阅读说明：本技术 过热蒸汽生产系统及过热蒸汽生产方法 (Superheated steam production system and superheated steam production method ) 是由 郝文涛 杨星团 郭文利 刘振磊 张亚军 于 2019-10-12 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及核能应用技术领域,提供过热蒸汽生产系统及过热蒸汽生产方法,过热蒸汽生产系统包括：蒸汽过热器；压水反应堆,所述压水反应堆产生的热水至少部分流经所述蒸汽过热器,将所述蒸汽过热器中的饱和蒸汽加热形成过热蒸汽。本发明不会出现饱和蒸汽在传输过程中易凝结,出现液滴或液雾的现象,便于远距离传输,满足远距离工业用户的需求,提高了蒸汽输送距离和利用率。(The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear energy application, and provides a superheated steam production system and a superheated steam production method, wherein the superheated steam production system comprises: a steam superheater; a pressurized water reactor, wherein hot water generated by the pressurized water reactor at least partially flows through the steam superheater to heat saturated steam in the steam superheater to form superheated steam. The invention does not generate the phenomena of easy condensation of saturated steam and liquid drop or liquid fog in the transmission process, is convenient for long-distance transmission, meets the requirements of long-distance industrial users, and improves the steam transmission distance and the utilization rate.)

1. A superheated steam production system, comprising:

a steam superheater;

a pressurized water reactor, wherein hot water generated by the pressurized water reactor at least partially flows through the steam superheater to heat saturated steam in the steam superheater to form superheated steam.

2. A superheated steam production system according to claim 1 wherein the primary side of the steam superheater is connected in parallel to a hot water line of the pressurized water reactor.

3. A superheated steam production system according to claim 2 wherein the hot water line is provided with a regulating valve between the primary side inlet of the steam superheater and the primary side outlet of the steam superheater.

4. The superheated steam production system of claim 1, further comprising:

a steam generator;

the outlet of the hot water pipeline is connected to the primary side inlet of the steam generator, and the primary side outlet of the steam generator is connected to the pressurized water reactor through a circulation loop;

and a secondary side inlet of the steam generator is connected with a water supply pipeline, and a secondary side outlet of the steam generator is connected to a secondary side inlet of the steam superheater and used for providing saturated steam for the steam superheater.

5. A superheated steam production system according to claim 4 wherein a circulation pump is provided in the circulation loop.

6. The superheated steam production system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the steam superheater comprises a housing and a heat transfer tube disposed within the housing;

and the inlet and the outlet of the heat transfer pipe extend out of the shell and are connected with the hot water pipeline.

7. A superheated steam production system according to claim 6, wherein the heat transfer tubes are U-tubes, spiral tubes or serpentine tubes.

8. The superheated steam production system of claim 6, wherein the steam superheater is provided separately from the steam generator or the steam superheater is integrated into an upper steam space within the steam generator.

9. A superheated steam production method is characterized in that a pressurized water reactor is used as a heat source to heat water; and introducing part or all of the heated water into the primary side of the steam superheater, and heating the saturated steam at the secondary side of the steam superheater to a superheated state by using part or all of the heat to form superheated steam.

10. The superheated steam production method according to claim 9, wherein the hot water flowing out from the primary side of the steam superheater is mixed with the hot water that has not passed through the steam superheater and is introduced into the primary side of the steam generator, the secondary side water of the steam generator is heated by most of the heat to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam flowing out from the secondary side of the steam generator is introduced into the secondary side of the steam superheater and is heated to become the superheated steam.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear energy application, in particular to a superheated steam production system and a superheated steam production method.

Background

The steam has wide application in daily life and industrial production process, and the nuclear reactor is used for supplying the steam, so that the consumption of fossil energy is reduced, and the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced.

A traditional pressurized water reactor generally adopts a saturated natural circulation steam generator, the heat of a reactor core is led out through the circulation of a reactor coolant system, and the reactor coolant can directly flow through the primary side of the steam generator; or transferring heat to the intermediate isolated heat transfer circuit through a heat exchanger, the medium of the intermediate isolated heat transfer circuit flowing through the primary side of the steam generator. After the water on the secondary side of the steam generator absorbs the heat of the water on the primary side, the water is vaporized to generate saturated steam, and the generated saturated steam is used for generating power or supplying heat for a steam turbine.

However, saturated steam is easy to condense in the transmission process, liquid drops or liquid mist occurs, so that the requirements of long-distance industrial users cannot be met, and the steam conveying distance and the steam utilization rate are limited.

Disclosure of Invention

The present invention is directed to solving at least one of the problems of the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a superheated steam production system to solve the problems of short saturated steam conveying and low steam utilization rate.

The invention also provides a superheated steam production method.

A superheated steam production system according to an embodiment of a first aspect of the invention comprises:

a steam superheater;

a pressurized water reactor, wherein hot water generated by the pressurized water reactor at least partially flows through the steam superheater to heat saturated steam in the steam superheater to form superheated steam.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the primary side of the steam superheater is connected in parallel to the hot water line of the pressurized water reactor.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the hot water line is provided with a regulating valve between a primary side inlet of the steam superheater and a primary side outlet of the steam superheater.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:

a steam generator;

the outlet of the hot water pipeline is connected to the primary side inlet of the steam generator, and the primary side outlet of the steam generator is connected to the pressurized water reactor through a circulation loop;

and a secondary side inlet of the steam generator is connected with a water supply pipeline, and a secondary side outlet of the steam generator is connected to a secondary side inlet of the steam superheater and used for providing saturated steam for the steam superheater.

According to one embodiment of the invention, a circulation pump is arranged on the circulation loop.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the steam superheater comprises a shell and a heat transfer pipe arranged in the shell;

and the inlet and the outlet of the heat transfer pipe extend out of the shell and are connected with the hot water pipeline.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer pipe may employ, but is not limited to, a U-shaped pipe, a spiral pipe, or a serpentine pipe.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the steam superheater is arranged separately from the steam generator or the steam superheater is integrated into the upper steam space within the steam generator.

In a method for producing superheated steam according to an embodiment of the second aspect of the present invention, a pressurized water reactor is used as a heat source to heat water; and introducing part or all of the heated water into the primary side of the steam superheater, and heating the saturated steam at the secondary side of the steam superheater to a superheated state by using part or all of the heat to form superheated steam.

According to one embodiment of the present invention, hot water flowing out of the primary side of the steam superheater is mixed with hot water that does not flow through the steam superheater, and then introduced into the primary side of the steam generator, and the secondary side water of the steam generator is heated by most of the heat to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam flowing out of the secondary side of the steam generator is introduced into the secondary side of the steam superheater and heated to become the superheated steam.

One or more technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention have at least one of the following technical effects:

the superheated steam production system provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises: the system comprises a steam superheater and a pressurized water reactor for providing a heat source for the steam superheater, wherein hot water generated by the pressurized water reactor at least partially flows through the steam superheater to heat saturated steam in the steam superheater to form superheated steam. The embodiment of the invention adopts the pressurized water reactor as a heat source to produce superheated steam, can replace the traditional industrial boiler, and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases; based on the mature nuclear power saturated steam technology, extra electric power or fossil fuel is not required to be consumed, and the method has the advantages of simple thermodynamic system and strong economic competitiveness. In addition, superheated steam can not carry moisture in the transmission process because of the existence of superheat degree, is always in a dry state, can not appear that saturated steam is easy to condense in the transmission process, and the phenomenon of liquid drop or liquid fog appears, and the remote transmission of being convenient for satisfies remote industrial user's demand, has improved steam transport distance and utilization ratio.

In addition, high-temperature water flowing out of the primary side of the steam superheater and high-temperature water not flowing through the steam superheater are mixed and then introduced into the primary side of the steam generator, and the heat of the high-temperature water is used for heating feedwater at the secondary side of the steam generator to generate saturated steam; introducing saturated steam into the secondary side of the steam superheater to form continuous steam circulation; the cold water after heat exchange, which flows out from the primary side of the steam generator, is re-fed into the pressurized water reactor, thereby forming a re-circulation.

In addition, in the embodiment of the invention, the process of changing the water phase into the steam is carried out in the steam generator, and the problems of scaling and corrosion on the surface of the heat transfer pipe in the superheated steam generator can be avoided.

Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and, in part, will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.

Drawings

In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a superheated steam production system provided by one embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a superheated steam production system according to another embodiment of the present invention;

reference numerals:

101: a pressurized water reactor; 102: a steam superheater; 102-1: a housing; 102-2: a heat transfer tube; 103: a steam generator; 104: a circulation pump; 105: and adjusting the valve.

Detailed Description

The embodiments of the present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are intended to illustrate the invention but are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on those shown in the drawings, and are only for convenience in describing the embodiments of the present invention and simplifying the description, but do not indicate or imply that the referred devices or elements must have a specific orientation, be constructed in a specific orientation, and be operated, and thus, should not be construed as limiting the embodiments of the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

In the description of the embodiments of the present invention, it should be noted that, unless explicitly stated or limited otherwise, the terms "connected" and "connected" are to be interpreted broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally connected; can be mechanically or electrically connected; may be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate. Specific meanings of the above terms in the embodiments of the present invention can be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.

In embodiments of the invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, the first feature "on" or "under" the second feature may be directly contacting the first and second features or indirectly contacting the first and second features through intervening media. Also, a first feature "on," "over," and "above" a second feature may be directly or diagonally above the second feature, or may simply indicate that the first feature is at a higher level than the second feature. A first feature being "under," "below," and "beneath" a second feature may be directly under or obliquely under the first feature, or may simply mean that the first feature is at a lesser elevation than the second feature.

In the description herein, references to the description of the term "one embodiment," "some embodiments," "an example," "a specific example," or "some examples," etc., mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of an embodiment of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above are not necessarily intended to refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Furthermore, various embodiments or examples and features of different embodiments or examples described in this specification can be combined and combined by one skilled in the art without contradiction.

The pressurized water reactor is the most international commercial nuclear reactor type at present, and the principle is as follows: uranium-235 nuclear fuel in a nuclear reactor carries out chain nuclear reaction and generates heat, purified water in a closed circulating system of the nuclear reactor is heated, the heated purified water transfers the heat to water in a water supply loop of a steam generator in the steam generator, and then steam is formed to push a steam turbine generator to operate. The overall energy conversion process is roughly: nuclear energy → thermal energy → mechanical energy → electrical energy.

Nuclear energy results from the fission of uranium nuclei in a nuclear reactor, which generates enormous heat energy when the uranium nuclei continuously fission (called "chain reaction"). The nuclear reactor functions as a well known boiler, but the water in the boiler is generally heated by fire, and the water in the nuclear reactor is "heated" by nuclear fuel, so the nuclear reactor is also commonly called as a "nuclear boiler" in the past.

In a first aspect, as shown in fig. 1, an embodiment of the present invention provides a superheated steam production system, including:

a steam superheater 102;

the pressurized water reactor 101, at least part of the hot water generated by the pressurized water reactor 101 flows through the steam superheater 102, and a small part of the heat carried by the hot water is used for heating the saturated steam in the steam superheater 102 to form superheated steam which can be delivered to a steam pipe network for being provided for users.

The embodiment of the invention adopts the pressurized water reactor 101 as a heat source to heat saturated steam into superheated steam, can replace the traditional industrial boiler, and reduces the emission of greenhouse gases; based on the mature nuclear power saturated steam technology, extra electric power or fossil fuel is not required to be consumed, and the method has the advantages of simple thermodynamic system and strong economic competitiveness. In addition, superheated steam can not carry moisture in the transmission process because of the existence of superheat degree, is always in a dry state, can not appear that saturated steam is easy to condense in the transmission process, and the phenomenon of liquid drop or liquid fog appears, and the remote transmission of being convenient for satisfies remote industrial user's demand, has improved steam transport distance and utilization ratio.

It should be noted that in this embodiment, "hot water flows at least partially through steam superheater 102" means that hot water may flow entirely through steam superheater 102, or only a portion of hot water may flow through steam superheater 102.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the primary side of the steam superheater 102 is connected in parallel to the hot water line of the pressurized water reactor 101 so that hot water can partially flow through the primary side of the steam superheater 102.

In the present embodiment, the side through which water flows is defined as the "primary side", and the side through which steam flows is defined as the "secondary side".

As shown in fig. 1, according to an embodiment of the present invention, a regulating valve 105 is disposed on the hot water pipeline between the primary-side inlet of the steam superheater 102 and the primary-side outlet of the steam superheater 102, in other words, a regulating valve 105 is disposed on the hot water pipeline between the primary-side inlet of the steam superheater 102 and the primary-side outlet of the steam superheater 102, so as to adjust the flow rate of the hot water entering the primary side of the steam superheater 102, and further adjust the degree of superheat of the steam. Therefore, the device can match the transmission distance and is used for industrial steam, steam/water cogeneration, hot film mixed seawater desalination and other scenes.

Specifically, when the regulating valve 105 is turned off, the hot water in the hot water line flows entirely through the primary side of the steam superheater 102, and when the regulating valve 105 is opened, the hot water in the hot water line partially flows through the steam superheater 102, so that the degree of superheat of steam can be regulated as needed; still another portion of the hot water that does not flow through steam superheater 102 continues to flow directly along the hot water line; and flows into a steam generator 103 mentioned below after being mixed with hot water flowing through a primary side outlet of the steam superheater 102, which will be described in detail below.

Because the heat required for heating the saturated steam into the superheated steam is small, the temperature of the hot water flowing through the steam superheater 102 is not significantly reduced, and the heat of the part of hot water can be reused.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, further comprising:

a steam generator 103, which is a natural circulation steam generator in the present embodiment, and generates saturated steam;

the outlet of the hot water pipeline is connected to the primary side inlet of the steam generator 103, both the hot water flowing through the steam superheater 102 and the hot water not flowing through the steam superheater 102 are introduced into the primary side inlet of the steam generator 103 through the outlet of the hot water pipeline, and most of heat carried in the hot water is used for heating the water in the steam generator 103 into saturated steam; a primary side outlet of the steam generator 103 is connected to the pressurized water reactor 101 through a circulation circuit, and when the heat of the hot water is used for heating the water in the steam generator 103 to become saturated steam, the temperature of the water is reduced to become cold water, and the cold water flows out from the primary side outlet of the steam generator 103, flows into the pressurized water reactor 101 again through the circulation circuit, and is continuously heated to form a circulation;

the secondary inlet of the steam generator 103 is connected to a water supply line for providing a water source for forming saturated steam. A secondary side outlet of the steam generator 103 is connected to a secondary side inlet of the steam superheater 102 for providing saturated steam to the steam superheater 102 to form a continuous supply of saturated steam.

The total heat load of the natural circulation steam generator of the embodiment is matched with the power of the pressurized water reactor 101, and saturated steam can be directly supplied by the natural circulation steam generator according to actual requirements or superheated steam can be supplied after being heated by the steam superheater 102.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, a circulation pump 104 is disposed on the circulation loop, and the circulation pump 104 is used to provide power for water flow to form a water flow circulation loop.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the steam superheater 102 comprises a shell 102-1 and a heat transfer pipe 102-2 arranged in the shell 102-1, one end of the shell 102-1 is a saturated steam inlet, the other end of the shell 102-1 is a superheated steam outlet, saturated steam is introduced into a cavity of the shell 102-1 through a secondary side outlet of a steam generator 103, hot water of the pressurized water reactor 101 enters the heat transfer pipe 102-2, hot water flows through the heat transfer pipe 102-2, heat is transferred to the saturated steam through the heat transfer pipe 102-2, the saturated steam is heated into superheated steam, and the superheated steam is discharged from the superheated steam outlet of the shell 102-1.

To facilitate the connection of the heat transfer pipe 102-2 to the hot water line, both the inlet and the outlet of the heat transfer pipe 102-2 extend out of the housing 102-1 and are connected to the hot water line, which is also meant to include communication.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the heat transfer pipe 102-2 may be arranged in an arrangement manner such as, but not limited to, a U-shaped pipe, a spiral pipe, or a serpentine pipe, when the heat transfer pipe 102-2 is a U-shaped pipe, a plurality of U-shaped pipes may be stacked to increase the surface area of the heat transfer pipe 102-2, so as to sufficiently transfer heat to the cavity of the shell 102-1, and the heat transfer pipe 102-2 in the form of a spiral pipe or a serpentine pipe has a large heat transfer area, a good heat exchange effect, and is convenient to manufacture; of course, other suitable shapes for heat transfer tube 102-2 may be used.

In this embodiment, the process of changing water phase into steam occurs in the steam generator 103, and the problems of scaling and corrosion on the surface of the heat transfer tubes 102-2 in the steam superheater 102 can be avoided.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the steam superheater 102 is provided separately from the steam generator 103, as shown in fig. 1, the steam superheater 102 is provided outside the steam generator 103, and the steam generator 103 is connected to a secondary side inlet of the steam superheater 102 through a saturated steam pipe for supplying saturated steam to the steam superheater 102.

In another embodiment, as shown in fig. 2, the steam superheater 102 is integrated into the upper steam space in the steam generator 103, so that saturated steam in the steam space can be directly used to enter the steam superheater 102 for heating to form superheated steam, and a saturated steam pipeline is omitted, so that the overall structure is compact, the number of equipment is reduced, and the system cost is reduced in some application scenarios.

In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides a method for producing superheated steam, which uses a pressurized water reactor 101 as a heat source to heat water; part or all of the heated water is firstly introduced into the primary side of the steam superheater 102, and the saturated steam at the secondary side of the steam superheater 102 is heated to a superheated state by using part or all of the heat to form superheated steam. The hot water flowing out from the primary side of the steam superheater 102 is mixed with the hot water that has not passed through the steam superheater 102, and is then introduced into the primary side of the steam generator 103, and the secondary side water of the steam generator 103 is heated by most of the heat to generate saturated steam, and the saturated steam flowing out from the secondary side of the steam generator 103 is introduced into the secondary side of the steam superheater 102 and is heated to become the superheated steam.

The pressurized water reactor 101 is a heat source and can replace the traditional industrial boiler, so that the emission of greenhouse gases is reduced; based on the mature nuclear power saturated steam technology, extra electric power or fossil fuel is not required to be consumed, and the method has the advantages of simple thermodynamic system and strong economic competitiveness. In addition, superheated steam can not carry moisture in the transmission process because of the existence of superheat degree, is always in a dry state, can not appear that saturated steam is easy to condense in the transmission process, and the phenomenon of liquid drop or liquid fog appears, and the remote transmission of being convenient for satisfies remote industrial user's demand, has improved steam transport distance and utilization ratio.

The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the present invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that various combinations, modifications or equivalents may be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention, and the technical solution of the present invention is covered by the claims of the present invention.