阅读说明：本技术 一种液压挖掘机圆坑作业的智能控制系统及方法 (Intelligent control system and method for pit operation of hydraulic excavator ) 是由 潘羽飞 王继新 苏丽达 乔永禄 于 2021-08-11 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了一种液压挖掘机圆坑作业的智能控制系统及方法,所述的智能控制系统由交互决策模块、轨迹规划模块以及电液控制执行模块组成；所述的交互决策模块,用于完成参数导入、数值计算、图像处理、数据采集等工作；所述的轨迹规划模块,根据不同阶段的作业工况,组合相应的挖掘参考图像、挖掘轨迹以及运动学方程,完成挖掘机工作装置的运动规划；所述的电液控制执行模块,基于交互决策模块和轨迹规划模块输出的控制信号,复合控制液压执行元件完成决策任务。该系统具有普适性,可安装在任意机型,有效提高圆坑作业的效率及质量,并降低施工成本。(The invention provides an intelligent control system and method for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator, wherein the intelligent control system consists of an interactive decision module, a track planning module and an electro-hydraulic control execution module; the interactive decision module is used for completing the work of parameter import, numerical calculation, image processing, data acquisition and the like; the track planning module combines corresponding excavation reference images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations according to the working conditions of different stages to complete the motion planning of the excavator working device; the electro-hydraulic control execution module compositely controls the hydraulic execution element to complete a decision task based on control signals output by the interactive decision module and the trajectory planning module. The system has universality, can be installed in any machine type, effectively improves the efficiency and the quality of circular pit operation, and reduces the construction cost.)

1. The utility model provides an intelligent control system of hydraulic shovel round hole operation which characterized in that: the system comprises an interactive decision-making module, a track planning module and an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

the interactive decision module comprises an interactive interface, a numerical calculation sub-module, an image processing sub-module, a pose adjusting sub-module, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor and a laser radar;

the interactive interface is used for importing parameters, visualizing a two-dimensional graph of a circular pit boundary and displaying an excavation operation image obtained by the image processing submodule, and the imported parameters comprise: the longitudinal distance L from the center of the slewing mechanism of the excavator to the center of the round pit, the radius R of the round pit and the excavating depth H of the round pit; the numerical value calculation submodule is used for generating three-dimensional coordinates of the round pit relative to an excavator base coordinate system and calculating variable parameters of an excavation track; the image processing submodule is used for processing the two-dimensional map of the surface boundary of the round pit to obtain a quick soil cleaning operation image P1 and an edge cutting operation image P2; the position and pose adjusting submodule is used for comparing position and pose data of the excavator working device acquired by the sensor in real time with the coordinates of the excavation starting point generated in the working image to generate a position and pose adjusting signal; the displacement sensor is used for measuring the real-time lengths of the movable arm oil cylinder, the bucket rod oil cylinder and the bucket oil cylinder; the angle sensor is used for measuring the rotation angle of the slewing mechanism; the laser radar is used for scanning materials stacked in the round pit and obtaining a contour node coordinate matrix of the material stack;

the track planning module comprises a mining track library and a matching submodule; the excavation track library is internally provided with excavation tracks suitable for different working conditions; the matching submodule is used for combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations according to the operation conditions of different stages;

the electro-hydraulic control execution module compositely controls the hydraulic execution element to complete a decision task based on control signals output by the interactive decision module and the trajectory planning module.

2. The intelligent control system for round pit work of a hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the specific processing steps executed by the image processing submodule are as follows:

dividing a target circle of the circular pit in the two-dimensional map of the surface boundary of the circular pit, wherein the midpoint of a dividing line is far from the center of the target circleThe dividing line divides the circle into two parts, and the part occupying large circle area deviates from the excavator and is called as a far end area and is marked as S₁The part occupying the small circle area is close to the excavator, called the near end area and marked as S₂；

Wherein the quick soil cleaning operation image P1 is divided into S according to the width of the bucket₁Region division intoA number of single excavation areas, with a boundary intersection point of a₁,a₂...a_nAnd an intersection with the dividing line is k₁,k₂...k_n(ii) a The trimming job image P2 divides the circle at an angle of 11.25 DEG, and intersects S₁Zone boundary b₁,b₂...b₂₅Cross over S₂Zone boundary b₁',b₂'...b₇'; the intersection point of the target circle boundary in the quick soil cleaning work image P1 and the trimming work image P2 is the excavation starting point position of the corresponding bucket tooth tip of the excavator in each work.

3. The intelligent control system for round pit work of a hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the steps executed by the numerical calculation submodule are as follows:

1) the three-dimensional coordinates are:

round pit ground boundary coordinates: (L + Rsin α, -Rcos α, -d)

Round pit bottom boundary coordinates: (L + Rsin α, -Rcos α, - (d + H))

L is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the center of the round pit, R is the radius of the round pit, d is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the road surface, H is the excavating depth of the round pit, and alpha is the included angle of the circle center in the anticlockwise direction.

2) Calculating variable parameters of the mining track, which mainly comprises the following steps: the excavation length and the excavation depth of the rapid soil cleaning operation track and the excavation length of the removal track of the materials piled in the pit are calculated as follows:

excavation length l of rapid soil cleaning operation track:

and (3) excavating depth h of the rapid soil cleaning operation track:

wherein l_iIs as followsThe excavation length of the excavation region, and (x, y, z) are a_i+1、k_i+1Coordinate of (a), h_iIs as followsThe excavation depth of the excavation area, V is the volume of the full bucket of excavation material, and B is the bucket width; if it is firstDigging target depth of the digging area, namely difference between digging depth H of round pit and accumulated digging depth is less than H_iAt the moment, the excavation depth is the difference depth;

excavation length l of accumulated material clearing track in pit:

wherein the matrix Q is a material pile profile node Q obtained by stacking materials in a laser radar scanning pit_ijCoordinate matrix relative to the rotation mechanism center base coordinate system, S_mIn order to longitudinally excavate the sectional area of the material,in order to dig the number of rows of the matrix Q where the starting point is located,and D, determining the number of lines of a matrix Q where the excavation termination point is located, wherein delta is the number of columns of the corresponding matrix Q in the bucket width range, B is the bucket width, and V is the material volume during full bucket excavation.

4. The intelligent control system for round pit work of a hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, wherein: the matching submodule combines corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations to carry out matching according to the operation conditions of different stages, and comprises the following specific steps:

and (3) fast soil clearing operation:

middle and left digging area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₁；

Right side excavation area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₃；

Trimming:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₁；

Center plane of symmetry area: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₂；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₁Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₂Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₃；

Removing materials in the pit: track 3+ transformation matrix T₂。

In the digging track, the track 1 is a fast soil cleaning operation track, the track 2 is a trimming operation track, the track 3 is a pit accumulated material cleaning track, and the track 4 is S₁Trimming trace of area bottom edge, trace 5 is S₂And trimming tracks at the bottom edges of the areas.

The kinematic equation comprises a transformation matrix T of the leftmost bucket tooth point, the longitudinal symmetry center plane bucket tooth point and the rightmost bucket tooth point relative to a center base coordinate system of the slewing mechanism₁、T₂And T₃，

Wherein, c_ijkRepresents cos (. theta.) of_i+θ_j+θ_k)，s_ijkDenotes sin (θ)_i+θ_j+θ_k)，a₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, d₀The vertical distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, a₁The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body to the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod, a₂The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod to the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket, a₃The distance from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the bucket tooth tip in the longitudinal symmetry center plane, d₃Is the transverse distance theta from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the tooth point₀Is the rotation angle of the slewing gear, theta₁The included angle theta between the connecting line of the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body and the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod and the horizontal plane₂Angle of rotation of the arm relative to the boom, θ₃The angle of rotation of the bucket relative to the stick.

5. A control method of an intelligent control system for a pit operation of a hydraulic excavator according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:

s1, stopping the excavator to a proper position away from the operation target, enabling the center of the swing mechanism of the excavator and the center of the round pit to be on the same plane, and adjusting the posture of the working device of the excavator to be in a pre-excavation state;

s2, inputting the distance L from the center of the excavator swing mechanism to the center of the round pit, the radius R of the round pit and the excavating depth H of the round pit through an interactive interface,

s3, processing the visual two-dimensional graph to obtain an excavation operation image, wherein the excavation operation image comprises a quick soil cleaning operation image P1 and an edge cutting operation image P2;

s4, generating a three-dimensional coordinate of the round pit relative to a center base coordinate system of the excavator swing mechanism by the numerical calculation module and visualizing the three-dimensional coordinate on an interactive interface;

s5, combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations by a matching module, calculating variable parameters of the excavation tracks by a numerical value calculation module, comparing real-time pose data of the excavator working device with excavation point coordinates generated by the operation images by a pose adjustment module, and finally transmitting pose adjustment signals of the excavator working device and bucket tooth tip track signals to an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

s6, the electro-hydraulic control execution module drives the swing mechanism, the movable arm, the bucket rod and the bucket to complete action instructions according to the received control signals;

and S7, repeating the steps S5 and S6, and completing the excavation task according to the round pit operation sequence.

6. The method of controlling an intelligent control system for hydraulic excavator round pit work according to claim 5, wherein in step S3, the target circle of the round pit is divided on the round pit land surface boundary two-dimensional map,the midpoint of the dividing line is far from the center of the target circleThe dividing line divides the circle into two parts, and the part occupying large circle area deviates from the excavator and is called as a far end area and is marked as S₁The part occupying the small circle area is close to the excavator, called the near end area and marked as S₂；

Wherein the quick soil cleaning operation image P1 is divided into S according to the width of the bucket₁Region division intoA number of single excavation areas, with a boundary intersection point of a₁,a₂...a_nAnd an intersection with the dividing line is k₁,k₂...k_n(ii) a The trimming job image P2 divides the circle at an angle of 11.25 DEG, and intersects S₁Zone boundary b₁,b₂...b₂₅Cross over S₂Zone boundary b₁',b₂'...b₇'; the intersection point of the target circle boundary in the quick soil cleaning work image P1 and the trimming work image P2 is the excavation starting point position of the corresponding bucket tooth tip of the excavator in each work.

7. The method of controlling an intelligent control system for hydraulic excavator round pit work of claim 6, wherein the three-dimensional coordinates generated by the numerical calculation module in the step of S4 are expressed as:

round pit ground boundary coordinates: (L + Rsin α, -Rcos α, -d)

Round pit bottom boundary coordinates: (L + Rsin α, -Rcos α, - (d + H))

L is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the center of the round pit, R is the radius of the round pit, d is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the road surface, H is the excavating depth of the round pit, and alpha is the included angle of the circle center in the anticlockwise direction.

8. The method of controlling an intelligent control system for a hydraulic excavator round pit work according to claim 7, wherein the numerical calculation module in the step S5 calculates the excavation trajectory variable parameter as follows:

fast soil clearing operation track:

excavation length l:

digging depth h:

wherein l_iIs as followsThe excavation length of the excavation region, and (x, y, z) are a_i+1、k_i+1Coordinate of (a), h_iIs as followsThe excavation depth of the excavation area, V is the volume of the full bucket of excavation material, and B is the bucket width. If it is firstThe difference value between the excavation target depth H of the excavation region and the accumulated excavation depth is less than H_iAnd the excavation depth is the difference depth.

Clearing track of accumulated materials in pit:

excavation length l:

wherein the matrix Q is a material pile profile node Q obtained by stacking materials in a laser radar scanning pit_ijCoordinate matrix relative to the rotation mechanism center base coordinate system, S_mIn order to longitudinally excavate the sectional area of the material,for digging starting pointThe number of rows in the matrix Q,and D, determining the number of lines of a matrix Q where the excavation termination point is located, wherein delta is the number of columns of the corresponding matrix Q in the bucket width range, B is the bucket width, and V is the material volume during full bucket excavation.

Trimming operation trajectory S₁Trimming trace of area bottom and S₂And finishing the variable parameter assignment according to the input parameters and the intersection point coordinates of the operation images by the trimming track at the bottom edge of the area, wherein the side shift distance e of the trimming operation track is set to be 1/3R.

9. The control method of an intelligent control system of a hydraulic excavator round pit work according to claim 8, wherein the combination pattern of the excavation work image, the excavation trajectory and the kinematic equation in the step S5 is as follows:

and (3) fast soil clearing operation:

middle and left digging area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₁；

Right side excavation area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₃；

Trimming:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₁；

Center plane of symmetry area: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₂；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₁Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₂Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

left of the center plane of symmetrySide area: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₃；

Removing materials in the pit: track 3+ transformation matrix T₂。

In the digging track, the track 1 is a fast soil cleaning operation track, the track 2 is a trimming operation track, the track 3 is a pit accumulated material cleaning track, and the track 4 is S₁Trimming trace of area bottom edge, trace 5 is S₂Trimming a track at the bottom edge of the area;

the transformation matrix T₁、T₂、T₃As follows:

wherein, c_ijkRepresents cos (. theta.) of_i+θ_j+θ_k)，s_ijkDenotes sin (θ)_i+θ_j+θ_k)，a₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, d₀The vertical distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, a₁The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body to the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod, a₂The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod to the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket, a₃The distance from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the bucket tooth tip in the longitudinal symmetry center plane, d₃Is the transverse distance theta from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the tooth point₀Is the rotation angle of the slewing gear, theta₁For moving arm to and from body hinge pointAngle theta between the line connecting the hinged point of the arm and the bucket rod and the horizontal plane₂Angle of rotation of the arm relative to the boom, θ₃The angle of rotation of the bucket relative to the stick.

10. The method of controlling an intelligent control system for round pit work of a hydraulic excavator according to claim 9, wherein in the step S7, the round pit work order is S₁Regional quick soil clearing operation → S₁Area trimming → S₁Trimming of bottom edge of region → S₂Area trimming → S₂Trimming the bottom edge of the area → removing the accumulated material in the pit.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a control decision technology of excavator operation, in particular to an intelligent control system and method for hydraulic excavator round pit operation.

Background

The hydraulic excavator is one of the most important engineering machinery in the engineering construction field, and the related operation working condition types are extremely wide. Although the research of the prior unmanned excavator technology is very hot and has certain achievements applied to the practice, the operation of the excavator mainly depends on manpower in the whole view. The quality and efficiency of operation and construction completely depend on the proficiency of operators, and certain specific operation environments have potential dangers, which can cause terrible consequences of car damage and people death. Therefore, aiming at special operation of the excavator, in order to improve the operation efficiency and the operation quality, the invention of a control strategy for the operation of the hydraulic excavator is particularly urgent.

The operation of a hydraulic excavator for round pit operation is also common in engineering construction, and the special operation requires abundant experience of an operator. How to rapidly excavate and improve operating efficiency, pit inner wall circularization, round pit bottom planarization, this all needs the action of coordinated control slewing motor, swing arm hydro-cylinder, dipper hydro-cylinder and scraper bowl hydro-cylinder that operating personnel can be skilled, and the cultivation of an operating personnel who has rich experience again needs a large amount of time, manpower, material resources cost, therefore round pit operation intellectuality is very necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the defects in the prior art, the invention provides an intelligent control system and method for the round pit operation of a hydraulic excavator.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an intelligent control system for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator comprises: the system comprises an interactive decision module, a track planning module and an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

the interactive decision module comprises an interactive interface, a numerical calculation sub-module, an image processing sub-module, a pose adjusting sub-module, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor and a laser radar;

the interactive interface is used for parameter import, visualization of the two-dimensional graph of the boundary of the round pit and display of the excavation operation image obtained by the image processing submodule; the imported parameters include: the longitudinal distance L from the center of the slewing mechanism of the excavator to the center of the round pit, the radius R of the round pit and the excavating depth H of the round pit;

the numerical value calculation submodule is used for generating three-dimensional coordinates of the round pit relative to an excavator base coordinate system and calculating variable parameters of an excavation track; the steps executed are as follows:

1) the three-dimensional coordinates are:

round pit ground boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, -d)

Round pit bottom boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, - (d + H))

L is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the center of the round pit, R is the radius of the round pit, d is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the road surface, H is the excavating depth of the round pit, and alpha is the included angle of the circle center in the anticlockwise direction.

2) And calculating variable parameters of the excavation track, wherein the variable parameters mainly comprise the excavation length and the excavation depth of the excavation track 1 and the excavation length of the excavation track 3. The specific calculation is as follows:

excavation length l of rapid soil cleaning operation track:

and (3) excavating depth h of the rapid soil cleaning operation track:

wherein l_iIs as followsThe excavation length of the excavation region, and (x, y, z) are a_i+1、k_i+1Coordinate of (a), h_iIs as followsThe excavation depth of the excavation area, V is the volume of the full bucket of excavation material, and B is the bucket width. If it is firstDigging target depth of the digging area, namely difference between digging depth H of round pit and accumulated digging depth is less than H_iAnd the excavation depth is the difference depth.

Digging a track 3:

excavation length l:

wherein the matrix Q is a material pile profile node Q obtained by stacking materials in a laser radar scanning pit_ijCoordinate matrix relative to the rotation mechanism center base coordinate system, S_mIn order to longitudinally excavate the sectional area of the material,in order to dig the number of rows of the matrix Q where the starting point is located,and D, determining the number of lines of a matrix Q where the excavation termination point is located, wherein delta is the number of columns of the corresponding matrix Q in the bucket width range, B is the bucket width, and V is the material volume during full bucket excavation.

The image processing submodule is used for processing the two-dimensional map of the boundary of the round pit ground surface to obtain a quick soil cleaning operation image (an image P1) and a trimming operation image (an image P2); the specific treatment steps are as follows:

images P1 and P2 require that the target circle of the pit in the two-dimensional map of the boundary of the surface of the pit be divided, and the midpoint of the dividing line is far from the center of the pitThe dividing line divides the circle into two parts, and the part occupying large circle area deviates from the excavator and is called as a far end area and is marked as S₁The part occupying the small circle area is close to the excavator, called the near end area and marked as S₂. Wherein image P1 will be S according to bucket width₁Region division intoA number of single excavation areas, with a boundary intersection point of a₁,a₂...a_nAnd an intersection with the dividing line is k₁,k₂...k_n(ii) a Image P2 bisects a circle at an equiangular angle of 11.25 deg., and intersects S₁Zone boundary b₁,b₂...b₂₅Cross over S₂Zone boundary b₁',b₂'...b₇'. The intersection points with the target circle boundaries in the images P1 and P2 are the excavation start point positions of the corresponding bucket tooth tips for each operation of the excavator.

The position and pose adjusting submodule is used for comparing position and pose data of the excavator working device acquired by the sensor in real time with the coordinates of the excavation starting point generated in the working image to generate a position and pose adjusting signal;

the displacement sensor is used for measuring the real-time lengths of the movable arm oil cylinder, the bucket rod oil cylinder and the bucket oil cylinder;

the angle sensor is used for measuring the rotation angle of the slewing mechanism;

the laser radar is used for scanning materials stacked in the round pit and obtaining a contour node coordinate matrix of the material stack;

the track planning module comprises a mining track library and a matching submodule;

the excavation track library is internally provided with excavation tracks suitable for different working conditions; the matching submodule is used for combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations according to the operation conditions of different stages;

the matching submodule combines corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations to carry out matching according to the operation conditions of different stages, and comprises the following specific steps:

and (3) fast soil clearing operation:

middle and left digging area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₁；

Right side excavation area: quick soil cleaning operation image P1+ track 1+ conversion matrix T₃；

Trimming:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₁；

Center plane of symmetry area: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₂；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 2+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₁Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 4+ conversion matrix T₃；

S₂Bottom edge trimming operation of the regions:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: trimming job image P2+ track 5+ conversion matrix T₃；

Removing materials in the pit: track 3+ transformation matrix T₂。

In the digging track, the track 1 is a fast soil cleaning operation track, the track 2 is a trimming operation track, the track 3 is a pit accumulated material cleaning track, and the track 4 is S₁Trimming trace of area bottom edge, trace 5 is S₂And trimming tracks at the bottom edges of the areas.

The kinematic equation comprises a transformation matrix T of the leftmost bucket tooth point, the longitudinal symmetry center plane bucket tooth point and the rightmost bucket tooth point relative to a center base coordinate system of the slewing mechanism₁、T₂And T₃，

Wherein, c_ijkRepresents cos (. theta.) of_i+θ_j+θ_k)，s_ijkDenotes sin (θ)_i+θ_j+θ_k)，a₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, d₀The vertical distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, a₁The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body to the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod, a₂The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod to the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket, a₃The distance from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the bucket tooth tip in the longitudinal symmetry center plane, d₃Is the transverse distance theta from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the tooth point₀Is the rotation angle of the slewing gear, theta₁The included angle theta between the connecting line of the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body and the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod and the horizontal plane₂Angle of rotation of the arm relative to the boom, θ₃The angle of rotation of the bucket relative to the stick.

The electro-hydraulic control execution module compositely controls the hydraulic execution element to complete a decision task based on control signals output by the interactive decision module and the trajectory planning module.

An intelligent control method for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator comprises the following steps:

s1, stopping the excavator to a proper position away from the operation target, enabling the center of the swing mechanism of the excavator and the center of the round pit to be on the same plane, and adjusting the posture of the working device of the excavator to be in a pre-excavation state;

s2, inputting the distance L from the center of the slewing mechanism of the excavator to the center of the round pit, the radius R of the round pit and the excavating depth H of the round pit by an interactive interface;

s3, processing the visualized two-dimensional graph to obtain an excavation work image, wherein the excavation work image comprises a quick soil cleaning work image (image P1) and a trimming work image (image P2);

s4, generating a three-dimensional coordinate of the round pit relative to a center base coordinate system of the excavator swing mechanism by the numerical calculation module and visualizing the three-dimensional coordinate on an interactive interface;

s5, combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations by a matching module, calculating variable parameters of the excavation tracks by a numerical value calculation module, comparing real-time pose data of the excavator working device with excavation point coordinates generated by the operation images by a pose adjustment module, and finally transmitting pose adjustment signals of the excavator working device and bucket tooth tip track signals to an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

s6, the electro-hydraulic control execution module drives the swing mechanism, the movable arm, the bucket rod and the bucket to complete action instructions according to the received control signals;

and S7, repeating the steps S5 and S6, and completing the excavation task according to the round pit operation sequence.

Further, the S3 images P1 and P2 require the target circle to be segmented with the midpoint of the segmentation line being away from the center of the circular pitThe dividing line divides the circle into two parts, and the part occupying large circle area deviates from the excavator and is called as a far end area and is marked as S₁The part occupying the small circle area is close to the excavator, called the near end area and marked as S₂. Where P1 is the graph dividing S according to bucket width₁Region division intoA number of single excavation areas, with a boundary intersection point of a₁,a₂...a_nAnd an intersection with the dividing line is k₁,k₂...k_n(ii) a P2 figure bisects a circle at an equal angular degree of 11.25 deg., and intersects S₁Zone boundary b₁,b₂...b₂₅Cross over S₂Zone boundary b₁',b₂'...b₇'. The intersection points with the target circle boundaries in the images P1 and P2 are the excavation start point positions of the corresponding bucket tooth tips for each operation of the excavator.

Further, the three-dimensional coordinates generated by the S4 numerical calculation module can be expressed as:

round pit ground boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, -d)

Round pit bottom boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, - (d + H))

L is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the center of the round pit, R is the radius of the round pit, d is the distance from the center of the excavator rotating mechanism to the road surface, H is the excavating depth of the round pit, and alpha is the included angle of the circle center in the anticlockwise direction.

Further, the S4 numerical calculation module calculates the parameters of the mining trajectory variables as follows:

digging a track 1:

excavation length l:

digging depth h:

wherein l_iIs as followsThe excavation length of the excavation region, and (x, y, z) are a_i+1、k_i+1Coordinate of (a), h_iIs as followsThe excavation depth of the excavation area, V is the volume of the full bucket of excavation material, and B is the bucket width. If it is firstThe difference value between the excavation target depth H of the excavation region and the accumulated excavation depth is less than H_iAnd the excavation depth is the difference depth.

Digging a track 3:

excavation length l:

wherein the matrix Q is a lidar sweepA node coordinate matrix of the material stack contour obtained by tracing the materials stacked in the pit relative to a central base coordinate system of the slewing mechanism, S_mIn order to longitudinally excavate the sectional area of the material,in order to dig the number of rows of the matrix Q where the starting point is located,and D, setting the number of lines of a matrix Q where the excavation termination point is located, setting delta to be the number of columns of the corresponding matrix Q in the bucket width range, and setting V to be the material volume during full bucket excavation.

And the other excavation tracks 2, 4 and 5 can complete the assignment of variable parameters according to the input parameters and the intersection point coordinates of the operation images, wherein the side shift distance e of the track 2 is set to be 1/3R.

Further, the combination of the mining job image, the mining track and the kinematic equation of S5 is as follows:

and (3) fast soil clearing operation:

middle and left digging area: image P1+ mining trajectory 1+ transformation matrix T₁；

Right side excavation area: image P1+ track 1+ transformation matrix T₃；

Trimming:

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: image P2+ mining trajectory 2+ transformation matrix T₁；

Center plane of symmetry area: image P2+ mining trajectory 2+ transformation matrix T₂；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: image P2+ mining trajectory 2+ transformation matrix T₃；

Bottom edge finishing work (S)₁Region):

area to the left of the center plane of symmetry: image P2+ mining trajectory 4+ transformation matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: image P2+ mining trajectory 4+ transformation matrix T₃；

Bottom edge finishing work (S)₂Region):

left side of the center plane of symmetryArea: image P2+ mining trajectory 5+ transformation matrix T₁；

Region to the right of the center plane of symmetry: image P2+ mining trajectory 5+ transformation matrix T₃；

Removing materials in the pit: digging track 3+ conversion matrix T₂。

The excavating track 1 is a rapid soil cleaning operation track, the excavating track 2 is a trimming operation track, the excavating track 3 is a pit accumulated material clearing track, and the excavating track 4 is S₁The trimming track of the bottom edge of the region, the digging track 5 is S₂And trimming tracks at the bottom edges of the areas.

Further, the transformation matrix T₁、T₂、T₃As follows:

wherein, c_ijkRepresents cos (. theta.) of_i+θ_j+θ_k)，s_ijkDenotes sin (θ)_i+θ_j+θ_k)，a₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, d₀The vertical distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, a₁The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body to the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod, a₂The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod to the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket, a₃The distance from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the bucket tooth tip in the longitudinal symmetry center plane, d₃Is the transverse distance theta from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the tooth point₀Is the rotation angle of the slewing gear, theta₁The connecting line of the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body and the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod isAngle of horizontal plane, theta₂Angle of rotation of the arm relative to the boom, θ₃The angle of rotation of the bucket relative to the stick.

Further, the sequence of the S7 round pit operation is S₁Regional quick soil clearing operation → S₁Area trimming → S₁Trimming of bottom edge of region → S₂Area trimming → S₂Trimming the bottom edge of the area → removing the accumulated material in the pit.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

the invention provides an intelligent control system and method for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator, wherein the system has universality and can be installed in any machine type, and only the geometric parameters of the machine type need to be input into an interactive interface to serve as fixed parameters during installation. According to different operation stages, corresponding excavation operation images, specific excavation tracks and kinematic models are combined, the standardized operation ensures the high efficiency and high quality of construction, the process of autonomous track planning of the excavator is omitted due to the use of the specific excavation tracks, the complexity of the technology is reduced while the operation quality is ensured, the cost of the system is lower compared with that of a complex system on the market, and the system has better popularization.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a control system provided by the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a D-H coordinate system model of the working device of the excavator

FIG. 3 is a model of a D-H coordinate system of the bucket;

FIG. 4 is an image of a fast earth clearing operation;

FIG. 5 is a trim job image;

FIG. 6 is a digging trajectory 1;

FIG. 7 is a digging trajectory 2;

FIG. 8 is a digging trajectory 3;

FIG. 9 is a digging trajectory 4;

fig. 10 shows the excavation trajectory 5.

Detailed Description

The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the figures and the specific embodiments.

As shown in fig. 1, an intelligent control system for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator comprises an interactive decision module, a trajectory planning module and an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

the interactive decision module comprises an interactive interface, a numerical calculation sub-module, an image processing sub-module, a pose adjusting sub-module, a displacement sensor, an angle sensor and a laser radar;

the interactive interface is used for parameter import, visualization of the two-dimensional graph of the boundary of the round pit and display of the excavation operation image obtained by the image processing submodule;

the numerical value calculation submodule is used for generating three-dimensional coordinates of the round pit relative to a base coordinate system of the slewing mechanism of the excavator, calculating a posture error of the pose adjustment submodule and variable parameters of an excavation track;

the image processing submodule is used for processing the two-dimensional graph of the boundary of the round pit to obtain a quick soil cleaning operation image (an image P1) and a trimming operation image (an image P2);

the position and pose adjusting submodule is used for comparing position and pose data of the excavator working device acquired by the sensor in real time with the coordinates of an excavation starting point generated in the working image, calculating a position and pose error through the numerical calculation module and generating a position and pose adjusting control signal;

the displacement sensor is used for measuring the real-time lengths of the movable arm oil cylinder, the bucket rod oil cylinder and the bucket oil cylinder;

the angle sensor is used for measuring the rotation angle of the slewing mechanism;

the laser radar is used for scanning materials stacked in the round pit and acquiring a coordinate matrix of the profile node of the material stack relative to a base coordinate system of the slewing mechanism of the excavator;

the track planning module comprises a mining track library and a matching submodule;

the excavation track library is internally provided with excavation tracks suitable for different working conditions, and variable parameters of the excavation tracks under a certain working condition are obtained by image processing, numerical calculation and a laser radar;

the matching submodule is used for combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations according to the operation conditions of different stages;

the electro-hydraulic control execution module compositely controls the hydraulic execution element to complete a decision task based on control signals output by the interactive decision module and the trajectory planning module.

The imported parameters of the interactive interface comprise: the longitudinal distance L from the center of the slewing mechanism of the excavator to the center of the round pit, the radius R of the round pit and the excavating depth H of the round pit.

Furthermore, the excavation track comprises a rapid soil cleaning operation track 1, a trimming operation track 2 and a removal track 3 and S for accumulated materials in the pit₁Trimming traces 4 and S at bottom of region₂The area bottom edge is trimmed to trace 5 and the excavation trace images are shown in detail in fig. 6-10. The kinematic equation comprises a transformation matrix T of the leftmost bucket tooth point, a longitudinal symmetry center plane bucket tooth point and the rightmost bucket tooth point relative to a rotation mechanism center base coordinate system₁、T₂、T₃The model of the D-H coordinate system of the excavator working device required for obtaining the three kinematic equations is shown in fig. 2, wherein the base coordinate system is located at the center of the swing mechanism of the excavator, the end effectors are the left, middle and right bucket tooth tips of the bucket, and fig. 3 further illustrates the coordinate system fixedly connected to the bucket tooth tips.

An intelligent control method for pit operation of a hydraulic excavator comprises the following steps:

s1, stopping the excavator to a proper position away from the operation target, enabling the center of the swing mechanism of the excavator and the center of the round pit to be on the same plane, and adjusting the posture of the working device of the excavator to be in a pre-excavation state;

s2, interactive interface input parameters L, R, H,

s3, processing the visual two-dimensional graph to obtain a quick soil cleaning operation image (image P1) and a trimming operation image (image P2);

s4, generating a three-dimensional coordinate of the round pit relative to a center base coordinate system of the excavator swing mechanism by the numerical calculation module and visualizing the three-dimensional coordinate on an interactive interface;

s5, combining corresponding excavation operation images, excavation tracks and kinematic equations by a matching module, calculating variable parameters of the excavation tracks by a numerical value calculation module, comparing real-time pose data of the excavator working device with excavation initial point coordinates generated by the operation images by a pose adjustment module, and finally transmitting pose adjustment signals of the excavator working device and bucket tooth tip track signals to an electro-hydraulic control execution module;

s6, the electro-hydraulic control execution module drives the swing mechanism, the movable arm, the bucket rod and the bucket to complete action instructions according to the received control signals;

and S6, repeating the steps S5 and S6, and completing the excavation task according to the round pit operation sequence.

Further, the three-dimensional coordinates generated by the S2 numerical calculation module can be expressed as:

round pit ground boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, -d)

Round pit bottom boundary coordinates: (L + R sin α, -R cos α, - (d + H))

Wherein L is the distance from the center of the excavator swing mechanism to the center of the round pit, R is the radius of the round pit, d is the distance from the center of the excavator swing mechanism to the ground, H is the excavating depth of the round pit, and alpha is the included angle of the circle center in the counterclockwise direction.

Further, as shown in fig. 4-5, the S3 images P1 and P2 require the target circle to be segmented with the midpoint of the segmentation line being away from the center of the circular pitThe dividing line divides the circle into two parts, and the part occupying large circle area deviates from the excavator and is called as a far end area and is marked as S₁The part occupying the small circle area is close to the excavator, called the near end area and marked as S₂. . Where P1 is the graph dividing S according to bucket width₁Region division intoA number of single excavation areas, with a boundary intersection point of a₁,a₂...a₆And an intersection with the dividing line is k₁,k₂...k₆(ii) a P2 figure bisects a circle at an equal angular degree of 11.25 deg., and intersects S₁Zone boundary b₁,b₂...b₂₅Cross over S₂Zone boundary b₁',b₂'...b₇'。According to the calculation method of the S2 three-dimensional coordinates, the three-dimensional coordinates of all intersection points of the P1 and P2 images, which are positioned on the ground and the ground bottom, are recorded and stored, wherein the intersection point with the boundary of the target circle is the excavation starting point position of the corresponding bucket tooth tip of the excavator in each operation.

Further, the combination of the S5 mining job image, the mining trajectory, and the kinematic equation is specifically described in conjunction with fig. 4-5:

and (3) fast soil clearing operation:

area: image P1+ track 1+ transformation matrix T₁；

Area: image P1+ track 1+ transformation matrix T₃；

Trimming:

b₁₃b'₄left area: image P2+ track 2+ transformation matrix T₁；

b₁₃、b'₄These two positions: image P2+ track 2+ transformation matrix T₂；

b₁₃b'₄Right area: image P2+ track 2+ transformation matrix T₃；

Bottom edge finishing work (S)₁Region):

b₁₃b'₄left area: image P2+ track 4+ transformation matrix T₁；

b₁₃b'₄Right area: image P2+ track 4+ transformation matrix T₃；

Bottom edge finishing work (S)₂Region):

b₁₃b'₄left area: image P2+ track 5+ transformation matrix T₁；

b₁₃b'₄Right area: image P2+ track 5+ transformation matrix T₃；

Removing materials in the pit: track 3+ turnChange matrix T₂。

Further, the S4 numerical calculation module calculates the parameters of the mining trajectory variables as follows:

digging trajectory 1 is shown in fig. 6:

excavation length l:

digging depth h:

wherein l_iIs as followsThe excavation length of the excavation region, and (x, y, z) are a_i+1、k_i+1Coordinate of (a), h_iIs as followsThe excavation depth of the excavation area, V is the volume of the full bucket of excavation material, and B is the bucket width. If it is firstThe difference value between the target excavation depth H and the accumulated excavation depth of the excavation region is less than H_iAt the moment, the excavation depth is the difference depth;

digging trajectory 3 is shown in fig. 8:

excavation length l:

wherein the matrix Q is a coordinate matrix of a material pile outline node obtained by the laser radar scanning of materials stacked in the pit relative to a rotation mechanism center base coordinate system, and S_mFor longitudinally excavating the sectional area of the material, the figure enveloped by two nodes is approximately regarded as a trapezoid,to mine the number of rows in the matrix Q where the starting points are located,the number of rows of a matrix Q where the excavation termination point is located is delta, the number of columns of the corresponding matrix Q in the bucket width range is delta, and V is the volume of the material during full bucket excavation;

main variable parameters of the excavation trajectory 2 are a bucket tooth pressing depth H and a bucket side moving distance e, specifically as shown in fig. 7, wherein the pressing depth is a round pit target excavation depth and is a parameter for introducing an interactive interface, the bucket side moving distance is used for transferring cut soil to the middle of a round pit, so that the subsequent quick removal work of materials accumulated in the pit is facilitated, and the setting of e is 1/3R; the excavation trajectories 4 and 5 are shown in fig. 9 and 10, in which the start and stop points (e.g., b) of the trajectories are shown₁₃→b₁) And finishing the track planning according to the three-dimensional coordinates of the boundary of the bottom of the round pit corresponding to the track.

Further, the transformation matrix T₁、T₂、T₃As follows:

wherein, c_ijkRepresents cos (. theta.) of_i+θ_j+θ_k)，s_ijkDenotes sin (θ)_i+θ_j+θ_k)，a₀The longitudinal distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, d₀Is the vertical distance from the center of the swing mechanism to the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body, a₁The distance from the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body to the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod, a₂For articulated arm to bucket armA distance from the point of articulation of the dipper and the bucket, a₃The distance from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the bucket tooth tip in the longitudinal symmetry center plane, d₃Is the transverse distance theta from the hinged point of the bucket rod and the bucket to the tooth point₀Is the rotation angle of the slewing gear, theta₁The included angle theta between the connecting line of the hinged point of the movable arm and the machine body and the hinged point of the movable arm and the bucket rod and the horizontal plane₂Angle of rotation of the arm relative to the boom, θ₃The angle of rotation of the bucket relative to the stick.

Further, the sequence of the S6 round pit operation is S₁Regional quick soil clearing operation → S₁Area trimming → S₁Trimming of bottom edge of region → S₂Area trimming → S₂Trimming the bottom edge of the area → removing the accumulated material in the pit.

In this embodiment, the trimming operation b₈The following points are taken as examples for specific description:

due to b₈The point is the region on the left side of the plane of symmetry in the trimming operation, and therefore the transformation matrix T of "image P2+ track 2+ is used₁"in a combination mode. The displacement sensor collects real-time length data of a movable arm oil cylinder, a bucket rod oil cylinder and a bucket oil cylinder, the angle sensor collects rotation angle data of the slewing mechanism, the sensor data are converted into the pose of the excavator working device, and the pose b are utilized₈Comparing point ground three-dimensional coordinates, calculating pose errors, generating pose adjustment signals, transmitting the pose adjustment signals to the electro-hydraulic control execution module, and driving the working device to enable the bucket tooth point on the left side of the bucket to be placed on the position b₈And finishing the pre-digging action at the point position. And calling the excavation track 2, calculating variable parameters, wherein the pressing depth is H, namely the parameter H input to the interactive interface in the step S2, and the side shift distance e is 1/3R, completing track planning, sending a signal to the electro-hydraulic control execution module, and driving the working device to complete an action command. The remaining excavation process is similar to that described above.

It should be noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and do not limit the scope of the present invention, and all equivalent concepts or modifications within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention.