阅读说明：本技术 秸秆-粪污微贮肥及其制备方法 (Straw-excrement micro-storage fertilizer and preparation method thereof ) 是由 王铁军 王铁良 王瑞丽 宫元娟 孙军德 于 2019-10-25 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开秸秆-粪污微贮肥及其制备方法。本发明的制备方法包括以下步骤：采用秸秆丝化机将秸秆就地进行丝化处理,得到秸秆丝,测量秸秆丝的自然含水率；将粪污进行干湿分离和除杂处理,分离得到粪污干物质和粪污湿物质,测量粪污的自然含水率；根据预设的肥源物料含水率要求和预设的秸秆丝干物质和粪污干物质的配料比要求,结合秸秆丝自然含水率和粪污自然含水率,确定秸秆丝和粪污用量；分别称取秸秆丝和粪污,将秸秆丝和粪污搅拌混合,得到肥源物料；向肥源物料喷淋微生物菌剂,并按照预设压缩比例将肥源物料压缩成块,压块装袋、腐熟发酵,得到秸秆-粪污微贮肥。本发明操作简单,提高秸秆和粪污的利用率,减少资源浪费和环境污染。(The invention discloses a straw-fecal sewage micro-storage fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out on-site shredding treatment on the straws by adopting a straw shredding machine to obtain straw filaments, and measuring the natural moisture content of the straw filaments; carrying out dry-wet separation and impurity removal treatment on the excrement to obtain dry excrement substances and wet excrement substances through separation, and measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement; determining the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement according to the preset requirement of the moisture content of the fertilizer source materials and the preset requirement of the mixture ratio of the dry matter of the straw filaments to the dry matter of the excrement and by combining the natural moisture content of the straw filaments and the natural moisture content of the excrement; respectively weighing straw filaments and excrement, and stirring and mixing the straw filaments and the excrement to obtain a fertilizer source material; spraying a microbial agent on the fertilizer source materials, compressing the fertilizer source materials into blocks according to a preset compression ratio, briquetting, bagging, decomposing and fermenting to obtain the straw-excrement micro-storage fertilizer. The method is simple to operate, improves the utilization rate of the straws and the excrement, and reduces resource waste and environmental pollution.)

1. A preparation method of straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) carrying out on-site shredding treatment on the straws by adopting a straw shredding machine (100) to obtain straw filaments, and measuring the natural water content of the straw filaments;

2) carrying out dry-wet separation and impurity removal treatment on the excrement to obtain dry excrement matters and wet excrement matters, measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement, and measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement

3) Determining the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement according to a preset fertilizer source material water content requirement and a preset proportioning ratio requirement of straw filament dry matter and excrement dry matter, and combining the natural straw filament water content measured in the step 1) and the natural excrement water content measured in the step 2);

4) respectively weighing the straw filaments and the excrement according to the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement, and stirring and mixing the straw filaments and the excrement to obtain a fertilizer source material;

5) and spraying a microbial agent on the fertilizer source material, compressing the fertilizer source material sprayed with the microbial agent into blocks according to a preset compression ratio, briquetting, bagging, decomposing and fermenting to obtain the straw-feces micro-storage fertilizer.

2. The method for preparing the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the moisture content of the fertilizer source material is 45-65%.

3. The preparation method of the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mixing ratio of straw filament dry matter to manure dry matter is 2: 3-3: 2.

4. The preparation method of the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the fertilizer source material is 0.5-3: 1000.

5. The method for preparing the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 4, wherein the spraying speed of the microbial agent is 50mL/min to 200 mL/min.

6. The method for preparing straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer according to claim 1 or 4, wherein the microbial agent comprises Bacillus licheniformis.

7. The preparation method of the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, wherein the compression ratio is 1: 2-1: 4.

8. The preparation method of straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the straw filamentization machine (100) comprises a first supporting mechanism (1) and a first driving mechanism (2), a protection mechanism (3), a feeding mechanism (4), a chopping mechanism (5), a kneading mechanism (6) and a discharging mechanism (7) which are arranged on the first supporting mechanism (1); the protection mechanism (3) is used for forming a feeding port, a straw moving channel and a discharging port, the feeding mechanism (4) is fixed at the feeding port, the shredding mechanism (5) and the kneading mechanism (6) are arranged in the straw moving channel, and the discharging mechanism (7) is used for sending out straws which are filamentized in the straw moving channel through the discharging port; the feeding mechanism (4) comprises a conveyor belt (41) and a saw disc knife roller (42), the saw disc knife roller (42) is arranged above the conveyor belt (41), the conveyor belt (41) is fixed on the protection mechanism (3), and the saw disc knife roller (42) is rotatably connected with the protection mechanism (3); the chopping mechanism (5) comprises a fixed cutter (51) and a hob (52), the fixed cutter (51) is fixedly connected with the protection mechanism (3), the first driving mechanism (2) is in transmission connection with the hob (52), and the hob (52) is in transmission connection with the saw disc cutter roller (42); the first driving mechanism (2) is in transmission connection with the silk kneading mechanism (6), the silk kneading mechanism (6) is in transmission connection with the discharging mechanism (7), and the discharging mechanism (7) is in transmission connection with the conveying belt (41).

9. The preparation method of straw-fecal sewage micro-storage fertilizer according to claim 1, wherein the step 5) comprises compressing, blocking and bagging the fertilizer source material by using a compression bagging machine (400), the compression bagging machine (400) comprises a second driving mechanism and a compression bagging mechanism, the compression bagging mechanism comprises a compression chamber (403), a feeding baffle (404), a discharging baffle (405), a first compression piston and a second compression piston, the top surface of the compression chamber (403) is provided with a feeding port (4031), the side surface of the compression chamber (403) is provided with a discharging port (4032), the feeding baffle (404) is used for sealing the feeding port (4031), the discharging baffle (405) is used for sealing the discharging port (4032), the second driving mechanism is used for respectively driving the first compression piston and the second compression piston to slide in the compression chamber (403), the first compression piston is used for pushing the fertilizer source materials to the discharge hole (4032) from the feeding hole (4031) and compressing and molding the fertilizer source materials, and the second compression piston is used for pushing the compressed and molded fertilizer source materials out of the discharge hole (4032).

10. A straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer, which is characterized by being obtained by the preparation method of any one of claims 1 to 9.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the field of utilization of agricultural organic wastes, in particular to a straw-fecal sewage micro-storage fertilizer and a preparation method thereof.

Background

The agricultural organic waste mainly comprises straws and livestock and poultry manure, at present, although projects such as standardized construction of farms, biogas engineering construction, comprehensive utilization of straws and the like are developed, the overall effect is not obvious due to the lack of system design and resultant force propulsion of the measures, and the problems of transverse flow of the livestock and poultry manure, disordered burning and random placement of the straws and the like in the rural areas are still outstanding. Particularly in some large-scale counties, various planting and breeding wastes are concentrated and large in quantity, the local environment bearing pressure is increased, and the demand of strengthening planting and breeding combined development is more urgent.

According to statistics, in 2015 years, about 1.8 million tons of straws are not utilized in China, the open-air burning situation of the straws is severe every year, not only is the resource waste caused, but also certain threats are formed to the atmospheric environment and traffic safety, and particularly, the return utilization of the straws is always difficult due to the fact that the northeast corn straws are slow in corrosion due to low temperature and the southern double cropping rice straws are tight in stubble.

Livestock manure is always a main organic fertilizer source for agricultural production in China, but with the rapid development of the breeding industry, most of large-scale farms have large and concentrated manure, and are limited by factors such as season limitation, rural labor force shortage, inconvenient transportation and the like, so that a lot of manure resources become a significant pollution source. In 2013, the amount of excrement and sewage in livestock and poultry breeding in China reaches 38 hundred million tons. According to the research results of nearly 3000 livestock standardized demonstration farms in China, the proportion of compost and biogas facilities in large-scale farms is only 35% and 26%, respectively, and most of the compost and biogas facilities cannot be effectively treated and utilized.

In conclusion, the problems of small stacking density of straws, high returning and field leaving cost, serious pollution of livestock and poultry manure, delayed popularization of organic fertilizers and the like exist in the aspect of organic waste utilization, so that the range and the capacity of cultivating organic wastes by utilizing the periphery of a fixed point fertilizer factory are limited, meanwhile, the problems of high product cost, low commercialization level, low participation enthusiasm of farmers and the like are still outstanding, the application of finished fertilizers according to local conditions is limited, and the land capability of farmland soil is reduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems of high cost of leaving straw from the field and reduced soil fertility of the field, the invention provides a fertilizer preparation process by micro-storage and decomposition according to local conditions and in-situ and nearby, which is based on in-situ consumption, energy circulation and comprehensive utilization as main lines and fertilizer utilization as a basis and constructs a planting and breeding circulation development mechanism. The preparation method of the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer is optimized from the aspects of fertilizer source material proportion, material moisture content, microbial agent application amount, compression ratio, the influence of decomposition time on the decomposition degree and the like, and the straw filamentation-material mixing-microbial agent spraying-compressed bagging-micro-storage decomposition is carried out, so that the utilization rate of straw and manure is improved, and the resource waste and the environmental pollution are reduced. The present invention has been accomplished, at least in part, based on this. Specifically, the present invention includes the following:

the invention provides a preparation method of straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer, which comprises the following steps:

1) carrying out on-site shredding treatment on the straws by adopting a straw shredding machine to obtain straw filaments, and measuring the natural water content of the straw filaments;

2) carrying out dry-wet separation and impurity removal treatment on the excrement to obtain dry excrement matters and wet excrement matters, measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement, and measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement

3) Determining the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement according to a preset fertilizer source material water content requirement and a preset proportioning ratio requirement of straw filament dry matter and excrement dry matter, and combining the natural straw filament water content measured in the step 1) and the natural excrement water content measured in the step 2);

4) respectively weighing the straw filaments and the excrement according to the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement, and stirring and mixing the straw filaments and the excrement to obtain a fertilizer source material;

5) spraying a microbial agent on the fertilizer source material, compressing the fertilizer source material sprayed with the microbial agent into blocks according to a preset compression ratio, briquetting, bagging, decomposing and fermenting to obtain the straw-feces micro-storage fertilizer.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the fertilizer source material has a moisture content of 45% to 65%.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the mixture ratio of the straw silk dry matter to the manure dry matter is 2: 3-3: 2.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the fertilizer source material is 0.5-3: 1000.

in certain exemplary embodiments, the microbial agent is sprayed at a rate of 50mL/min to 200 mL/min.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the microbial agent comprises bacillus licheniformis.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the compression ratio is from 1:2 to 1: 4.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the straw filamenter comprises a first support mechanism, and a first drive mechanism, a protection mechanism, a feeding mechanism, a shredding mechanism, a kneading mechanism and a discharging mechanism which are arranged on the first support mechanism; the protection mechanism is used for forming a feeding port, a straw moving channel and a discharge port, the feeding mechanism is fixed at the feeding port, the shredding mechanism and the kneading mechanism are arranged in the straw moving channel, and the discharge mechanism is used for sending out the straw which is filamentized in the straw moving channel through the discharge port; the feeding mechanism comprises a conveyor belt and a saw disc knife roller, the saw disc knife roller is arranged above the conveyor belt, the conveyor belt is fixed on the protection mechanism, and the saw disc knife roller is rotationally connected with the protection mechanism; the chopping mechanism comprises a fixed cutter and a hob, the fixed cutter is fixedly connected with the protection mechanism, the first driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the hob, and the hob is in transmission connection with the saw disc knife roller; the first driving mechanism is in transmission connection with the wire kneading mechanism, the wire kneading mechanism is in transmission connection with the discharging mechanism, and the discharging mechanism is in transmission connection with the conveyor belt.

In certain exemplary embodiments, the step 5) uses a compression bagging machine to perform compression blocking and briquetting bagging of the fertilizer source material, the compression bagging machine comprises a second driving mechanism and a compression bagging mechanism, the compression bagging mechanism comprises a compression chamber, a feeding baffle, a discharging baffle, a first compression piston and a second compression piston, the top surface of the compression chamber is provided with a feeding port, the side surface of the compression chamber is provided with a discharging port, the feeding baffle is used for sealing the feeding port, the discharge baffle is used for sealing the discharge hole, the second driving mechanism is used for respectively driving the first compression piston and the second compression piston to slide in the compression chamber, the first compression piston is used for pushing the fertilizer source materials to the discharge port from the feeding port and compressing and molding the fertilizer source materials, and the second compression piston is used for pushing the compressed and molded fertilizer source materials out of the discharge port.

In a second aspect of the invention, the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of the first aspect of the invention is provided.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the invention provides a straw-feces micro-storage fertilizer preparation method of 'straw filamentation-material mixing-microbial agent spraying-microbial agent compressing and bagging-micro-storage decomposition' from multiple aspects of fertilizer source material proportion, material moisture content, microbial agent application amount, compression ratio and decomposition time on the decomposition degree, and the like.

(2) The straw filamentation machine realizes the filamentation treatment of the straws by adopting the matching operation mode of feeding, cutting, crushing and hammering and kneading, has high filamentation efficiency and is convenient for the decomposition in the later period. The compressing and bagging machine compresses fertilizer source materials according to a certain compression ratio, and then bagging and decomposing fermentation are carried out, so that on one hand, the micro-storage single product is small in size and neat in shape, stacking and carrying are easy, decomposing time can be controlled by different formulas, the requirement on environment is low, and the field-free use cost and limitation are avoided; on the other hand, the compression can increase the contact area of the fertilizer source materials, discharge redundant air and moisture and provide a good decomposition environment.

(3) The micro-storage fertilizer prepared by the invention can improve the nutrient content of soil, can improve the organic matter content of soil after long-term stable application, reduces the use of chemical fertilizer, protects the soil plough layer, and increases the crop yield and the income of farmers. The invention can increase the amount and effect of on-site, nearby and convenient fertilizer utilization of agricultural organic wastes and reduce the material transportation cost.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a preparation method of straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer.

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a straw filamentation machine in a three-dimensional structure.

FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the front view structure of the straw filamentation machine.

FIG. 4 is a rear view structural schematic diagram of the straw filamentation machine.

Fig. 5 is a schematic perspective view of a straw filamentization machine (not including a protection mechanism).

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the conveyor belt.

Fig. 7 is a schematic perspective view of a saw disc cutter roller.

Fig. 8 is a schematic perspective view of the hob.

Fig. 9 is a schematic elevation structure diagram of the hob.

FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing the connection between the hammer piece and the kneading shaft.

FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of a barrel body formed by splicing the kneading plate and the screen mesh.

Fig. 12 is a schematic structural view of the slide assembly and the slide rail bracket.

Fig. 13 is a schematic perspective view of the screw conveyor.

Fig. 14 is a perspective view of the compression bagger.

Fig. 15 is a schematic top view of the compression bagger.

Description of reference numerals:

100. a straw filamentization machine; 400. compressing and bagging machine; 1. a first support mechanism; 2. a first drive mechanism; 3. a protection mechanism; 4. a feeding mechanism; 5. a shredding mechanism; 6. a kneading mechanism; 7. a discharging mechanism; 8. a sliding assembly; 9. a slide rail bracket; 11. a base; 12. a machine wheel; 13. a handrail; 21. an output shaft; 31. an upper guard plate; 32. a lower guard plate; 33. a first side plate; 34. a second side plate; 35. a discharge outer cover; 36. a first feeding guard plate; 37. a second feeding guard plate; 39. conveying the guard plate; 41. a conveyor belt; 42. a saw disc cutter roll; 51. fixing a cutter; 511. a support; 52. hobbing cutters; 61. a hammer sheet; 62. kneading the silk shaft; 63. a kneading board; 71. screening a screen; 72. a screw conveyor; 81. a slide rail; 82. a slider; 83. a lead screw; 84. a nut; 91. a slide rail fixing frame; 92. connecting blocks; 121. an adjusting lever; 122. a front wheel top cover; 350. a discharge port; 311. opening the protective plate; 312. kneading the outer plate of the cover plate; 313. a material receiving plate; 411. a drive shaft; 412. a driven shaft; 413. a drive sprocket; 414. a driven sprocket; 415. a chain; 416. a connecting plate; 421. a saw disc cutter roll shaft; 422. a saw disc blade; 521. straight cutting; 522. a hob head; 523. a roll shaft; 621. a pin shaft; 622. a pin shaft frame; 623. a sleeve; 721. a delivery shaft; 722. a helical blade; 101. a first drive pulley; 102. a second transmission wheel; 103. a third transmission wheel; 104. a fourth transmission wheel; 105. a fifth transmission wheel; 106. a sixth transmission wheel; 107. a seventh transmission wheel; 108. an eighth transmission wheel; 109. a ninth transmission wheel; 1010. a tenth transmission wheel; 111. a first belt; 112. a second belt; 113. a third belt; 114. a fourth belt; 115. a fifth belt; 1012. a tension wheel; 1013. a tension wheel base; 1014. a first gear; 1015. a second gear; 1016. a chute; 403. a compression chamber; 404. a feeding baffle plate; 405. a discharge baffle; 4031. a feeding port; 4032. a discharge port; 4011. an electric motor; 4012. a hydraulic pump; 4013. a control box; 4014. a hydraulic oil tank; 4015. a first hydraulic cylinder; 4016. a second hydraulic cylinder; 4017. and a third hydraulic cylinder.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention.

It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that the upper and lower limits of the range, and each intervening value therebetween, is specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

As shown in fig. 1, in a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for preparing straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer, comprising the following steps:

1) the straw is subjected to on-site filamentation treatment by adopting a straw filamentation machine 100 to obtain straw filaments, the natural water content of the straw filaments is measured, the straw filaments are composed of water and dry matter of the straw filaments,

2) carrying out dry-wet separation and impurity removal treatment on the excrement to obtain dry excrement substances and wet excrement substances, measuring the natural moisture content of the excrement, wherein the excrement consists of the dry excrement substances and the wet excrement substances, and the mass of impurities in the excrement is negligible;the feces in the subsequent steps refers to the feces after impurity removal, and comprises feces dry matters and feces wet matters;

3) determining the using amount of the straw filaments and the excrement according to a preset moisture content requirement of a fertilizer source material and a preset mixing ratio requirement of straw filament dry matter and excrement dry matter, preferably, the moisture content of the fertilizer source material is 45% -65%, the mixing ratio of the straw filament dry matter to the excrement dry matter is 2: 3-3: 2, and the natural moisture content of the straw filaments measured in the step 1) and the natural moisture content of the excrement measured in the step 2) are combined;

4) respectively weighing the straw filaments and the excrement according to the using amounts of the straw filaments and the excrement, and stirring and mixing the straw filaments and the excrement to obtain a fertilizer source material;

5) and (2) spraying a microbial agent to the fertilizer source material, preferably, the microbial agent comprises bacillus licheniformis, the mass ratio of the microbial agent to the fertilizer source material is 0.5-3: 1000, the spraying speed of the microbial agent is 50-200 mL/min, the fertilizer source material sprayed with the microbial agent is compressed into blocks according to a preset compression ratio, the compression ratio refers to the volume ratio of the compressed fertilizer to the compressed fertilizer, preferably 1: 2-1: 4, and the blocks are bagged, composted and fermented to obtain the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer.

The decomposing environment of the invention is preferably local and nearby, and the decomposing fermentation can be carried out in the field or the periphery of the farm, and the specific decomposing time is adjusted according to the temperature, the humidity, the use requirement and the like of the natural environment.

The following illustrates the method for determining the amount of straw silk and manure in step 3):

presetting the requirement that the moisture content of fertilizer source materials is 45%, the ratio of straw filament dry matters to feces dry matters is 2:3, and the mass of micro-storage block pressing blocks is 60 kg/block, then: the water content of the fertilizer source material is 60kg multiplied by 45 percent which is 27kg, the dry matter weight in the fertilizer source material is 60kg multiplied by (1-45 percent) which is 33kg, namely the total weight of the straw silk dry matter and the feces dry matter is 33 kg.

The proportion of the straw silk dry matter to the total amount of the fertilizer source material dry matter is 2/(2+3) ═ 40%, the proportion of the manure dry matter to the total amount of the fertilizer source material dry matter is 3/(2+3) ═ 60%, the mass of the straw silk dry matter is 33kg multiplied by 40% ═ 10.8kg, and the mass of the manure dry matter is 33kg multiplied by 60% ═ 13.2 kg.

Assuming that the measured natural moisture content of the straw filaments is 15%, the ratio of the dry matter mass of the straw filaments to the required straw mass is 1-15% ═ 85%, and the total weight of the straw filaments to be weighed is 10.8 kg/85% ~ 12.71kg, i.e. about 13kg of straw is required in this example.

Assuming that the measured natural moisture content of the excrement is 70%, the proportion of the dry matter mass of the excrement to the required mass of the excrement is 1-70% ~ 30%, and the total mass of the excrement to be weighed is 13.2kg ÷ 30% ~ 44kg, i.e. about 44kg of excrement in this example.

In this embodiment, the amount of water injected by the microbial agent is negligible;

through calculation, the total amount of the straws and the excrement is required to be 13kg plus 44kg, 57kg is less than the preset 60kg, the main reason is that the moisture content of the straws is low, and about 3kg of water can be added to ensure the decomposition effect; in practice, the calculated result is larger than the preset weight, and the main reason is that the water content of the feces is large, and water is pressed out in the compression process; in the actual agricultural production, reasonable fluctuation exists in material demand and forming quality.

The straws of the invention are straws of bulk crops such as corn, rice, wheat, sorghum and the like, the water content is 10-60%, and the shape is whole plant, square bundle or round bundle; the excrement is the excrement of livestock and poultry intensively bred by beef cattle, dairy cows, live pigs, laying hens, broilers, mutton sheep and the like, and the water content is 35 to 80 percent after dry-wet separation, sterilization and impurity removal treatment; the microbial agent is a liquid and powder tissue culture compound microbial agent, and the effective viable count is 3-7 per mill.

In a second aspect of the invention, the straw-manure micro-storage fertilizer obtained by the preparation method of the first aspect of the invention is provided.