阅读说明：本技术 一种蜜蜂绵虫综合防治方法 (Comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms ) 是由 徐世平 刘茂秋 王维 徐曌 于 2019-08-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明属于病虫害防治技术领域,具体涉及一种蜜蜂绵虫综合防治方法。本发明将多种植物成分按特定比例混合粉碎,加入竹醋液恒温水浴浸提制备成绿色杀虫剂,分别用喷雾法和熏蒸法将绿色杀虫剂施用于蜂箱和巢脾,再将巢脾取出单独密封,在封闭无氧的条件下冷冻,能极大提高杀灭绵虫的效率,绵虫发生率、每脾虫数和每脾卵数显著降低。本发明结合生物防治与物理防治,在高效高质地防治绵虫的同时对环境和其他生物安全,没有残留污染,能保证蜂蜜的原生态与质量。(The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms. The invention mixes and crushes a plurality of plant components according to a specific proportion, adds in bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a thermostatic water bath to prepare a green insecticide, applies the green insecticide to a beehive and a honeycomb by a spraying method and a fumigation method respectively, then takes out the honeycomb for independent sealing, freezes under the condition of sealing and no oxygen, can greatly improve the efficiency of killing the cotton worms, and greatly reduce the incidence rate of the cotton worms, the number of the cotton worms per spleen and the number of eggs per spleen. The invention combines biological control and physical control, is safe to the environment and other organisms while efficiently and high-quality controlling cotton worms, has no residual pollution, and can ensure the original ecology and quality of honey.)

1. The comprehensive control method for the honeybee cotton worms is characterized by comprising the following steps of:

(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 5-10 parts of tea seed cake powder, 1-5 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 1-5 parts of dogwood powder, 1-5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1-5 parts of plantain herb powder, 1-5 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 1-5 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; mixing and crushing the cyrtomium fortunei, the tea seed cake, the Japanese ardisia, the dogwood, the loquat leaf, the plantain herb, the ginkgo leaf and the Japanese momordica flower according to the weight parts to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a constant-temperature water bath, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green insecticide;

(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5-10 times with water, spraying the green pesticide to a beehive and a honeycomb, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade place after spraying;

(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehive and the honeycomb for 24-36h by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying;

(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycombs after the fumigation is finished, sealing each honeycomb independently, and freezing for 8-10h at-8 ℃ to-5 ℃.

2. The method for comprehensively controlling the honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the green insecticide in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 6 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 2 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1 part of plantain herb powder, 4 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 4 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar.

3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the mixed plant powder in step (1) is prepared by drying rhizoma Osmundae, tea seed cake, herba Ardisiae Japonicae, Corni fructus, folium Eriobotryae, herba plantaginis, folium Ginkgo and flos Momordicae at a constant temperature of 50-55 deg.C, mixing, and pulverizing.

4. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 3, wherein the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is pulverized to 40-60 meshes.

5. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the time for leaching in thermostatic waterbath after adding bamboo vinegar to the mixed plant powder in step (1) is 2-4 h.

6. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 5, wherein the temperature of the thermostatic waterbath leaching of the mixed plant powder in the step (1) after the bamboo vinegar liquid is added is 60-65 ℃.

7. The method for comprehensively controlling the honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the green insecticide is sprayed every 2 to 3 days in the step (2) for 3 to 4 times continuously.

8. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the gaps of the hive are sealed during fumigation, the amount of the green insecticide in each hive is 20-30ml, and the honeycomb is taken out to be ventilated and dried after the fumigation is finished.

9. The method for comprehensively controlling honeybee cotton worms according to claim 1, wherein the method for sealing the hive and the spleen in the step (4) is specifically as follows: placing the single honeycomb into a bag, placing the bag into water, and sealing the bag opening after exhausting air in the bag.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of pest control, and particularly relates to a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms.

Background

The cotton worm is also called nest worm, and is a disease and insect pest which is very easy to occur in the bee breeding. The cotton worm is larva of the wax moth of the lepidoptera snout moth family, mainly harms weak groups, has high propagation speed, has strong vitality of eggs and larva of the cotton worm, and has great harm to bee keeping. After the cotton worms are nourished, the cotton worms spin at the bottoms of the honeycombs to cocoon, tunnel tunnels are formed in the honeycombs to eat and destroy the honeycombs, so that the beewax is eaten to damage the bee larvae and the bee pupae. In the mild, the bee colony has signs of decline, which affects the honey yield and quality, and in the severe, the bees can abandon the nest and fly away. In addition to the damage to bees in the hive, cotton worms also cause destructive damage to stored combs, and most beekeepers concentrate empty combs each year for later use or use the next year, which will attract female moths of cotton worms to lay eggs there, and the hatched cotton worms will propagate in large numbers by virtue of the combs. Usually within 2-4 months, they will cause almost all of the stored combs to be discarded by decay, causing serious economic losses to the beekeeper, so that cotton worm prevention and management is not a trivial task during the bee rearing process.

Currently, there are two ways of controlling cotton worms: firstly, chemical control is carried out, and pesticides are used for removing, but most of the existing pesticides have certain residues, which can affect the quality of honey and other bee products; secondly, physical control, for example, the honeycomb is soaked in cold water or exposed to the sun, so that cotton worms are manually removed by tweezers after climbing out, the efficiency is low, the labor cost is high, and the removal is not thorough; physical methods also include freezing for killing insects, but the need for freezing for 1-2 days also causes problems of tainting of odors and generation of moisture causing the spleen to become moldy. Meanwhile, the existing control method has the limitation that only larvae on beehives and honeycombs can be killed, but eggs cannot be killed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the technical problems, the invention aims to provide a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms, which can solve the problems of pesticide residue and low efficiency in the existing control method, can greatly improve the efficiency of killing the cotton worms, has no residual pollution, efficiently and high-quality cotton worms removal and ensures the original ecology and quality of honey.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

a comprehensive control method for honeybee cotton worms comprises the following steps:

(1) preparing a green insecticide: the green pesticide comprises the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 5-10 parts of tea seed cake powder, 1-5 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 1-5 parts of dogwood powder, 1-5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1-5 parts of plantain herb powder, 1-5 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 1-5 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar; mixing and crushing the cyrtomium fortunei, the tea seed cake, the Japanese ardisia, the dogwood, the loquat leaf, the plantain herb, the ginkgo leaf and the Japanese momordica flower according to the weight parts to obtain mixed plant powder, adding bamboo vinegar liquid for leaching in a constant-temperature water bath, and filtering to obtain filtrate, namely the green insecticide;

(2) killing insects by a spraying method: diluting the green pesticide prepared in the step (1) by 5-10 times with water, spraying the green pesticide to a beehive and a honeycomb, and naturally airing the beehive and the honeycomb in a shade place after spraying;

(3) fumigating for killing insects: fumigating the beehive and the honeycomb for 24-36h by using the green insecticide steam prepared in the step (1) after spraying;

(4) killing insects by a freezing method: taking out the honeycombs after the fumigation is finished, sealing each honeycomb independently, and freezing for 8-10h at-8 ℃ to-5 ℃.

Preferably, the green pesticide in the step (1) comprises the following components in parts by weight: 8 parts of cyrtomium rhizome powder, 6 parts of tea seed cake powder, 3 parts of ardisia japonica powder, 2 parts of dogwood powder, 5 parts of loquat leaf powder, 1 part of plantain herb powder, 4 parts of ginkgo leaf powder, 4 parts of momordica grosvenori powder and 1000 parts of bamboo vinegar.

Further, the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is prepared by drying cyrtomium rhizome, dried tea seed cake, Japanese ardisia, dogwood, loquat leaf, plantain herb, ginkgo leaf and Japanese momordica flower at a constant temperature of 50-55 ℃, mixing and crushing.

Further, the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is crushed to 40-60 meshes.

Further, the time of leaching the mixed plant powder in the step (1) in a constant-temperature water bath after adding the bamboo vinegar liquid is 2-4 h.

Further, the temperature of the thermostatic water bath leaching after the bamboo vinegar liquid is added into the mixed plant powder in the step (1) is 60-65 ℃.

Further, in the step (2), the green insecticide is sprayed once every 2-3 days and is continuously sprayed for 3-4 times.

Further, during the fumigation in the step (3), firstly, the gaps of the hives are sealed, the dosage of the green insecticide in each hive is 20-30ml, and after the fumigation is finished, the honeycomb is taken out to be ventilated and dried.

Further, the method for sealing the honeycomb in the step (4) specifically comprises the following steps: placing the single honeycomb into a bag, placing the bag into water, and sealing the bag opening after exhausting air in the bag.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) the invention mixes and crushes a plurality of plant components, and adds bamboo vinegar liquid to leach in a constant temperature water bath to prepare the green pesticide. After the plant components are extracted and chelated by the bamboo vinegar, the extract contains various volatile oil, alkaloid, organic acid and flavonoid substances, has a certain killing effect on cotton worm larvae and eggs, and has an obvious aversive effect on cotton worm adults. Compared with the traditional physical and chemical control, the green pesticide can greatly improve the efficiency of killing cotton worms, has various action mechanisms of active components, is not easy to generate drug resistance to pests, is safe to environment, is easy to degrade, has no residue and pollution, and does not influence the quality of bee products such as honey after being used.

(2) The green insecticide prepared by the invention has strong permeability to cotton worm bodies, for example, various alkaloids can act on the nervous system of cotton worms, the cotton worms can be directly killed by contact killing and systemic action, and various volatile oils and organic acid substances can influence chemoreceptors of the cotton worms, so that certain avoidance effect on the cotton worms is achieved. The green pesticide is applied to beehives and honeycombs by adopting a spraying method and a fumigating method respectively, wherein the spraying method can improve the humidity and destroy the development environment of the cotton worm larvae at the bottom of the beehive, and the spraying method has a direct killing effect on the cotton worm larvae and eggs through a contact killing effect; the fumigation method has long treatment time, can act on the overwintering larvae and eggs in the gap between the beehive body and the honeycomb through the internal absorption effect, has more thorough clearing effect, has more obvious repellent effect on adult cotton worms, and can reduce the egg laying probability of the adult cotton worms on the beehive and the honeycomb. When the green pesticide is prepared, the plant raw materials are dried and crushed at constant temperature and then are leached, so that the leaching efficiency can be obviously improved, and the leaching time is shortened.

(3) After the spraying and fumigating treatment, the honeycomb is taken out and sealed independently and then is frozen, and the cotton worm larvae and eggs hidden in the honeycomb can be further frozen to death directly. According to the invention, a single honeycomb is placed into a bag, then the bag is placed into water, the bag opening is sealed after air in the bag is discharged, so that the honeycomb is frozen under a closed anaerobic condition, the odor tainting can be prevented, the mildew caused by water vapor entering the honeycomb during freezing can be prevented, the air can be isolated, cotton worms can die under the anaerobic condition, and compared with a common freezing mode, the treatment time is shorter, and the treatment effect is better.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the embodiments of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

The materials used in the following examples are all commercially available from conventional sources.