阅读说明：本技术 一种急倾斜极薄矿脉削壁充填采矿法采场结构布置方式 (Stope structure arrangement mode of steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein cut-wall filling mining method ) 是由 汪为平 李宁 刘海林 肖益盖 王雨波 李鹏飞 刘帅 于 2019-10-14 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种急倾斜极薄矿脉削壁充填采矿法采场结构布置方式,从两侧人行通风天井沿着底柱(15)上边界向矿块内部掘进拉底空间,在中段运输巷道(10)靠近矿体上盘一侧向上掘进若干顺路溜井作为溜矿井,分别在上、下盘削壁围岩(8)钻凿削壁孔(4),在极薄矿脉(1)钻凿落矿孔(9),在矿岩接触面(2)钻凿预裂孔(3),崩落后的上、下盘削壁围岩(8)形成废石充填体(6),再用尾砂胶结充填形成尾砂胶结充填体(5),最终形成“尾砂胶结充填体(5)－废石充填体(6)－尾砂胶结充填体(5)”的混合充填体。本发明提高了混合充填体强度,实现控制围岩变形目的,并利用尾砂胶结充填体(5)作为落矿平台,避免了矿石二次贫化。(The invention discloses a structural arrangement mode of a mining field adopting a steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein wall-cutting filling mining method, wherein a bottom-pulling space is tunneled from pedestrian ventilation patios at two sides to the interior of an ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar (15), a plurality of off-road chutes are tunneled upwards at one side of a middle section transportation roadway (10) close to an ore body upper plate to serve as chute shafts, wall-cutting holes (4) are respectively drilled in upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks (8), ore-dropping holes (9) are drilled in extremely-thin ore veins (1), pre-cracking holes (3) are drilled in an ore rock contact surface (2), the upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks (8) after collapse form waste rock filling bodies (6), and then tailing cemented filling is used for forming tailing cemented filling bodies (5) -waste rock filling bodies (6) -tailing cemented filling bodies (5) to finally form mixed filling bodies of tailing cemented filling bodies (5). The invention improves the strength of the mixed filling body, realizes the purpose of controlling the deformation of the surrounding rock, and avoids secondary dilution of the ore by using the tailing cemented filling body (5) as a ore falling platform.)

1. The utility model provides a steeply incline extremely thin ore vein paring cut filling mining method stope structure arrangement mode, the average thickness of ore deposit is at 0.5 ~ 1.2 meters, and the ore vein inclination is 65 ~ 75, its characterized in that:

tunneling middle-section transportation roadways (10) every 30-60 m in an ore body along the vertical direction of the ore vein to divide the ultrathin ore vein (1) into a plurality of middle sections; dividing the ultra-thin vein (1) into a plurality of ore blocks every 20-70 m along the trend of an ore body, reserving top pillars (14) with the thickness of 3-7 m at the tops of the ore blocks, reserving bottom pillars (15) with the thickness of 3-7 m at the bottoms of the ore blocks, and tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise (12) upwards at two sides of each ore block to communicate an upper middle section air return roadway (7) and a middle section transportation roadway (10); digging a bottom-pulling space (16) towards the interior of an ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar (15) in pedestrian ventilation patios (12) at two sides, wherein the height of the bottom-pulling space (16) is 3-7 m, a plurality of off-road chutes (13) serving as ore chutes are upward dug at one side of a middle section haulage roadway (10) close to an ore body footwall, and the distance between every two adjacent off-road chutes (13) is 10-15 m; wall cutting holes (4) are formed in wall cutting surrounding rocks (8) on the upper and lower discs, ore breaking holes (9) are drilled in the extremely thin ore vein (1), and pre-cracking holes (3) are drilled in an ore rock contact surface (2); the upper and lower disc wall cutting surrounding rocks (8) which are collapsed form a waste rock filling body (6); and (3) adopting tailing cemented filling of a tailing cemented filling body (5) with the height of 0.3-0.6 m on the waste rock filling body (6) to finally form a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body (5), the waste rock filling body (6) and the tailing cemented filling body (5).

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the stope structure is characterized by comprising: the height of each middle section is 40-50 m, the length of each ore block is 30-60 m, the thickness of each top pillar (14) and each bottom pillar (15) is 4-6 m, the height of each bottom pulling space (16) is 4-6 m, and the distance between adjacent off-road orepasses (13) is 12-15 m; the height of the tailing cemented filling body (5) is 0.4-0.5 m.

3. The stope structure arrangement for steep ultra-thin vein underground filling mining according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: the depth difference value among the wall cutting hole (4), the ore falling hole (9) and the pre-splitting hole (3) is controlled within the range of 0-0.2 m.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of underground mining, and particularly relates to a filling mining method of a thin vein, which is particularly suitable for filling mining of a steeply inclined and extremely thin vein with the average thickness of a mineral seam of 0.5-1.2 m and the dip angle of the vein of 65-75 degrees.

Background

The steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein has complex occurrence conditions and is a complex and difficult-to-mine ore deposit type in the development process of mineral resources. Few mining methods are currently available for mining such ore bodies. Data analysis shows that the mining methods for mining the ultrathin veins in China mostly use a comprehensive method, an shrinkage mining method, a cut-wall filling mining method and deformation schemes thereof, other mining methods are less in use, and compared with developed countries of mining industry, the mining methods have a considerable gap, and the common problems are as follows: low degree of mechanized operation, high labor intensity of workers, low production capacity of a stope, high dilution loss rate, potential safety hazard and the like.

In metal mines in China, thin ore deposits occupy a certain proportion, and many precious metal ore deposits and rare metal ore deposits belong to extremely thin ore deposits, and particularly the proportion of the ore deposits in molybdenum, tin, gold, silver and the like is large. According to the existing data, most of the rock-gold veins in China are gold-containing quartz veins, thin veins with the thickness of 0.8-4 m and extremely thin veins with the thickness of less than 0.8 m. Because the thickness of the ore body is relatively thin, in order to ensure the necessary operation space, a separate mining and filling mining method is generally adopted for stoping.

The summary of the mining methods of the steeply dipping thin veins is summarized in the text of the research on the method of the steeply dipping thin veins published in 3 months in 2018 of world nonferrous metals, and mainly comprises the following steps:

(1) a sublevel stope subsequent filling method: the method comprises the steps of horizontally arranging ore rooms and ore pillars in sections, arranging a rock drilling gallery close to the lower wall of an ore body, drilling medium-length holes parallel to the inclination of the ore body upwards in the rock drilling gallery, enabling the distance between blast holes to be 0.8-1.2 m and the row spacing to be 1.2-1.5 m, blasting and ore falling row by taking a cutting raise as a free surface, and filling a goaf by using a subsequent barren rock filling method after ore removal is completed.

(2) A sublevel rock drilling middle-section ore removal subsequent filling method: parallel medium-length holes are drilled in a segmented rock drilling roadway, in order to prevent adjacent blast hole bottoms from being drilled through, the distance between the blast hole bottoms is controlled to be larger than 0.5m, then a cutting raise is expanded to form a vertical cutting groove, the cutting groove is used as a free surface to perform row-by-row blasting after the medium-length holes are charged and connected, ore is removed by means of mechanical shovel loading equipment, and the mining is performed in a retreating mode from the middle to two sides. The upper and lower adjacent sections are in step-shaped stoping, and the stoping of the upper section is advanced to that of the lower section.

(3) Sublevel caving method without sill pillar: when ore body stoping is carried out, the sublevel transportation roadway is arranged on the lower wall of the ore body, a rock drilling roadway is arranged in the ore body along the trend, upward parallel medium-length holes are drilled in the rock drilling roadway, the distance between blast hole holes is 0.8-1.2 m, the distance between blast hole rows is 1.2-1.5 m, and after fractional blasting, the rock drilling roadway is used as a mine removal roadway and a scraper is used for mine removal. Between adjacent sections, the mining is segmented from top to bottom.

However, the three methods are not suitable for mining the steeply inclined and extremely thin veins with the average thickness of the ore body of 0.5-1.2 m and the inclination angle of 65-75 degrees.

Chinese patent 201710856936.8 discloses a controlled blasting method for improving the ore-breaking efficiency of the cut wall filling method, the technical scheme is as follows: firstly, carrying out rock drilling blasting twice in a mine vein and carrying out concentrated ore removal once, then drilling a wall-cutting blast hole on an upper wall surrounding rock or a lower wall surrounding rock to be subjected to wall cutting, carrying out wall-cutting hole blasting surrounding rock to fill a stope, and repeating the steps until the stope recovery is finished. Although the method improves ore breaking efficiency and reduces mixing rate of waste rocks, the method also has the following technical defects:

(1) the secondary rock drilling operation position of the ore vein is positioned at the boundary of the surrounding rock on the upper wall or the lower wall, so that the rock drilling efficiency is low, and the blasting effect of secondary ore falling under the clamping action is poor;

(2) although the ore body and the surrounding rock are blasted in a grading way, the ore mining cannot be realized in a grading way, so that the ore dilution rate is higher;

(3) and the gob is completely filled with the waste rocks, so that the deformation effect of the surrounding rock is poor.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a structural arrangement mode of a mining field adopting a steep-dip extremely-thin ore vein paring and filling mining method, aiming at the defects in the prior art, and the aims of improving the rock drilling efficiency, reducing the ore dilution rate and controlling the deformation of surrounding rocks are fulfilled by reasonably arranging the paring position, the blast hole depth, the ore falling sequence, the waste rock filling body thickness and the tailing cemented filling body thickness.

In order to realize the purpose, the invention relates to a structural arrangement mode of a steeply inclined extremely thin vein cut wall filling mining stope, the average thickness of a mineral seam is 0.5-1.2 m, the dip angle of the vein is 65-75 degrees, and the technical scheme is as follows:

tunneling a middle-section transportation roadway (10) every 30-60 m from top to bottom along the vertical direction of the vein to divide the ultrathin vein (1) into a plurality of middle sections, wherein the height of each middle section is preferably 40-50 m; dividing the ultra-thin vein (1) into a plurality of ore blocks every 20-70 m along the trend of an ore body, reserving top pillars (14) with the thickness of 3-7 m at the tops of the ore blocks, reserving bottom pillars (15) with the thickness of 3-7 m at the bottoms of the ore blocks, and preferably setting the thicknesses of the top pillars (14) and the bottom pillars (15) to be 4-6 m; respectively tunneling a pedestrian ventilation raise upwards on two sides of the ore block to communicate the upper middle section air return roadway (7) and the middle section transportation roadway (10); tunneling a bottom-pulling space (16) from pedestrian ventilation patios (12) on two sides to the interior of the ore block along the upper boundary of the bottom pillar (15), wherein the height of the bottom-pulling space (16) is 3-7 m, preferably 4-6 m; upwards tunneling a plurality of off-road ore chutes (13) as ore chutes on one side of a middle section haulage roadway (10) close to an ore body footwall, wherein the distance between adjacent off-road ore chutes (13) is 10-15 m, and generally 10-15 m; drilling cutting wall holes (4) in upper and lower disc wall cutting surrounding rocks (8), drilling ore breaking holes (9) in an extremely thin ore vein (1), drilling pre-splitting holes (3) on an ore rock contact surface, controlling the depth difference value among the cutting wall holes (4), the ore breaking holes (9) and the pre-splitting holes (3) to be within the range of 0-0.2 m, and preferably keeping the blast hole depth of the pre-splitting holes (3), the ore breaking holes (9) and the wall cutting holes (4) the same; the upper and lower disc wall cutting surrounding rocks (8) after collapse form a waste stone filling body (6); and (3) adopting tailing cemented filling of a tailing cemented filling body (5) with the height of 0.3-0.6 m on the waste rock filling body (6) to finally form a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body (5), the waste rock filling body (6) and the tailing cemented filling body (5). The height of the tailing cemented filling body (5) is preferably controlled within the range of 0.35-0.45 m.

Furthermore, in order to prevent the waste rocks from leaving the pit, the sum of the volumes of the operation space, the waste rock filling body and the tailing cemented filling body is just equal to the volume of the goaf.

After the technical scheme is adopted, the stope structure arrangement mode of the steeply inclined extremely-thin vein cut-wall filling mining method has the following beneficial effects:

(1) and (3) performing tailing cemented filling on the waste rock filling body for 0.3-0.6 m to form a mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body, the waste rock filling body and the tailing cemented filling body, wherein the mixed filling body can obviously improve the strength of the mixed filling body and effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock.

(2) The caving ore is piled on the surface of the flat tailing filling body, so that the ore pile is isolated from the waste rocks, and secondary dilution of the ore is avoided; the ore is removed from the surface of the flat tailing filling body by adopting a scraper or a small scraper, so that the ore removal efficiency can be obviously improved.

(3) The vein is blasted before surrounding rock, and the pre-cracked holes are arranged at the position of the rock contact surface for the same-time advanced falling hole differential blasting, so that the ore and rock sub-mining is realized in a real sense, and the ore dilution rate is obviously reduced.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structural arrangement of a cut-wall cut-and-fill stope of a steeply dipping ultra-thin vein of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of area A of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a stope structure arrangement of the steep ultra-thin vein cut-wall cut-and-fill mining method of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a view A-A of FIG. 3;

FIG. 5 is a view B-B of FIG. 1;

FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of an initial stage of mining;

fig. 7 is a view a-a of fig. 6.

Labeled as: 1-extra-thin veins; 2-the ore rock interface; 3-pre-splitting holes; 4-paring a hole; 5-tailing cementing the filling body; 6-waste rock filling body; 7-middle section return airway; 8-paring surrounding rock; 9-ore falling holes; 10-middle section transportation roadway; 11-caving the heap; 12-pedestrian ventilation patio; 13-pass; 14-a top pillar; 15-bottom pillar; 16-a bottoming space.

Detailed Description

To better describe the present invention, the following will describe in further detail the arrangement of the stope structure of the steeply dipping ultra-thin vein cut-wall stoping method according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the embodiment, the average thickness of the ore bed is 0.72 m, the dip angle of the ore vein is 68.5 degrees, and the ore bed belongs to a steeply inclined extremely thin ore vein.

As shown in fig. 1, the schematic diagram of the structural arrangement of the mining site adopting the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method of the invention is combined with fig. 2 and fig. 3, and the structural arrangement of the mining site adopting the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method of the invention divides the ultrathin vein 1 into a plurality of middle sections by tunneling middle section haulage roadways 10 every 50m in an ore body along the vertical direction of the vein; the ultra-thin vein 1 is divided into a plurality of ore blocks every 50m along the trend of an ore body, a top pillar 14 with the thickness of 5m is reserved at the top of the ore block, a bottom pillar 15 with the thickness of 5m is reserved at the bottom of the ore block, and two pedestrian ventilation patios 12 are respectively tunneled upwards on two sides of the ore block to be communicated with an upper middle section air return roadway 7 and a middle section haulage roadway 10.

As shown in the initial schematic diagram of ore block mining shown in fig. 6 and combined with fig. 7, a bottom-drawing space 16 is tunneled from pedestrian ventilation patios 12 on two sides to the interior of the ore block along the upper boundary of a bottom pillar 15, the height of the bottom-drawing space 16 is 5m, a plurality of off-road chutes 13 are tunneled upwards on one side of a middle-section haulage roadway 10 close to an ore body footwall to serve as ore chutes, and the distance between the adjacent off-road chutes 13 is 12 m;

as shown in fig. 1, the schematic diagram of the structural arrangement of the stope adopting the steep ultrathin vein wall-cutting filling mining method of the invention is combined with fig. 2, fig. 3, fig. 4 and fig. 5, after the ore block is subjected to the bottom-drawing work, wall-cutting holes 4 are drilled in upper and lower wall-cutting surrounding rocks 8, a ore-dropping hole 9 is drilled in an ultrathin vein 1, and a pre-cracking hole 3 is drilled in an ore rock contact surface 2; the depth difference value of the wall cutting hole 4, the ore falling hole 9 and the pre-splitting hole 3 is controlled within the range of 0-0.1 m; and blasting the wall-cutting holes 4, and forming waste rock filling bodies 6 by the upper and lower disc wall-cutting surrounding rocks 8 after the collapse.

In order to prevent the caving ore pile 11 from falling on the waste rock filling body 6 and effectively control the deformation of the surrounding rock, the waste rock filling body 6 is leveled before ore falling, and then the tailing cemented filling body is cemented and filled for 0.4m to form the tailing cemented filling body 5.

The schematic drawing of ore breakage in the stope structure arrangement mode of the steep ultrathin vein paring and filling mining method shown in fig. 3 and combined with fig. 4 show that after the tailing cemented filling body 5 reaches the specified curing strength, the same-time differential blasting of the pre-cracked holes 3 and the ore breakage holes 9 is carried out, the pre-cracked holes 3 are blasted in advance of the ore breakage holes 9, and the lead time is 10-30 ms; the caving ore pile 11 falls on the tailing cemented filling body 5; after ore falling is completed, the ore is transported to a smooth pass shaft 13 by a small scraper or a scraper, and then is transported to a shaft bottom yard by a middle section haulage roadway 10.

After ore removal is finished, the steps 2), 3), 4) and 5) are carried out from bottom to top, and finally the mixed filling body of the tailing cemented filling body 5, the waste rock filling body 6 and the tailing cemented filling body 5 is formed until the whole ore block is completely mined.

It should be noted that, in order to avoid the waste rock entering the caving ore pile 11 to cause the ore to be depleted again, the blasting sequence of the ore rocks is strictly controlled, so that the blasting of the ore vein precedes the blasting of the surrounding rocks.