阅读说明：本技术 一种病死猪的无害化处理方法 (Harmless treatment method for dead pigs ) 是由 蒋振南 张宁 蓝常力 覃国喜 郭旋 刘德清 冯建远 王艳午 马青兰 赵放英 曾香 于 2019-09-23 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种病死猪的无害化处理方法,属于禽畜无害化处理技术领域,本发明的病死猪经生物发酵后成为氨基酸肥被利用：生产过程中产生的病死猪和胎衣等经切碎、生物发酵、高温、杀菌杀毒、干燥等处理,生产出来的氨基酸肥,是一种高档有机肥料,能供给植物必需的氨基酸,提高施肥对象抗病性,改善施肥作物品质的功能,能使有机废弃物变废为宝,且生产过程无烟、无废水、无病原、无二次污染。(The invention discloses a harmless treatment method of pigs died of illness, belonging to the technical field of harmless treatment of livestock and poultry, wherein the pigs died of illness are utilized as amino acid fertilizer after biological fermentation: the amino acid fertilizer produced by processing dead pigs, placenta and the like in the production process through chopping, biological fermentation, high temperature, sterilization, disinfection, drying and the like is a high-grade organic fertilizer, can supply amino acid necessary for plants, improve the disease resistance of fertilization objects, improve the function of the quality of fertilization crops, change organic wastes into valuables, and has no smoke, waste water, pathogen and secondary pollution in the production process.)

1. A harmless treatment method for dead pigs is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) collecting pigs died of diseases: placing the pigs died of the disease in a special collecting vehicle, splashing disinfectant, and conveying the pigs died of the disease to a treatment workshop to obtain the pigs died of the disease;

(2) adding dead pigs and padding into a biodegradation machine, starting the biodegradation machine, and carrying out cutting, stirring and heating treatment to obtain a mixture;

(3) adding microbial strains into the mixture obtained in the step (2) for fermentation to obtain a fermented material;

(4) and carrying out high-temperature treatment on the fermentation material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

2. The method for harmless disposal of the dead pigs according to claim 1, wherein the amount of the bedding material is 1/3 of the volume of the biodegradation machine.

3. The method as claimed in claim 2, wherein the litter is a mixture of wood chips and bran.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the pig comprises dead pig carcass, placenta, dead fetus, and mummy fetus.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the microorganism is lactobacillus or rhodotorula glutinis.

6. The method for harmless disposal of pigs died of illness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the heating temperature in step (2) is 120 ℃ to 150 ℃.

7. The method for harmless treatment of the dead pigs according to claim 1, wherein the fermentation process of the step (3) comprises the following steps:

(1) primary fermentation: inoculating lactobacillus into the mixture, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 50-54 ℃ for 12-24 h to obtain a primary fermentation material;

(2) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding corn straw powder in an amount which is 1-2 times the weight of the primary fermentation material into the primary fermentation material, uniformly mixing, adding rhodotorula glutinis, and fermenting at 40-44 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the fermentation material.

8. The method for harmless treatment of the pigs died of illness according to claim 7, wherein the inoculation amount of the lactic acid bacteria is 5-7% of the weight of the mixture, and the lactic acid bacteria is one or more of Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus, Pediococcus acidilactici, Streptococcus faecalis and Lactobacillus fermentum mixed at any ratio.

9. The method for harmless treatment of the pigs died of illness according to claim 7, wherein the inoculation amount of the rhodotorula glutinis 11-13% of the weight of the primary fermentation material.

10. The harmless treatment method of the pigs died of illness as claimed in claim 1, wherein the high temperature treatment in step (4) is heating the fermented material to 80-95 ℃ for 6-8 h.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of harmless treatment of livestock, in particular to a harmless treatment method of pigs died of diseases.

Background

The slaughtering amount of domestic pigs in China is continuously over 7 hundred million in 3 years, 7 million pig carcasses are generated every year, and about two million tons of waste is generated. If a large number of pigs died of illness cannot be effectively and properly treated in time, environmental pollution can be caused, and the risk of pathogen transmission is easily caused. Some illegal vendors bring pigs dead to the dining table for their own benefit, causing food safety risks.

The common treatment method for dead pigs comprises the measures of incineration, natural decomposition, burying and the like. The burning is to burn the dead pigs intensively by using a burning furnace, because the burning is open-air burning, most of the burning needs to use fuel such as gasoline, diesel oil or kerosene, the energy is wasted, and the waste gas generated by burning is very unpleasant and toxic; the natural decomposition is the most environment-friendly and energy-saving method for harmlessly treating dead pigs, a cement pool with a sealing cover and a large volume is built, then the dead pigs are put into the cement pool, if the dead pigs are the dead pigs which are popular or infected with epidemic diseases, the dead pigs are preferably put into the cement pool together with quicklime, and after the dead pigs are put into the cement pool, a cover is covered to enable the dead pigs to be naturally decomposed. But the natural decomposition method needs to establish a harmless treatment pool, has higher input cost and longer treatment period, and is suitable for intensively treating a large amount of dead pigs. Therefore, this method is intensively applicable in the swine industry, and is not applicable to general individual households.

Burial is a method suitable for the treatment of dead pigs on various scales. However, pigs died from diseases carry a large amount of germs and viruses, the germs or the viruses have strong stress resistance, can survive for years after being buried, are extremely easy to infect human bodies and healthy live pigs, and have great harm. Moreover, the land occupation area is large, the processing time is long, and the oil tank is easy to steal and flows into the market.

The condonlium and the like (2017), the Qiu Qianji and the like (2015) all disclose a method for harmless treatment of pigs died of illness by using excrement slag, the excrement slag is directly used as a filler for fermentation treatment, pig manure needs to be dried to obtain the excrement slag with low water content, and as the excrement slag is simply dried, various pathogenic bacteria and worm eggs still exist in the excrement, and the excrement slag still has stink and simultaneously generates harmful gases such as ammonia gas, hydrogen sulfide and the like; meanwhile, the existing biological fermentation is single in type and general in activity, so that the harmless treatment requirement of the dead pigs at present is difficult to meet.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to make up for the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a harmless fermentation treatment method for dead pigs.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides the following scheme:

the invention provides a harmless treatment method of pigs died of diseases, which comprises the following steps:

(1) collecting pigs died of diseases: placing the pigs died of the disease in a special collecting vehicle, splashing disinfectant, and conveying the pigs died of the disease to a treatment workshop to obtain the pigs died of the disease;

(2) adding dead pigs and padding into a biodegradation machine, starting the biodegradation machine, and carrying out cutting, stirring and heating treatment to obtain a mixture;

(3) adding microbial strains into the mixture obtained in the step (2) for fermentation to obtain a fermented material;

(4) and carrying out high-temperature treatment on the fermentation material to obtain the organic fertilizer.

As a further improvement of the invention, the dunnage is added in an amount 1/3 of the volume of the biodegradation machine.

As a further improvement of the invention, the padding is a mixture of wood chips and bran.

As a further improvement of the invention, the dead pigs comprise dead pig bodies, placentas, dead fetuses and mummy fetuses.

As a further improvement of the invention, the microbial strains are lactic acid bacteria and rhodotorula glutinis.

As a further improvement of the invention, the heating temperature in the step (2) is 120-150 ℃.

As a further improvement of the invention, the fermentation process of the step (3) comprises the following steps:

(1) primary fermentation: inoculating lactobacillus into the mixture, and performing anaerobic fermentation at 50-54 ℃ for 12-24 h to obtain a primary fermentation material;

(2) and (3) secondary fermentation: adding corn straw powder in an amount which is 1-2 times the weight of the primary fermentation material into the primary fermentation material, uniformly mixing, adding rhodotorula glutinis, and fermenting at 40-44 ℃ for 12-24 hours to obtain the fermentation material.

As a further improvement of the invention, the inoculation amount of the lactic acid bacteria is 5-7% of the weight of the mixture, and the lactic acid bacteria is one or any mixture of lactobacillus plantarum, streptococcus thermophilus, pediococcus acidilactici, streptococcus faecalis and lactobacillus fermentum.

As a further improvement of the invention, the inoculation amount of the rhodotorula glutinis is 11-13% of the weight of the primary fermentation material.

As a further improvement of the invention, the high-temperature treatment in the step (4) is to heat the fermentation material to 80-95 ℃ and the treatment time is 6-8 h.

The invention discloses the following technical effects:

the harmless fermentation treatment method for the pigs died of illness provided by the invention is simple, waste liquid and waste residue are not generated in the whole treatment process of the pigs died of illness, all germs or viruses can be killed, the infection to human bodies and healthy pigs is avoided, and harmless treatment is realized; the pigs died of illness are placed in a fully-closed special delivery wagon and are disinfected, so that infection is avoided; the dead pigs are cut and crushed, so that the post-treatment is facilitated, the treatment process is simplified, and the infection rate is reduced; the mixture is sterilized and then added with lactic acid bacteria for rapid fermentation, a large amount of biological enzyme is generated, the pH is reduced, possible residual germs or viruses are killed through enzymolysis and lower pH, safety and health are achieved, meanwhile, the raw materials of pigs died of diseases are decomposed into micromolecular substance components, malodor is avoided, the air quality of a treatment workshop is improved, and the working environment of workers is improved; and adding the corn straw powder and the rhodotorula glutinis after primary fermentation, performing secondary fermentation, further decomposing dead pig raw materials to directly obtain an organic fertilizer, then performing high-temperature sterilization, and killing germs and viruses at high temperature to avoid residue and infection.

The pigs died of illness of the invention become amino acid fertilizer after biological fermentation and are utilized: the amino acid fertilizer produced by processing dead pigs, placenta and the like generated in the production process through chopping, biological fermentation, high temperature, sterilization, disinfection, drying and the like is a high-grade organic fertilizer, can supply amino acid necessary for plants, improves the disease resistance of a fertilizing object, improves the function of fertilizing crop quality, and can change organic wastes into valuables. And the production process has no smoke, waste water, pathogen and secondary pollution.

The invention can perfect the long-acting mechanism of harmless treatment of the pig manure and the livestock and poultry died of diseases, prevent the pollution of the environment caused by discarding the pigs died of diseases at will, prevent the pigs died of diseases from flowing to a dining table to cause food safety accidents, prevent the pigs died of diseases from spreading animal diseases, and ensure the safety of animal-derived food and the healthy development of animal husbandry. The treatment method can ensure food safety, meet the requirement of environmental protection, realize the perfect combination of resources and economy and keep good coordination of economic sustainable development and ecological environment. The invention can also ensure the safety of animal derived food and the healthy development of animal husbandry and can solve the problem of organic fertilizer supply in farms.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings needed to be used in the embodiments will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings without inventive exercise.

FIG. 1 is a photograph of an organic fertilizer obtained in example 1 of the present invention;

fig. 2 is a photograph of the biodegradation machine according to the present invention.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

In order to make the aforementioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention comprehensible, embodiments accompanied with figures are described in further detail below.

The biodegradation machine disclosed by the utility model CN208321599U is a degradation box disclosed by the utility model, and the operation method is a conventional technical means, is not the essential point of the invention, and is not described in detail herein.

The lactic acid bacteria and the rhodotorula glutinis of the present invention are commercially available.