阅读说明：本技术 一种秸秆干式厌氧发酵处理方法 (Dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws ) 是由 高博 曾毅夫 叶明强 周益辉 于 2019-09-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种秸秆干式厌氧发酵处理方法,包括如下步骤：将秸秆通过传输带输送至干燥箱进行干燥；干燥后的秸秆通过传输带送至干式厌氧发酵罐进行厌氧发酵处理,产生的沼渣被出料蛟龙排出,产生的沼气通过集气罩进行收集储存；收集的沼气经热气引风机输送至沼气燃烧器进行燃烧,燃烧所产生的热气输送至干燥箱对秸秆进行干燥。本发明将厌氧发酵与焚烧处理进行了有机的组合,利用所产沼气对秸秆进行深度干燥,最大程度的实现资源化利用。(The invention discloses a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws, which comprises the following steps: conveying the straws to a drying box through a conveying belt for drying; the dried straws are conveyed to a dry anaerobic fermentation tank through a conveying belt for anaerobic fermentation treatment, the generated biogas residues are discharged by a discharging dragon, and the generated biogas is collected and stored through a gas collecting hood; the collected biogas is conveyed to a biogas burner for burning through a hot gas draught fan, and hot gas generated by burning is conveyed to a drying box for drying the straws. The invention organically combines anaerobic fermentation and incineration treatment, deeply dries the straws by utilizing the produced biogas, and realizes resource utilization to the maximum extent.)

1. A dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, conveying straws to a drying box through a conveying belt for drying;

step 2, conveying the dried straws to dry anaerobic fermentation equipment through a conveying belt for anaerobic fermentation treatment, discharging generated biogas residues by a discharging dragon, and collecting and storing the generated biogas through a gas collecting hood;

and 3, conveying the collected biogas to a biogas combustor for combustion through a hot gas draught fan, and conveying hot gas generated by combustion to a drying box for drying the straws.

2. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in claim 1, wherein the dry anaerobic fermentation equipment comprises an anaerobic fermentation tank, and the anaerobic fermentation tank is internally provided with an upper row of stirring shafts and a lower row of stirring shafts which are horizontally arranged and are vertical to each other;

a plurality of stirring rod groups which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the two rows of stirring shafts, each stirring rod group comprises a plurality of stirring rods which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of each stirring shaft, and crushing cutter groups are arranged on the stirring rods;

the dry anaerobic fermentation equipment also comprises a driving mechanism for driving the two rows of stirring shafts to rotate.

3. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in claim 2, wherein the two rows of stirring shafts are engaged and driven through a worm and gear mechanism.

4. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in claim 3, wherein the lower row of the stirring shafts is provided with a worm section which is engaged with the worm wheel on the upper row of the stirring shafts for transmission.

5. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in claim 4, wherein the feed inlet and the discharge outlet of the horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank are arranged at two ends of the stirring shaft in the upper row.

6. The dry anaerobic straw fermentation process as claimed in claim 5, wherein the stirring rods on the two rows of stirring shafts extend to the inner bottom surface of the anaerobic fermentation tank.

7. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in claim 6, wherein an intermediate stirring rod group is further arranged between two adjacent stirring rod groups on the upper row of stirring shafts;

the middle stirring rod group comprises a plurality of stirring rods which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of the stirring shaft and are provided with crushing cutter groups, and the length of the stirring rod positioned on the middle stirring rod group is smaller than that of the stirring rod positioned on the stirring rod group.

8. The dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a driving gear installed on an output shaft of the driving motor, each stirring shaft in the lower row is in mesh transmission with a driven gear, and the driving gear is in mesh transmission with one of the driven gears.

9. The dry anaerobic straw fermentation process as claimed in any one of claims 2 to 7, wherein the crushing knife assembly comprises a plurality of crushing spines or crushing knives disposed uniformly on the stirring rod.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of anaerobic fermentation, and particularly relates to a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws.

Background

At present, the annual organic matter production in the country is about 100 million tons or more. The data show that the discharge amount of the excrement only in livestock and poultry breeding industry is more than 38 hundred million tons, the chemical oxygen demand discharged by the livestock and poultry breeding industry reaches 1268.26 ten thousand tons, and the discharge amount accounts for 96 percent of the total agricultural source discharge amount; the total nitrogen and phosphorus emissions were 102.48 and 16.04 million tons, accounting for 38 and 56% of the total agricultural source emissions, respectively. Organic matter becomes a major source of pollution. Organic matters are resources, and how to utilize the resources efficiently becomes a problem recognized at present.

The method is characterized in that organic matters such as straws and the like are directly burnt at present, but the burning causes great environmental pollution, and related technologies for straw treatment by adopting biological treatment means such as anaerobic fermentation and the like also exist, but in the existing treatment method, the moisture content of fed straws is too high, so that the anaerobic fermentation effect is influenced.

Disclosure of Invention

The present application is directed to solving at least one of the problems in the prior art. Therefore, the invention aims to provide a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws. The method organically combines anaerobic fermentation and incineration treatment, deeply dries the straws by utilizing the produced biogas, and realizes resource utilization to the maximum extent.

In order to solve the technical problem, the following technical scheme is adopted in the application:

a dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straws comprises the following steps:

step 1, conveying straws to a drying box through a conveying belt for drying;

step 2, conveying the dried straws to dry anaerobic fermentation equipment through a conveying belt for anaerobic fermentation treatment, discharging generated biogas residues by a discharging dragon, and collecting and storing the generated biogas through a gas collecting hood;

and 3, conveying the collected biogas to a biogas combustor for combustion through a hot gas draught fan, and conveying hot gas generated by combustion to a drying box for drying the straws.

Further, the dry anaerobic fermentation equipment comprises an anaerobic fermentation tank, wherein an upper row and a lower row of stirring shafts which are horizontally arranged and are vertical to each other are arranged in the anaerobic fermentation tank;

a plurality of stirring rod groups which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the two rows of stirring shafts, each stirring rod group comprises a plurality of stirring rods which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of each stirring shaft, and crushing cutter groups are arranged on the stirring rods;

the dry anaerobic fermentation equipment also comprises a driving mechanism for driving the two rows of stirring shafts to rotate.

This dry-type anaerobic fermentation equipment set breakage, stirring and fermentation in an organic whole, entire system structure is very compact, and upper and lower two rows of (mixing) shaft rotation direction are perpendicular, and the abundant even thing "dead angle" of straw stirring can avoid the local acid accumulation of raw materials, increases the contact and the reaction of microorganism and raw materials, improves the gas yield, avoids the methane release scheduling problem that produces.

Furthermore, the two rows of stirring shafts are in meshing transmission through a worm and gear mechanism.

The two rows of stirring shafts are driven by a worm and gear mechanism, and the whole stirring structure is driven by one set of transmission system, so that the integration level of a fermentation system is improved, and the reduction of the occupied area and the energy consumption of equipment is facilitated.

Further, a worm wheel section which is in meshed transmission with the worm wheel on the stirring shaft in the upper row is arranged on the stirring shaft in the lower row.

The worm is arranged on the lower-row stirring shaft, so that the lower-row stirring shaft rotates at a higher speed, and the deposited materials at the bottom are quickly thrown upwards, so that the materials are ensured not to be deposited, and meanwhile, the overflow of the gas at the bottom is facilitated; the stirring shafts in the upper row rotate at a lower speed, so that the retention time of materials can be ensured, the full reaction is ensured, and the improvement of the gas production rate is facilitated.

Furthermore, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet of the horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank are arranged at two ends of the stirring shaft arranged on the upper row. The feeding hole and the discharging hole are ingeniously arranged at the two ends of the upper-row stirring shaft, so that the retention time of materials in the tank body is increased, and the full reaction is ensured.

Furthermore, the stirring rods on the two rows of stirring shafts extend to the inner bottom surface of the anaerobic fermentation tank. The stirring rods on the two stirring shafts extend to the inner bottom surface of the anaerobic fermentation tank, so that the material deposition can be prevented from reducing the effective volume of the anaerobic fermentation and the sand setting phenomenon, and the smooth proceeding of the anaerobic fermentation is ensured. Simultaneously, the lower part of the anaerobic fermentation tank is stirred more severely, which is beneficial to the discharge of gas generated at the bottom of the anaerobic fermentation tank and the proceeding of chemical reaction.

Furthermore, a middle stirring rod group is arranged between two adjacent stirring rod groups on the stirring shaft in the upper row;

the middle stirring rod group comprises a plurality of stirring rods which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of the stirring shaft and are provided with crushing cutter groups, and the length of the stirring rod positioned on the middle stirring rod group is smaller than that of the stirring rod positioned on the stirring rod group.

According to the technical scheme, the dry-type anaerobic fermentation treatment method for the straws comprises the following steps that the driving mechanism comprises a driving motor and a driving gear arranged on an output shaft of the driving motor, the stirring shafts in the lower row are in meshing transmission through driven gears, and the driving gear is in meshing transmission with one of the driven gears.

Furthermore, the crushing cutter group consists of a plurality of crushing thorns or crushing cutters which are uniformly distributed on the stirring rod.

Compared with the prior art, the invention organically combines anaerobic fermentation and incineration treatment, deeply dries the straws by utilizing the produced biogas, and realizes resource utilization to the maximum extent.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a process diagram of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the construction of a dry anaerobic fermentation apparatus according to the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an anaerobic fermenter according to the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a front view of the arrangement of the stirring shafts in the anaerobic fermentation tank of the present invention;

FIG. 5 is a top view of the arrangement of the stirring shafts in the anaerobic fermentation tank of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a dry anaerobic fermentation treatment method for straw, which adopts dry anaerobic fermentation equipment to perform treatment, comprises the following steps:

step 1, conveying straws to a drying box through a conveying belt for drying;

step 2, conveying the dried straws to dry anaerobic fermentation equipment through a conveying belt for anaerobic fermentation treatment, discharging generated biogas residues by a discharging dragon, and collecting and storing the generated biogas through a gas collecting hood;

and 3, conveying the collected biogas to a biogas combustor for combustion through a hot gas draught fan, conveying hot gas generated by combustion to a drying box for drying the straws, and enabling the water content of the dried straws to be less than 30%, so that the requirement of straw anaerobic fermentation on the water content of the fed materials is met.

The embodiment utilizes the produced methane to deeply dry the straws, thereby realizing resource utilization to the maximum extent.

Referring to fig. 2 and fig. 3, the dry anaerobic fermentation equipment of the embodiment includes a horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank 1, the output end of a transmission belt 2 is in butt joint with the feed inlet of the horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank 1, the input end of a discharge auger 3 is in butt joint with the discharge outlet of the horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank 1, organic matter materials such as straws and the like are conveyed to the horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank 1 through the transmission belt 2 for anaerobic fermentation, the residue after reaction is discharged through the discharge auger 3, and the generated biogas enters an air collecting bag 4 for collection. The discharging flood dragon 3 can adopt a discharging flood dragon, and the conveying belt 2 can adopt a belt type feeding device.

Referring to fig. 3, 4 and 5, the anaerobic fermentation tank of the dry anaerobic fermentation device of the present embodiment is provided with two rows of stirring shafts which are horizontally arranged and are vertical to each other; for the sake of understanding, the lower row of mixing shafts will be designated as the first mixing shaft 5 and the upper row will be designated as the second mixing shaft 6.

A plurality of first stirring rod groups 7 are arranged on the first stirring shaft 5 at intervals along the axial direction of the first stirring shaft, each first stirring rod group 7 comprises a plurality of first stirring rods 701 distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of the first stirring shaft 5, and a first crushing cutter group 8 is arranged on each first stirring rod 701. A plurality of second stirring rod groups 9 which are arranged at intervals are arranged on the second stirring shaft 6, the second stirring rod groups 9 comprise a plurality of second stirring rods 901 which are distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of the second stirring shaft 6, second crushing cutter groups 10 are arranged on the second stirring rods 901, and the second stirring rod groups 9 on the first stirring shaft 5 and the second stirring shaft 6 are alternately distributed in the anaerobic fermentation tank along the extending direction of the second stirring shaft 6. Wherein, the crushing cutter group consists of a plurality of crushing thorns or crushing cutters which are uniformly distributed on the stirring rod.

The dry anaerobic fermentation equipment of the embodiment also comprises a driving mechanism for driving the two rows of stirring shafts to rotate. In practical design, it is necessary to ensure that the first stirring rod 701 and the second stirring rod 901 do not interfere with each other when rotating, and can rotate freely in the tank body through the stirring shafts corresponding to each other.

This embodiment dry-type anaerobic fermentation equipment set is broken, stirring and fermentation in an organic whole, and entire system structure is very compact, and first (mixing) shaft and second (mixing) shaft direction of rotation are perpendicular, and the abundant even thing "dead angle" of straw stirring can avoid the local acid accumulation of raw materials, increases the contact and the reaction of microorganism and raw materials, improves the gas yield, avoids the methane release scheduling problem that produces.

When this embodiment dry-type anaerobic fermentation equipment carries out anaerobic fermentation's processing to the straw, need not to carry out the preliminary stage preliminary treatment to the material, allow 2mm ~ 40 cm's raw materials to directly get into this system, can satisfy the direct feeding requirement of most collection straw, reduction by a wide margin to the energy consumption of straw mechanical crushing preliminary treatment.

The dry anaerobic fermentation equipment provided by the embodiment of the invention is suitable for single or mixed raw materials including but not limited to wheat straws, rice straws, corn straws, soybean straws, grass-wood straws, peanut straws and the like, and mixed raw materials of straws, dry feces, vegetable roots and the like.

Referring to fig. 2 and 3, in practical application, the stirring rods on the two stirring shafts extend to the inner bottom surface of the anaerobic fermentation tank, that is, the first stirring rod 701 and the second stirring rod 901 extend to the bottom of the tank.

This embodiment is through all extending to anaerobic fermentation tank's interior bottom surface department with two rows of epaxial puddlers of stirring, can prevent that material deposit from reducing anaerobic fermentation's effective volume and sand setting phenomenon, ensures going on smoothly of anaerobic fermentation, and the stirring of anaerobic fermentation tank lower part is more drastic simultaneously, is favorable to going on of gaseous discharge and chemical reaction of anaerobic fermentation tank bottom production.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, it can be understood that the two rows of stirring shafts are in mesh transmission through a worm gear mechanism. The first (mixing) shaft of this embodiment and the second (mixing) shaft between transmit through turbine worm mechanism, whole stirring structure is through one set of transmission system drive, has improved fermentation system's integrated level, is favorable to reducing equipment area and energy consumption.

Particularly, when a worm rod in a worm gear mechanism is positioned on a first stirring shaft 5, a feed inlet and a discharge outlet of a horizontal anaerobic fermentation tank 1 are arranged at two ends of a second stirring shaft 6, the stirring speeds of an upper layer and a lower layer in the anaerobic fermentation tank are different, the stirring speed of the lower layer is higher than that of the upper layer, and the first stirring shaft 5 rotates at a higher speed, so that deposited materials at the bottom are quickly thrown backwards, the materials are ensured not to be deposited, the overflow of gas at the bottom is facilitated, sludge containing a large number of microorganisms can roll to the upper layer, and the anaerobic reaction of the materials at the upper layer is ensured to be fully carried out; and the second (mixing) shaft then rotates with lower speed, can ensure the dwell time of material, guarantees the abundant of reaction and goes on, also can avoid simultaneously because of the residue is discharged fast, causes the problem that the interior reaction microorganism of jar reduces rapidly.

In addition, the material of bottom is the vortex state, is favorable to anaerobic microorganisms's reproduction to can guarantee that the internal sufficient microorganism quantity that has of jar, guarantee the going on fast of fermentation reaction.

Referring to fig. 5, it should be explained that the driving mechanism of the present embodiment includes a driving motor and a driving gear 12 mounted on an output shaft of the driving motor, each first stirring shaft 5 is in meshing transmission with one of the driven gears 13 through the driven gear 13, and the driving gear 12 is in meshing transmission with one of the driven gears 13. The embodiment can drive the two rows of stirring shafts to rotate simultaneously only through one set of driving mechanism, improves the integration level of the fermentation system, and is beneficial to reducing the occupied area and energy consumption of equipment.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, as a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a third stirring rod group 14, i.e. an intermediate stirring rod group, is further disposed between two adjacent second stirring rod groups 9 on the second stirring shaft 6, the third stirring rod group 14 includes a plurality of third stirring rods 1401 distributed along the circumferential direction of the cross section of the second stirring shaft 6 and having third crushing blade groups 15, and the length of the third stirring rods 1401 is smaller than the length of the second stirring rods 901.

Referring to fig. 2, as another preferred scheme of the present invention, the conveyor belt 2 transversely penetrates through the drying oven 21, the biogas burner 16 is communicated with a biogas outlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank, a hot gas outlet of the biogas burner 16 is communicated with the drying oven 21, and the conveyor belt 2 is in butt joint with a feed inlet of the anaerobic fermentation tank. The generated biogas is directly used for drying and preheating the materials, so that the anaerobic fermentation starts immediately after the materials enter the anaerobic reaction tank, the anaerobic fermentation tank has important significance for increasing the fermentation efficiency in the anaerobic fermentation process, and meanwhile, the energy consumption can be saved.

Referring to fig. 2, specifically, the gas collecting bag 4 is connected to a biogas burner 16 through a biogas exhaust pipe 18 with a biogas draft fan 17, and a hot gas draft fan 19 is arranged on a pipeline connecting the biogas burner 16 and the drying box 21.

Referring to fig. 2 to 5, the dry anaerobic fermentation apparatus operates as follows:

the primarily dried water-containing straws enter the drying box 21 through the conveying belt 2, the straws dried at high temperature are subjected to anaerobic fermentation in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank, residues are discharged by a discharge auger, biogas generated in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank enters the gas collecting bag 4 to be collected, the collected biogas is discharged into the biogas combustor 16 through the biogas draft fan 17 and the gas collecting bag 4 through the biogas exhaust pipe 18 to be combusted, and the generated hot gas is conveyed into the drying box 21 through the hot gas draft fan 19 and the hot gas exhaust pipe 20 to be used for drying the straws.

Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the operation of the stirring device in the dry anaerobic fermentation tank is as follows: the driving motor rotates, drives driving gear 12 and rotates, and driving gear 12 rotates and drives driven gear 13 and rotate, and driven gear 13 arranges for the multirow, can set for the row number of arranging according to the demand of production volume, and this case uses the row as an example, and first (mixing) shaft 5 is driven by driven gear 13. Each first stirring shaft 5 is rotated through a transmission gear arranged on each first stirring shaft 5, a worm section is driven by a driven gear 13 at the end part of the worm section, a turbine 11 is driven by the worm section to rotate, the second stirring shaft 6 rotates to drive a second stirring rod 901 and a third stirring rod 1401 on the second stirring shaft to rotate around the second stirring shaft 6, and the driven gear 13 drives a plurality of first stirring shafts 5 to rotate simultaneously, so that the first stirring rods 701 on the first stirring shafts are driven to rotate around the axes of the first stirring shafts. The first crushing cutter group 8, the second crushing cutter group 10 and the third crushing cutter group crush the straws through gaps among the first crushing cutter group, the second crushing cutter group and the third crushing cutter group and shearing force in the stirring process of the first crushing cutter group and the second crushing cutter group.

The embodiment effectively solves the problems of incomplete material crushing and unsmooth exhaust in the dry anaerobic fermentation process of the straws, simultaneously solves the problems of poor mixing and low gas yield of the straws in the anaerobic fermentation process, and is beneficial to long-term stable operation of equipment.

The above examples are merely illustrative for clearly illustrating the present invention and are not intended to limit the embodiments. Other variations and modifications will be apparent to persons skilled in the art in light of the above description. Nor is it intended to be exhaustive of all embodiments. And obvious variations or modifications of the invention may be made without departing from the scope of the invention.