阅读说明：本技术 一种蒸馏提取花的精油方法 (Method for extracting flower essential oil by distillation ) 是由 廖玉璠 于 2019-09-04 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种蒸馏提取花的精油方法,包括以下步骤：S1、破碎：将新鲜花瓣与蒸馏水混合,再破碎,并搅拌均匀,得到破碎混合液；S2、破壁：然后将破碎混合液转移至蒸汽爆破装置中,通入氮气至一定压力,再通入蒸汽至破壁压力,并维持一段时间,然后打开放料阀,减压释放得到破壁混合液；S3、蒸馏：将破壁混合液在蒸馏罐中进行蒸汽蒸馏,得到混合蒸汽；S4、油水分离：将混合蒸汽依次进行冷凝、油水分离和脱水,制得精油。针对蒸汽爆破中温度过高的问题,采用氮气蒸汽耦合爆破法,即先通入高纯氮气至一定压力,然后迅速通入蒸汽至设定压力,在保持蒸汽爆炸压力的同时也能有效降低蒸汽温度,从而减小高温对热敏性成分的破坏。(The invention relates to a method for distilling and extracting essential oil of flowers, which comprises the following steps: s1, crushing: mixing fresh petals with distilled water, crushing, and stirring uniformly to obtain a crushed mixed solution; s2, wall breaking: then transferring the crushed mixed solution into a steam explosion device, introducing nitrogen to a certain pressure, introducing steam to the wall breaking pressure, maintaining for a period of time, then opening a discharge valve, and releasing under reduced pressure to obtain a wall breaking mixed solution; s3, distillation: performing steam distillation on the wall-broken mixed liquor in a distillation retort to obtain mixed steam; s4, oil-water separation: and (4) condensing, separating oil from water and dehydrating the mixed steam in sequence to obtain the essential oil. Aiming at the problem of overhigh temperature in steam explosion, a nitrogen and steam coupling explosion method is adopted, namely high-purity nitrogen is firstly introduced to a certain pressure, then steam is rapidly introduced to a set pressure, the steam temperature can be effectively reduced while the steam explosion pressure is kept, and therefore the damage of high temperature to thermosensitive components is reduced.)

1. A method for distilling and extracting essential oil of flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, crushing: mixing fresh petals with distilled water, crushing, and stirring uniformly to obtain a crushed mixed solution;

s2, wall breaking: then transferring the crushed mixed solution into a steam explosion device, introducing nitrogen to a certain pressure, introducing steam to the wall breaking pressure, maintaining for a period of time, then opening a discharge valve, and releasing under reduced pressure to obtain a wall breaking mixed solution;

s3, distillation: performing steam distillation on the wall-broken mixed liquor in a distillation retort to obtain mixed steam;

s4, oil-water separation: and (4) condensing, separating oil from water and dehydrating the mixed steam in sequence to obtain the essential oil.

2. The method for distilling essential oil of flowers according to claim 1, wherein the step S1 comprises: weighing fresh petals according to a certain mass, mixing the fresh petals with distilled water according to a certain proportion, standing for 0.5-1h, then crushing by using a tissue crusher, and uniformly stirring to obtain a crushed mixed solution.

3. The method for distilling essential oil of flowers according to claim 2, wherein the mass ratio of petals to distilled water is 1: 1.

4. The method for distilling essential oil of flowers according to claim 3, wherein the step S2 comprises: transferring the crushed mixed solution into a steam explosion machine, introducing nitrogen to 0.8-1.2MPa, introducing steam to increase the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, maintaining the treatment time for 1-8min, and opening a discharge valve to release under reduced pressure to obtain the wall-broken mixed solution.

5. The method for distilling essential oil from flowers according to claim 4, wherein the step S3 comprises: transferring the wall-broken mixed solution into a distillation retort, adding a proper amount of distilled water to enable the mass of petals and the mass of the distilled water in the distillation retort to be 1:3, starting a steam generator, adjusting the evaporation temperature to 90-100 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 90-110rpm, and distilling for 0.5-1h to obtain mixed steam.

6. The method for distilling essential oil from flowers according to claim 5, wherein the step S4 comprises: condensing the mixed steam, separating in a multistage oil-water separator, collecting oil layer, and dewatering to obtain essential oil.

7. The method for distilling essential oil of flowers according to claim 6, further comprising S5, introducing the oil-water mixture remaining after the separation into a distillation tank, mixing with the wall-breaking mixed liquid for recycling.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of essential oil extraction, and particularly relates to a method for extracting flower essential oil by distillation.

Background

The current common steam distillation method is used for extracting the rose essential oil, and the yield of the method is about 0.02 percent; meanwhile, the problems that some heat-sensitive components are damaged due to high-temperature steam distillation, extracted essential oil is dark in color and luster, low in quality and the like exist.

Aiming at the problem of low yield of the essential oil by a steam distillation method, wall breaking pretreatment is carried out on the roses by utilizing a physical wall breaking technology, so that aromatic oil components in the roses are completely dissolved out, and the yield of the rose essential oil can be obviously improved. At present, the steam explosion technology is widely applied to the physical wall breaking of plant cells, the main working principle is that raw materials are placed in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment, the raw materials are soaked by superheated liquid to swell, gaps are filled with steam, when high pressure is released instantly, the superheated liquid in the gaps of the raw materials is gasified rapidly, the cells are exploded due to rapid expansion of the volume, a vapor phase medium in the materials is sprayed out and rapidly expanded instantly, and meanwhile, high-pressure liquid water in the materials is rapidly boiled to form flash evaporation to do work outwards, so that the materials are dissociated into single cells from intercellular layers, and the cell wall breaking is realized. However, the treatment temperature in the steam explosion technology is too high, which is not favorable for extracting heat-sensitive components in the rose fragrance oil, thereby affecting the fragrance integrity of the essential oil and greatly reducing the quality of the essential oil.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the problem of overhigh temperature in steam explosion in the conventional extraction method for preparing essential oil, and provides a method for extracting essential oil from flowers by distillation.

In order to achieve the purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:

a method for distilling and extracting essential oil of flowers is characterized by comprising the following steps:

s1, crushing: mixing fresh petals with distilled water, crushing, and stirring uniformly to obtain a crushed mixed solution;

s2, wall breaking: then transferring the crushed mixed solution into a steam explosion device, introducing nitrogen to a certain pressure, introducing steam to the wall breaking pressure, maintaining for a period of time, then opening a discharge valve, and releasing under reduced pressure to obtain a wall breaking mixed solution;

s3, distillation: performing steam distillation on the wall-broken mixed liquor in a distillation retort to obtain mixed steam;

s4, oil-water separation: and (4) condensing, separating oil from water and dehydrating the mixed steam in sequence to obtain the essential oil.

Further, the step S1 includes: weighing fresh petals according to a certain mass, mixing the fresh petals with distilled water according to a certain proportion, standing for 0.5-1h, then crushing by using a tissue crusher, and uniformly stirring to obtain a crushed mixed solution.

Further, the mass ratio of the petals to the distilled water is 1: 1.

Further, the step S2 includes: transferring the crushed mixed solution into a steam explosion machine, introducing nitrogen to 0.8-1.2MPa, introducing steam to increase the pressure of 0.3-0.5 MPa, maintaining the treatment time for 1-8min, and opening a material valve to release under reduced pressure to obtain the wall-broken mixed solution.

Further, the step S3 includes: transferring the wall-broken mixed solution into a distillation retort, adding a proper amount of distilled water to enable the mass of petals and the mass of the distilled water in the distillation retort to be 1:3, starting a steam generator, adjusting the evaporation temperature to 90-100 ℃, adjusting the stirring speed to 90-110rpm, and distilling for 0.5-1h to obtain mixed steam.

Further, the step S4 includes: condensing the mixed steam, separating in a multistage oil-water separator, collecting oil layer, and dewatering to obtain essential oil.

Further comprising S5, introducing the residual oil-water mixture into a distillation retort, mixing with the wall-breaking mixed liquid for recycling.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: because the heat-sensitive components in the rose aromatic oil are easy to destroy and deteriorate at high temperature, aiming at the problem of overhigh temperature in steam explosion, a nitrogen-steam coupling explosion method is adopted, namely high-purity nitrogen is firstly introduced to a certain pressure, then steam is rapidly introduced to a set pressure, the steam temperature can be effectively reduced while the steam explosion pressure is maintained, and thus the damage of the high temperature to the heat-sensitive components is reduced. The nitrogen steam coupling blasting method is adopted, so that the blasting pressure is kept, the steam temperature can be obviously reduced, and the change of the smell of the essential oil caused by the damage of heat-sensitive components is avoided; the dissolution of aromatic oil components can be increased by breaking the walls through steam explosion, so that the yield of the essential oil is greatly improved; can also kill microorganisms attached to the petals and improve the use safety of essential oil products.

Detailed Description

In order to better understand the present invention, the following embodiments are further described.