阅读说明：本技术 三维射流与二维壁面射流组合式鱼道 (Three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway ) 是由 董志勇 黄洲 于 2019-09-16 设计创作，主要内容包括：三维射流与二维壁面射流组合式鱼道,包括装置本体,所述装置本体沿长度方向设有一水道,所述装置本体的上游端设有与水道连通的进水口,下游端设有出流堰；所述水道沿水流方向顺次划分为入流段、工作段和出流段,所述工作段拆卸式安装多块竖隔板,使得工作段的水道经若干块竖隔板分隔成多个区域,且竖隔板上设有过鱼孔；竖隔板其中一侧边与水道槽壁之间留有过鱼竖缝,其中过鱼竖缝的底端延伸至水道底板处,上端延伸至竖隔板上沿处,其中过鱼孔、过鱼竖缝共同作为过鱼通道。本发明的有益效果是：具有结构简单、形式多样、易于制作、便于维护、经济实用、水力特性优,可以产生鱼类洄游所需紊动区和旋涡区的优点。(The three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall surface jet flow combined fishway comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged on the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is formed in the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is formed in the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of areas by the vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, the bottom end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, the upper end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate, and the fish passing hole and the fish passing vertical seam are jointly used as a fish passing channel. The invention has the beneficial effects that: the device has the advantages of simple structure, various forms, easy manufacture, convenient maintenance, economy, practicality, excellent hydraulic characteristics and capability of generating turbulent fluctuation areas and vortex areas required by fish migration.)

1. Three-dimensional efflux and two-dimensional wall surface efflux combination formula fishway, its characterized in that: the device comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged in the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is arranged at the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is arranged at the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of test areas by a plurality of vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish-passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, wherein the bottom end of the fish-passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, and the upper end of the fish-passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate.

2. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 1, wherein: the water channel bottom plate clamped between the upstream vertical partition plate and the downstream vertical partition plate is a stepped bottom plate, the height of the steps of the stepped bottom plate is gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the joint of two adjacent steps is correspondingly provided with one vertical partition plate.

3. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 2, wherein: the vertical clapboard is vertical to the water channel bottom plate.

4. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 1, wherein: the fish passing holes are rectangular holes or elliptical holes.

5. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 4, wherein: the fish passing holes are rectangular holes, the long edges of the rectangular holes are perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular holes is 3: 2.

6. The three-dimensional jet and two-dimensional wall jet combined fishway of claim 5, wherein: the fish passing holes are elliptical holes, and the central axis of the long axis of each elliptical hole is perpendicular to the bottom plate of the corresponding test area.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall surface jet flow combined fishway.

Background

Coastal fishes in our province have rich resources and numerous migratory fishes, such as reeves shad, anchovy, weever, sole, silverfish and the like, and the fishes are required to lay eggs or perform bait fattening in rivers and lakes. After the tidal barrier is built, a continuous system is changed in aspects of energy flow, material circulation, information transmission and the like, so that the habitat conditions and the hydrological situation required by the survival of fishes in life are changed. In order to communicate with a migration channel of fishes and maintain the diversity of organisms, a fishway is usually arranged in a tidal gate hub so as to achieve the purpose of harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment. The fish passing effect of the fishway is related to the hydraulic characteristics of the fishway pool chamber and the upstream habit of the fishes, and the fishes cannot simply pass through a channel for the fishes, so that the fishes can go upstream along the channel gently. Statistics have shown that in fishways established around the world, less than half of the fishways through which fish can swim back are available. Therefore, the fish-tracing habit, i.e. the ecological hydraulic fishway, should be considered in the fishway design.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems, the invention provides a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway according to the favorite water layer of the fish.

The invention relates to a three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow combined fishway, which is characterized in that: the device comprises a device body, wherein a water channel is arranged in the device body along the length direction, a water inlet communicated with the water channel is arranged at the upstream end of the device body, and an outflow weir is arranged at the downstream end of the device body; the water channel is sequentially divided into an inflow section, a working section and an outflow section along the water flow direction, the working section is detachably provided with a plurality of vertical clapboards, so that the water channel of the working section is divided into a plurality of test areas by a plurality of vertical clapboards, and the vertical clapboards are provided with fish passing holes; a fish passing vertical seam is reserved between one side edge of the vertical partition plate and the wall of the water channel, the bottom end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the bottom plate of the water channel, the upper end of the fish passing vertical seam extends to the upper edge of the vertical partition plate, and the fish passing hole and the fish passing vertical seam are jointly used as a fish passing channel.

The water channel bottom plate clamped between the upstream vertical partition plate and the downstream vertical partition plate is a stepped bottom plate, the height of the steps of the stepped bottom plate is gradually reduced along the water flow direction, and the joint of two adjacent steps is correspondingly provided with one vertical partition plate.

The vertical clapboard is vertical to the water channel bottom plate.

The fish passing holes are rectangular holes or elliptical holes.

The fish passing holes are rectangular holes, the long edges of the rectangular holes are perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate corresponding to the test area, and the length-width ratio of the rectangular holes is 3: 2.

The fish passing holes are elliptical holes, the central axis of the major axis of each elliptical hole is perpendicular to the water channel bottom plate of the corresponding test area, and the elliptical curveThe long half shaft is a, the short half shaft is b, a: and b is 3: 2.

The fish passing holes in the fish passing channel are divided into a middle hole and a bottom hole according to different distribution positions of the fish passing holes on the vertical partition plate, the middle hole refers to the central position of the partition plate submerged in water (the middle hole position can be designed according to the average water depth of years), and the bottom hole refers to the lowest point of an orifice tangent to a river bed.

The fish-passing vertical seam is designed to leave a fixed residual height at the top end of the partition plate, and the specification and the size of the fish-passing vertical seam are mainly determined by the downward discharge quantity of the tidal sluice and the type of fish-passing.

The conception of the invention is as follows: turbulent regions and vortex regions required by fish migration can be generated based on three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow, migration fish schools are guided to smoothly trace to inland rivers and lakes through fishways to lay eggs or perform cable bait fattening, the diversity of upstream water system organisms is maintained, and the harmonious development of water resource development and ecological environment is promoted.

The combined type test device can select different fishes according to the preference of the fishes by arranging the fish passing holes and the fish passing vertical seams on the vertical partition plates.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the water flow through the orifice is three-dimensional jet flow, and the water flow through the vertical seam is two-dimensional wall jet flow, namely, the water flow in the whole water channel has both three-dimensional jet flow and two-dimensional wall jet flow, and can generate turbulent regions and vortex regions required by fish migration.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of the present invention (arrow direction represents water flow direction, H is vertical partition height, Δ H is weir head slope between adjacent vertical partitions).

Fig. 2a is a front view of a vertical separator of the present invention (the central hole is a rectangular hole).

FIG. 2b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.

Figure 2c is a top view of the present invention.

Figure 3a is a front view of the vertical partition of the present invention (the bottom hole is a rectangular hole).

FIG. 3b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.

Figure 3c is a top view of the present invention.

Figure 4a is a front view of a vertical partition of the invention (the central hole is an elliptical hole).

FIG. 4b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.

Figure 4c is a top view of the present invention.

Fig. 5a is a front view of the vertical partition of the present invention (the bottom hole is an elliptical hole).

FIG. 5b is a side view of the vertical partition of the present invention.

Figure 5c is a top view of the present invention.

Detailed Description

The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

With reference to the accompanying drawings: