electronic device 10 may be referred to as a user equipment or UE. The electronic device 10 may be, but is not limited to, a mobile radiotelephone, a tablet computing device, a computer, a gaming device, an internet of things (IoT) device, a media player, a base station or access point, or the like. Additional details of the exemplary electronic device 10 are described below.

As shown, the electronic device 10 includes an antenna 12 that supports wireless communication. Referring additionally to fig. 2, one embodiment of the antenna 12 is shown in somewhat schematic form. Fig. 3 illustrates a cross-section of the antenna 12 along line 3-3 of fig. 2 and shows all operational structural features of the indicated portion of the antenna 12. Fig. 2 includes a coordinate system for reference. The directional descriptions in this disclosure are made with respect to a coordinate system and do not relate to any orientation of the antenna 12 in space. Fig. 4A and 4B are top views of the first substrate 14 of the antenna 12 and the second substrate 16 of the antenna, respectively. In fig. 4A and 4B, the conductive layers on the top of the substrates 14, 16 are shown in solid lines and the conductive layers on the bottom of the substrates 14, 16 are shown in dashed lines. The substrates 14, 16 may be, for example, individual Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) or may be layers of a multi-layer PCB.

Referring to fig. 2-4B, the antenna 12 is aperture fed (e.g., the line feeding RF energy to the antenna is shielded from the rest of the antenna by a conductive plane having an aperture that transmits energy to the radiating portion of the antenna). To this end, the antenna 12 includes a ground plane 18 disposed on an upper surface 20 of the first substrate 14. A first aperture 22 (also referred to as a slot) is formed in the ground plane 18 and has a longitudinal axis in the x-axis direction. The feed line 24 is disposed on a lower surface 26 of the first substrate 14. The feed line 24 may be, for example, a 50 ohm (Ω) open microstrip line having a longitudinal axis in the y-axis direction. The feed line 24 extends from a connection point 28 (schematically represented by a triangular object in fig. 2) to the end of a stub 30. The stub 30 (or a portion of the feed line 24 extending through the aperture 22 in the y-axis direction) has an electrical length of a quarter wavelength. The feed line 24 is connected to a component that provides an RF signal at a connection point 28. The component providing the RF signal may be the output of a power amplifier or the output of a tuning or impedance matching circuit. The components that provide the RF signals may be located on another layer of the PCB including the first substrate 14 or on a separate substrate.

The primary patch 32 is disposed on a lower surface 34 of the second substrate 16. The second substrate 16 is positioned relative to the first substrate 14 such that the ground plane 18 and the primary patch 32 are spaced apart from each other in the z-axis direction. Exemplary spacing between the ground plane 18 and the primary patch 32, as well as other antenna parameters, are provided in the following sections. Thus, an antenna cavity 36 exists between the primary patch 32 and the ground plane 18. In a preferred embodiment, the antenna cavity 36 is filled with air and may be referred to as an air gap. In another embodiment, the antenna cavity 36 is filled with a dielectric material other than air.

In one embodiment where the first and second substrates 14, 16 are part of a multi-layer PCB, the antenna cavity 36 is also a physical cavity in the multi-layer PCB formed by removing a portion of the multi-layer PCB. For example, a portion of a third substrate (not shown) interposed between the first substrate 14 and the second substrate 16 may be removed by a process such as drilling, machining, or etching. In this case, the remainder of the third substrate provides mechanical support for the second substrate 16. In another embodiment where the second substrate 16 is a spaced apart component from the first substrate 14, spacers or other retaining members may be used to maintain the second substrate 16 in position relative to the first substrate.

A second aperture 38 (also referred to as a slot) is formed in the primary patch 32 and has a longitudinal axis in the x-axis direction. Thus, the first aperture 22 and the second aperture 38 are parallel to each other. In one embodiment, the geometric center of the first aperture 22 is aligned above the geometric center of the second aperture 38 (in the direction of the z-axis). Thus, the apertures 22, 38 have a common central axis and may be considered to be coaxially aligned in the direction of the z-axis (e.g., the geometric centers of the apertures 22, 38 have the same x-axis and y-axis values, but have different z-axis values). This relationship provides a higher radiation efficiency of the antenna 12. The intersection of the first aperture 22 and the feed line 24 in the z-axis direction may also be coaxially aligned with the geometric center of the apertures 22, 28.

Second aperture 38 amplifies the electrical length (electrical length) of the surface current of primary patch 32 relative to the electrical length of the surface current of a similar primary patch without aperture 38. The electrical length of the surface current of the primary patch 32 increases as the physical length (measured in the x-axis direction) of the second aperture 38 increases. Thus, the resonant frequency and bandwidth of the antenna 12 decrease as the physical length of the second aperture 38 increases. The width of each aperture 22, 38 is small compared to its respective length because the width of the aperture 22, 38 has little effect on the resonant frequency (as measured in the y-direction). In one embodiment, the width of the second aperture 38 is about one tenth of its length, but the width may be up to half its length.

To add a second resonant mode for dual-band radiation, a parasitic patch 40 may be added to the upper surface 42 of the second substrate 16. It is understood that the parasitic patch is an element that is not driven by the RF signal. In one embodiment, the parasitic patch is not electrically connected to any other element of the antenna 12, but rather acts as a passive resonator to establish the second resonant mode. Electrically, a second antenna cavity 43 exists between the primary patch 32 and the parasitic patch 40. The second cavity may be filled with the material of the second substrate 16, a different dielectric material, or air. One or more additional parasitic patches may be added vertically above the parasitic patches to add additional corresponding resonant modes.

The feed line 24, ground plane 18, primary patch 32 and parasitic patch 40 may be made of a suitable conductive material or materials, such as copper. In one embodiment, the feed line 24, the ground plane 18, the primary patch 32, and the parasitic patch 40 each lie in respective planes that are parallel to one another. In one embodiment, the geometric center of the primary patch 32 and the geometric center of the parasitic patch 40 are aligned above and below each other (in the direction of the z-axis) such that the patches 32, 40 have a common central axis. The coaxial alignment of the patch 32 may be a common coaxial alignment with the geometric centers of the apertures 22, 38.

Examples of the invention

In one exemplary embodiment, the antenna 12 may be configured to have resonant frequencies of 28GHz and 39 GHz. This is reflected in the graph of the S (1, 1) -parameter of the antenna 12 as a function of frequency shown in fig. 5.

To achieve these characteristics, the length of the apertures 22, 38 may be about 2.7 millimeters (mm), the width of the apertures 22, 38 may be in a range of about 0.1mm to about 0.3mm, the height of the antenna cavity 36 (e.g., the spacing between the main patch 32 and the ground plane 18) may be about 0.3mm (height measured in the z-axis direction), the height of the substrates 14, 16 may be about 0.1mm, the substrates 14, 16 may have a dielectric constant of 3.38, the length of the main patch 32 may be in a range of about 3.4mm to about 3.6mm, the width of the main patch 32 may be in a range of about 3.4mm to about 3.6mm, the length of the parasitic patch 40 may be in a range of about 0.6mm to about 0.9mm, and the width of the main patch 32 may be in a range of about 0.7mm to about 1.0 mm. Since the second substrate 16 spaces the main patch 32 and the parasitic patch 40, the height of the second cavity 43 may be the same as the height of the second substrate 16. In one embodiment, the substrates 14, 16 are made of a dielectric material RO4003 available from Rogers Corporation of Chandler, Arizona, United States, USA.

The foregoing parameters may be adjusted to achieve a desired resonant frequency and improve impedance matching. Exemplary adjustments that can be made will be described in the parameter studies below.

In the first (lower) resonant mode, the electric field (E) in the lower antenna cavity (e.g., in the antenna cavity 36) between the primary patch 32 and the ground plane 18_z) Is strong and the main patch 32 is the main radiating element at the lower resonant frequency, which in this example is about 28 GHz. In the second (higher) resonant mode, the electric field (E) in the lower antenna cavity (e.g., in antenna cavity 36) between the primary patch 32 and the ground plane 18_z) Weaker than in the lower resonant mode. However, the electric field (E) in the higher antenna cavity 43 between the main patch 32 and the parasitic patch 40_z) Increased relative to the lower resonant mode, resulting in a hybrid mode in which both the primary patch 32 and the parasitic patch 40 radiate at a higher resonant frequency, which in this example is about 39 GHz. Fig. 6A and 6B are representative side views of the antenna 12 that include the electric field when the antenna resonates in the lower and upper resonant modes, respectively. Fig. 7A is a radiation pattern of the antenna 12 when transmitting in the lower resonant mode. Fig. 7B is a radiation pattern of the antenna 12 when transmitting in the higher resonant mode. In fig. 7A and 7B, the y-axis extends in the vertical direction, the x-axis and the y-axis form the illustrated plane, and the z-axis extends in the normal direction from the illustrated plane.

Alternative single mode embodiment

Referring to fig. 8, an alternative embodiment of an antenna is shown. Similar to the illustration of fig. 2, the illustration of fig. 8 is in some schematic form. The antenna 44 has the same configuration as the antenna 12 of fig. 2-4B, but omits the parasitic patch 40 on the upper surface 42 of the second substrate 16. The second substrate 16 is not shown in fig. 8, but may also be present to support the primary patch 32. The antenna 44 may be configured to have a single resonant mode (such as at approximately 28 GHz). This is reflected in the graph of the S (1, 1) -parameter of the antenna 44 shown in fig. 9 as a function of frequency.

Fig. 10 is a graph of the S (1, 1) -parameter of antenna 44 as a function of frequency, but where primary patch 32 is a continuous conductive layer without aperture 38. It can be seen that the aperture 38 reduces the resonant frequency of the antenna 44. As previously described, the aperture 38 causes a similar reduction in the resonant frequency in the antenna 12.

Parameter study of multimode antenna

Variations in the size of the primary patch 32 of the antenna 12, 44 may change the electrical characteristics of the antenna 12, 44. For example, fig. 11A shows the effect of changing the size of the main patch 32 of the antenna 12 in the y-axis direction. For reference, this dimension will be considered to be the width of the primary patch 32. The dimension extending along the x-axis will be considered the length of the primary patch 32. For the analysis performed in conjunction with fig. 11A, the length of the master patch 32 was kept constant. Curve 46 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a main patch 32 width of 3.6mm and a length of 3.5 mm. Curve 48 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a main patch 32 width of 3.5mm and a length of 3.5 mm. Curve 50 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a main patch 32 width of 3.4mm and a length of 3.5 mm. As shown, the width change changes the lower resonant frequency.

Fig. 11B shows the effect of changing the size of the main patch 32 of the antenna 12 in the length direction while maintaining a constant width of 3.7 mm. Curve 52 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a 3.6mm length of the primary patch 32. Curve 54 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a 3.5mm length of the primary patch 32. Curve 56 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a 3.4mm length of the primary patch 32. As shown, changing the length has only a small effect on the lower resonant frequency. These changes can be used to fine tune the lower resonant frequency. In addition, the change in length of the main patch 32 may assist in impedance matching of the antenna 12.

Other dimensional changes of the antenna 12 may result in additional changes in electrical characteristics. For example, the length of the aperture 38, the length of the parasitic patch 40, and the width of the parasitic patch 40 are the three dimensions that have the greatest impact on the higher resonant frequency. For example, fig. 12A illustrates the effect of varying the parasitic patch width while maintaining a constant length of 0.9mm parasitic patch 40 and a constant length of 2.1mm aperture 38. Curve 58 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a width of 1.0mm for the parasitic patch 40. Curve 60 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 width of 0.9 mm. Curve 62 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 width of 0.8 mm. Curve 64 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 width of 0.7 mm.

Fig. 12B illustrates the effect of varying the length of the parasitic patch while maintaining a constant width of the 2.5mm parasitic patch 40 and a constant length of the 2.1mm aperture 38. Curve 66 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 length of 0.9 mm. Curve 68 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 length of 0.8 mm. Curve 62 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 length of 0.7 mm. Curve 64 is a plot of the S (1, 1) -parameter versus frequency for an antenna 12 having a parasitic patch 40 length of 0.6 mm.

It will be appreciated that the dimensions of the primary patch 32, the aperture 38, and the parasitic patch 40 may be varied in concert to achieve the desired higher and lower resonant frequencies.

Multimode antenna array

Fig. 13 illustrates an antenna array 74, the antenna array 74 comprising a plurality of antennas each made in accordance with the antenna 12 shown in fig. 2-4B. In another embodiment, the antenna array 74 may have multiple antennas, each made in accordance with the antenna 44 shown in fig. 8. In the illustrated embodiment, there are four antennas 12a to 12 d. The antennas 12 of the antenna array 74 may share one or more of the common first substrate 14, the common second substrate 16, the common ground plane 18, or a common physical cavity forming the antenna cavity 36 between the respective primary patch 32 and the ground plane 18. Each antenna 12 of the array 74 is fed a respective RF signal. The RF signals have relative phasing to direct or steer the synthetic transmit pattern (residual emission pattern) for beam scanning or sweeping applications.

Exemplary operating Environment

As will be appreciated, the foregoing disclosure describes a multi-band antenna structure configured to support 5G communications in the millimeter wave frequency band. Returning to fig. 1, a schematic block diagram of an electronic device 10 in one exemplary embodiment as a mobile phone that uses an antenna 12 (or antenna 44) for radio (wireless) communication is illustrated. In one embodiment, the antenna 12 supports communication with a base station of a cellular telephone network, but may be used to support other wireless communications (such as WiFi communications). Additional antennas may be present to support other types of communications, such as, but not limited to, WiFi communications, bluetooth communications, Body Area Network (BAN) communications, Near Field Communications (NFC), and 3G and/or 4G communications.

The electronic device 10 includes control circuitry 76 that is responsible for the overall operation of the electronic device 10. The control circuitry 76 includes a processor 78 that executes an operating system 80 and various applications 82. Operating system 80, application programs 82, and stored data 84 (e.g., data associated with operating system 80, application programs 82, and user files) are stored on memory 86. The operating system 80 and applications 82 are embodied in the form of executable logic routines (e.g., lines of code, software programs, etc.) stored on non-transitory computer readable media (e.g., memory 86) of the electronic device 10 and executed by the control circuitry 76.

The processor 78 of the control circuit 76 may be a Central Processing Unit (CPU), microcontroller, or microprocessor. The processor 78 executes code stored in a memory (not shown) within the control circuit 76 and/or in a separate memory, such as the memory 86, in order to carry out operation of the electronic device 10. The memory 86 may be, for example, one or more of a buffer, flash memory, hard drive, removable media, volatile memory, non-volatile memory, Random Access Memory (RAM), or other suitable device. In a typical arrangement, the memory 86 includes non-volatile memory for long-term data storage and volatile memory that is used as system memory for the control circuit 76. The memory 86 may exchange data with the control circuit 76 via a data bus. There may also be accompanying control lines and an address bus between the memory 86 and the control circuit 76. The memory 86 is considered to be a non-transitory computer-readable medium.

As shown, the electronic device 10 includes communication circuitry that enables the electronic device 10 to establish various wireless communication connections. In the exemplary embodiment, the communication circuitry includes radio circuitry 88. The radio circuitry 88 includes one or more radio frequency transceivers and is operatively connected to the antenna 12 and any other antenna of the electronic device 10. Where the electronic device 10 is a multi-mode device capable of communicating using more than one standard or protocol, over more than one Radio Access Technology (RAT), and/or over more than one radio frequency band, the radio circuitry 88 represents one or more radio transceivers, tuners, impedance matching circuitry, and any other components required by the various supported frequency bands and radio access technologies. Exemplary network access technologies supported by the radio circuit 88 include cellular circuit-switched network technologies and packet-switched network technologies. The radio circuitry 88 is also representative of any radio transceiver and antenna for local wireless communication directly with another electronic device, such as over a bluetooth interface and/or over a Body Area Network (BAN) interface.

The electronic device 10 also includes a display 90 for displaying information to a user. The display 90 may be coupled to the control circuit 76 through a video circuit 92, the video circuit 92 converting video data to a video signal for driving the display 90. The video circuit 92 may include any suitable buffers, decoders, video data processors and so forth.

The electronic device 10 may include one or more user inputs 94, the one or more user inputs 94 for receiving user inputs for controlling operation of the electronic device 10. Exemplary user inputs 94 include, but are not limited to, a touch sensitive input 96 overlaying the display 90 or as part of the display 90 for touch screen functionality, and one or more buttons 98. Other types of data inputs may exist, such as one or more motion sensors 100 (e.g., gyroscope sensors, accelerometers, etc.).

The electronic device 10 may also include a sound circuit 102 for processing audio signals. Coupled to the sound circuit 102 are a speaker 104 and a microphone 106 that enable audio operations (e.g., placing a telephone call, outputting sound, capturing audio, etc.) to be performed with the electronic device 10. The sound circuit 102 may include any suitable buffers, encoders, decoders, amplifiers and so forth.

The electronic device 10 may further comprise a power supply unit 108, the power supply unit 108 comprising a rechargeable battery 110. The power supply unit 108 provides operating power from the battery 110 to various components of the electronic device 10 without a connection from the electronic device 10 to an external power source.

The electronic device 10 may also include various other components. For example, the electronic device 10 may include one or more input/output (I/O) connectors (not shown) in the form of electrical connectors for operatively connecting to another device (e.g., a computer) or accessory via a cable, or for receiving power from an external power source.

Another exemplary component is a vibrator 112 configured to vibrate the electronic device 10. Another exemplary component may be one or more cameras 114 for taking pictures or video or for video telephony. As another example, a location data receiver 116, such as a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, may be present to assist in determining the location of the electronic device 10. The electronic device 10 may also include a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) card slot 118 that receives a SIM card 120. The slot 118 includes any suitable connector and interface hardware to establish an operative connection between the electronic device 10 and the SIM card 120.

Although certain embodiments have been shown and described, it is understood that equivalents and modifications falling within the scope of the appended claims will occur to others skilled in the art upon the reading and understanding of this specification.