阅读说明：本技术 一种利用河道底泥堆肥生产园林植物无土栽培基质的方法 (Method for producing garden plant soilless culture substrate by using river sediment compost ) 是由 和苗苗 卢珏 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种利用河道底泥堆肥生产园林植物无土栽培基质的方法。在底泥中添加调理剂配置成堆肥原料,使得堆肥物料中碳氮含量比为20～30:1,含水率为60～70wt﹪；采用条垛式或强制通风式堆肥将堆肥原料进行好氧堆置,堆置后每间隔24小时检测一次堆体的温度；破碎后将基质原料与辅料按照体积比混合均匀,形成园林植物无土栽培基质。本发明获得的底泥堆肥产品质感轻,盐分含量(EC值)、孔隙度、营养成分更接近于泥炭,不易出现幼苗不强壮、烧苗的现象。(The invention discloses a method for producing a soilless culture substrate for garden plants by using river sediment compost. Adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, so that the content ratio of carbon to nitrogen in the composting material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%; aerobic composting is carried out on the composting raw materials by adopting a strip-stack type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a compost body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; and after crushing, uniformly mixing the matrix raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form the soilless culture matrix for the garden plants. The obtained substrate sludge compost product has light texture, the salinity content (EC value), the porosity and the nutrient content are closer to peat, and the phenomena of weak seedlings and seedling burning are not easy to occur.)

1. A method for producing a soilless culture substrate of garden plants by using river sediment compost is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step (1), collecting and dehydrating river sediment;

cutting the conditioner to a certain length;

the conditioner is one or a mixture of garden solid waste, mushroom residue and Chinese medicine residue;

step (3) detecting the water content of the sediment and other urban and rural organic wastes by a weighing method, determining the organic carbon content by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and determining the total nitrogen content by a Kai's nitrogen determination method;

step (4), detecting the water content, the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the conditioner by using the method in the step (3);

adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the composting raw material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%;

step (6), aerobic composting is carried out on the compost raw materials by adopting a strip pile type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a pile body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; wherein the stack-type compost is turned over once every 24-48 hours in the temperature rise period and the high temperature period, and is turned over once every 7-14 days after entering the temperature reduction period; the average ventilation of the forced ventilation type compost is 3L/min (the temperature of the compost is less than 30 ℃) and 6L/min (the temperature of the compost is more than 30 ℃), and the compost is turned over on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 28 th days of the operation of the compost reactor;

the heating period is that the temperature of the stack body is increased to 50 ℃ from the ambient temperature, and the duration is 1-3 days; the high-temperature period is that the temperature of the stack is 50-70 ℃, and the duration is 5-10 days; the temperature reduction period is that the temperature of the stack body is reduced from 50 ℃ to the ambient temperature, and the time for stabilizing the stack body at the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 30 days;

forming a thoroughly decomposed compost product after the compost is finished, and crushing the thoroughly decomposed compost product into substrate raw materials with a certain length;

step (8), uniformly mixing the substrate raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form a soilless culture substrate for landscape plants;

the auxiliary material is one or a mixture of two of perlite and vermiculite.

2. The method for producing soilless culture substrate for garden plants by using riverway sediment compost as claimed in claim 1, wherein the step (2) cuts the conditioner to a length of 8mm or less.

3. The method for producing soilless culture substrate for garden plants according to claim 1, wherein the step (7) is to crush the composted products into substrate raw materials with a length of 1cm or less.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the fields of energy conservation, emission reduction and environmental protection, and relates to technologies such as harmless treatment and resource utilization of urban and rural organic solid wastes by utilizing river sediment compost to produce a soilless culture medium for garden plants, in particular to a method for producing the soilless culture medium for the garden plants by utilizing the river sediment compost.

Background

In order to protect and save limited land resources and achieve the purpose of better cultivating and breeding ornamental plants, people gradually utilize soilless culture technology to cultivate ornamental plants. At present, the commonly used culture medium is peat soil which has good air permeability and is rich in organic matters. However, the excavation of natural peat poses serious threat to wetland and forest ecological environment, so that peat resources are increasingly scarce. Therefore, it is necessary to search for a substitute for peat soil.

In recent years, compost products of organic solid wastes have gradually become the first choice of soilless culture substrate materials for replacing peat soil due to the advantages of stable properties, high organic matter and nutrient content, small quantity of pathogenic bacteria, low price and the like. However, in the general composting process, livestock and poultry manure, sewage sludge and the like are mainly used as raw materials, and the composted products have high C, N, P content and are more suitable for being used as organic fertilizers; when the fertilizer is used for plant cultivation, the problems of weak seedlings, seedling burning and the like caused by excessive nutrient components, high salt content, low cellulose content, relatively poor air permeability and the like are gradually exposed. Therefore, only partial replacement of peat is currently possible.

The riverway bottom mud C, N has relatively low content (C content is 10-50% of the livestock manure or sewage sludge generally, and N content is 30-80% of the livestock manure or sewage sludge generally), and contains various trace elements beneficial to plant growth. More importantly, after other urban and rural organic wastes are added according to a certain proportion for aerobic composting, the EC value and the porosity in the decomposed bottom mud compost are closer to peat soil, thus being beneficial to seedling emergence and seedling strengthening, being capable of meeting the high requirement of a soilless culture medium and being more suitable for being a complete substitute of peat soil. The method also opens up a new way for recycling the bottom mud.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a method for producing soilless culture medium for garden plants by using bottom sediment compost, aiming at the problems in the prior art, thereby replacing peat and achieving better culture effect, solving the problem of processing and disposing of the bottom sediment, saving a large amount of peat resources and having important practical significance for the production of ecological type nutrient medium.

The method comprises the following specific steps:

step (1), collecting and dehydrating river sediment;

cutting the conditioner to a length of less than or equal to 8 mm;

the conditioner is one or a mixture of garden solid waste, mushroom residue and Chinese medicine residue;

step (3) detecting the water content of the sediment and other urban and rural organic wastes by a weighing method, determining the organic carbon content by a potassium dichromate volumetric method-external heating method, and determining the total nitrogen content by a Kai's nitrogen determination method;

step (4), detecting the water content, the organic carbon content and the total nitrogen content of the conditioner by using the method in the step (3);

adding a conditioner into the bottom sludge to prepare a composting raw material, wherein the carbon-nitrogen content ratio of the composting raw material is 20-30: 1, and the water content is 60-70 wt%;

step (6), aerobic composting is carried out on the compost raw materials by adopting a strip pile type or forced ventilation type compost, and the temperature of a pile body is detected every 24 hours after the composting; wherein the stack-type compost is turned over once every 24-48 hours in the temperature rise period and the high temperature period, and is turned over once every 7-14 days after entering the temperature reduction period; the average ventilation of the forced ventilation type compost is 3L/min (the temperature of the compost is less than 30 ℃) and 6L/min (the temperature of the compost is more than 30 ℃), and the compost is turned over on the 3 rd, 7 th, 14 th and 28 th days of the operation of the compost reactor;

the heating period is that the temperature of the stack body is increased to 50 ℃ from the ambient temperature, and the duration is 1-3 days; the high-temperature period is that the temperature of the stack is 50-70 ℃, and the duration is 5-10 days; the temperature reduction period is that the temperature of the stack body is reduced from 50 ℃ to the ambient temperature, and the time for stabilizing the stack body at the ambient temperature is more than or equal to 30 days;

forming a decomposed compost product after the compost is expired, and crushing the decomposed compost product into substrate raw materials with the length of less than or equal to 1 cm;

step (8), uniformly mixing the substrate raw material and the auxiliary material according to the volume ratio to form a soilless culture substrate for landscape plants;

the auxiliary material is one or a mixture of two of perlite and vermiculite, and is added according to the requirements of different plants.

The obtained substrate sludge compost product has light texture, the salinity content (EC value), the porosity and the nutrient content are closer to peat, the phenomena of weak seedlings and seedling burning are not easy to occur, and the substrate sludge compost product is more suitable for soilless culture and seedling culture than common compost products.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the plant morphology of impatiens balsamina in seedling experiments; (a) fresh weight, and plant height.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further analyzed with reference to the following specific examples.