阅读说明：本技术 一种磁场中光源光谱线左旋光和右旋光的区分方法及区分装置 (Method and device for distinguishing left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation of light source spectral line in magnetic field ) 是由 张建民 于 2019-08-20 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提出了一种磁场中光源光谱线左旋光和右旋光的区分方法及区分装置,属于光谱测量技术领域,其具体包括光源、电磁铁、聚光镜、干涉滤光片、1/4波片、偏振片、F-P标准具、望远镜及可拍照手机。光源置于电磁铁产生的磁场中,聚光镜、干涉滤光片、1/4波片、偏振片、F-P标准具、望远镜及可拍照手机平行于磁场方向按照从前往后的顺序依次设置且均与光源同轴。利用本发明的方法及装置不仅可以区分出左旋光和右旋光,对左旋光和右旋光的进一步分析和研究提供参考,而且区分装置成本低,区分方法过程简单易操作。(The invention provides a method and a device for distinguishing left-handed rotation from right-handed rotation of a light source spectral line in a magnetic field, belongs to the technical field of spectral measurement, and particularly comprises a light source, an electromagnet, a condenser, an interference filter, an 1/4 wave plate, a polarizing film, an F-P etalon, a telescope and a camera phone. The light source is arranged in a magnetic field generated by the electromagnet, and the condenser lens, the interference filter, the 1/4 wave plate, the polaroid, the F-P etalon, the telescope and the camera mobile phone are sequentially arranged in parallel with the direction of the magnetic field according to the sequence from front to back and are coaxial with the light source. The method and the device can distinguish the levorotatory light and the dextrorotatory light and provide reference for further analysis and research of the levorotatory light and the dextrorotatory light, and the distinguishing device has low cost and simple and easy operation of the distinguishing method process.)

1. A method for distinguishing left rotation and right rotation of a light source light line in a magnetic field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

1) the method comprises the steps of turning on a light source (1), sequentially adjusting the positions of a condenser lens (3), an interference filter (4), a polaroid (6), an F-P etalon (7), a telescope (8) and a photographing lens of a photographing mobile phone (9), enabling the condenser lens (3), the interference filter (4), the polaroid (6), the F-P etalon (7), the telescope (8) and the photographing lens of the photographing mobile phone (9) to be coaxial with the light source (1), enabling the light source (1) to be arranged at the focus of the condenser lens (3), and adjusting all components in the light path to enable an external magnetic field to be generatedEach discrete ring of each interference level K is clear;

2) the power supply of the electromagnet (2) is switched on, the excitation current is slowly increased, and the field intensity of the external magnetic field is increasedBy applying an external magnetic fieldEach discrete ring of interference orders K splits into levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Rotating the polaroid (6) to observe the intensity change of the interference ring of each sub-spectral line;

3) 1/4 wave plate (5) coaxial with the light source (1) is arranged between the interference filter (4) and the polaroid (6) in the step 2), and pi/2 phase difference is added to the circularly polarized light, so that the levorotatory light sigma is enabled^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Linearly polarized light is converted into mutually perpendicular linearly polarized light, the polarizing plate (6) is rotated, and levorotary light sigma is distinguished by observing the change of interference circular ring intensity of each sub-spectral line^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹。

2. The method for distinguishing between left-handed and right-handed rotation of light source spectral lines in a magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 2) is embodied as:

(2.1) opening straightThe current stabilizing voltage and current power supply is used for electrifying the electromagnet (2) to slowly increase the excitation current and increase the field intensity of the external magnetic fieldBy applying an external magnetic fieldEach discrete ring of interference orders K splits into levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹；

(2.2) rotating the polaroid (6) around the optical axis within the range of 0-180 degrees, and showing that the interference ring intensity of each sub-spectral line is not changed, which proves that the levorotatory light sigma is^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹All are circularly polarized light.

3. The method for distinguishing between left-handed and right-handed rotation of light source light lines in a magnetic field as claimed in claim 1, wherein said step 3) is embodied as:

(3.1) placing 1/4 wave plate (5) coaxial with the light source (1) between the interference filter (4) and the polarizing plate (6) in the step 2), and adding pi/2 phase difference to the circularly polarized light, thereby making the levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Changing into linearly polarized light which is vertical to each other;

(3.2) rotating the polarizing plate (6) around the optical axis within the range of 0 to 180 DEG, and observing that when the polarization direction of the polarizing plate (6) is rotated to 45 DEG, levorotatory light sigma^-1Disappearance, only the dextrorotatory σ can be observed⁺¹(ii) a When the polarization direction of the polarizing plate (6) is rotated to 135 DEG, the right rotation sigma⁺¹Disappearance, only levo-light σ is observed^-1。

4. The method as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the applied magnetic field is used to distinguish between left and right rotation of the light source spectrumThe intensity range of (b) is 10000Gs to 13000 Gs.

5. A distinguishing device for realizing the left-handed rotation and the right-handed rotation of a light source light spectrum line in a magnetic field according to the distinguishing method of any one of claims 1 to 3 comprises a light source (1), an electromagnet (2), a condenser (3), an interference filter (4), an 1/4 wave plate (5), a polarizer (6), an F-P etalon (7), a telescope (8) and a camera mobile phone (9), wherein the light source (1) is arranged in the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet (2), and the condenser (3), the interference filter (4), the 1/4 wave plate (5), the polarizer (6), the F-P etalon (7), the telescope (8) and the camera mobile phone (9) are sequentially arranged in parallel to the magnetic field direction from front to back and are coaxial with the light source (1).

6. The device for distinguishing between levorotatory and dextrorotatory light of light source spectral lines in a magnetic field according to claim 5, wherein said light source (1) is a mercury lamp, a partition lamp, a sodium lamp, an antimony lamp, a tungsten lamp, a strontium lamp, and said light source (1) is placed at the place where the electromagnet (2) generates the maximum magnetic field strength.

7. The device for distinguishing left-handed rotation from right-handed rotation of light source spectral lines in a magnetic field according to claim 5, wherein the current of the electromagnet (2) is supplied by a DC stabilized current supply.

8. The device for distinguishing between levorotatory and dextrorotatory source light lines in a magnetic field according to claim 5, wherein the focal length of the condenser (3) is 93mm, and the distance d between the inner surfaces of the two glass plates of the F-P etalon (7) is 2 mm.

9. Device for distinguishing between left-handed and right-handed rotation of the light source light line in a magnetic field according to claim 5, characterized in that the central wavelengths of the interference filter (4) and the 1/4 wave plate (5) depend on the choice of the light source (1).

10. The device for distinguishing between left-handed and right-handed rotation of light source light in a magnetic field according to claim 5, wherein the polarizer (6) has a polarization direction that is rotated around the optical axis within the range of 0-180 °.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of spectral measurement, and particularly relates to a method and a device for distinguishing left-handed rotation from right-handed rotation of a light source spectral line in a magnetic field.

Background

Zeeman, a well-known physicist in the netherlands, has found that when a light source is placed in a sufficiently strong magnetic field (about several thousand to several tens of thousands of gauss), spectral lines are split into several polariton lines with very close wavelengths and the separation between the individual polariton lines is equal, the magnitude of the separation being equal to the intensity of the applied magnetic fieldIs in direct proportion. This finding makes an unmortal contribution to the establishment and development of quantum mechanics. The discovery that Zeeman in 1902 and Lorentz together obtained the Nobel prize in the yearCommemorating the achievement of Zeeman, the finding is named as the Zeeman effect. The physical principle of the zeeman effect is that the magnetic moment of the orbit and the magnetic moment of the spin of the electron in the atom are acted by the external magnetic field, i.e. the atom is proved to have magnetic moment and space quantization. The splitting condition of an atomic energy level can be analyzed by observing a splitting sub-spectral line of the Zeeman effect, and the quantum number and the Langdg factor of the atomic energy level can be determined, so that important information about an atomic state can be obtained, and the Zeeman effect is of important value for further utilization of atoms, so that the Zeeman effect is one of important ways for researching an atomic structure.

The zeeman effect is classified into a normal zeeman effect and an abnormal zeeman effect. In a direction perpendicular to the external magnetic fieldObserving the direction, and if one spectral line is split into three sub-spectral lines, the normal Zeeman effect is obtained; if a spectral line is split into more than three sub-spectral lines, the abnormal Zeeman effect is obtained. The normal zeeman effect is generated as a result of interaction of the magnetic moments of the atomic orbitals with an external magnetic field, and the abnormal zeeman effect is generated as a result of interaction of the total magnetic moments (orbital magnetic moment and spin magnetic moment) of the atoms with an external magnetic field.

The observation of the vertical magnetic field of the split sub-spectral lines in the Zeeman effect is linearly polarized light, and the observation is divided into two conditions: an electric vector being a sub-spectral lineParallel to the external magnetic fieldReferred to as pi light; the other being the electric vector of the sub-spectral linesPerpendicular to the external magnetic fieldReferred to as sigma light. The sigma light is divided into levorotatory sigma light^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹At present, no good device and method for distinguishing levorotary sigma exists^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹For levorotary light σ not possible^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Further analysis and study was performed.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a method and a device for distinguishing the left-handed light and the right-handed light of a light source spectral line in a magnetic field, which can distinguish the left-handed light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹For left-handed light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹The method provides reference for further analysis and research, and has low cost of the distinguishing device and simple and easy operation of the distinguishing method process. The specific technical scheme is as follows:

left-handed light sigma for distinguishing light source spectral line in magnetic field^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹The method comprises the following steps:

1) turning on the light source, sequentially adjusting the positions of the condenser lens, the interference filter, the polarizer, the F-P etalon, the telescope and the camera lens of the camera phone to make the condenser lens, the interference filter, the polarizer, the F-P etalon, the telescope and the camera lens of the camera phone coaxial with the light source and the light source arranged at the focus of the condenser lens, and adjusting the components in the light path to make the external magnetic fieldEach discrete ring of each interference level K is clear;

2) the power supply of the electromagnet is switched on, the excitation current is slowly increased, and the field intensity of the external magnetic field is increasedBy applying an external magnetic fieldEach discrete ring of interference orders K splits into levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Rotating the polaroid to observe the intensity change of the interference ring of each sub-spectral line;

3) placing 1/4 wave plate coaxial with the light source between the interference filter and the polaroid in step 2), adding pi/2 phase difference to circularly polarized light, and collecting the lightTo make levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Changing into linearly polarized light perpendicular to each other, rotating the polaroid to distinguish levorotatory light sigma by observing the variation of interference ring intensity of each sub-spectral line^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹。

Further limiting, the step 2) is specifically:

(2.1) turning on a direct-current voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply, electrifying the electromagnet, slowly increasing excitation current, and increasing the field intensity of an external magnetic fieldBy applying an external magnetic fieldEach discrete ring of interference orders K splits into levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹；

(2.2) rotating the polaroid around the optical axis within the range of 0-180 degrees, and observing that the interference ring intensity of each sub-spectral line is not changed, which proves that the levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹All are circularly polarized light.

Further limiting, the step 3) is specifically:

(3.1) placing 1/4 wave plate coaxial with the light source between the interference filter and the polaroid in the step 2), and adding pi/2 phase difference to the circularly polarized light, thereby making the levorotatory light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Changing into linearly polarized light which is vertical to each other;

(3.2) rotating the polarizing plate around the optical axis within the range of 0 to 180 degrees, it was observed that when the polarization direction of the polarizing plate was rotated to 45 degrees, the left-handed light σ was observed^-1Disappearance, only the dextrorotatory σ can be observed⁺¹(ii) a When the polarization direction of the polarizing plate is rotated to 135 deg., the right rotation σ⁺¹Disappearance, only levo-light σ is observed^-1。

Further defined, the externally applied magnetic fieldThe intensity range of (b) is 10000Gs to 13000 Gs.

The distinguishing device for realizing the left rotation and the right rotation of the light source spectral line in the magnetic field comprises a light source, an electromagnet, a condenser, an interference filter, an 1/4 wave plate, a polaroid, an F-P etalon, a telescope and a camera mobile phone, wherein the light source is arranged in the magnetic field generated by the electromagnet, and the condenser, the interference filter, a 1/4 wave plate, the polaroid, the F-P etalon, the telescope and the camera mobile phone are sequentially arranged in parallel with the magnetic field direction from front to back and are coaxial with the light source.

Further limiting, the light source is a mercury lamp, a partition lamp, a sodium lamp, an antimony lamp, a tungsten lamp or a strontium lamp, and the light source is arranged at the position where the electromagnet generates the maximum magnetic field intensity.

Further, the current of the electromagnet is provided by a direct current voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply.

Further, the focal length F of the condenser is 93mm, and the distance d between the inner surfaces of the two glass plates of the F-P etalon is 2 mm.

Further, the center wavelengths of the interference filter and the 1/4 wave plate are dependent on the choice of light source.

Further, the polarization direction of the polaroid rotates around the optical axis within the range of 0-180 degrees.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the invention relates to a distinguishing device for left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation of a light source spectral line in a magnetic field, which comprises a light source, an electromagnet, a condenser, an interference filter, an 1/4 wave plate, a polarizing plate, an F-P etalon, a telescope and a camera mobile phone. The optical elements are common optical elements, especially, a conventional spectrograph, a reading microscope and a CCD (charge coupled device) for observing spectral lines are replaced by a mobile phone which can be used for taking pictures for everyone, so that the cost of the instrument is low, the use is convenient, the technical requirement is low, and the operation is feasible for all people.

2. During operation, the positions of the light source, the electromagnet, the condenser, the interference filter, the 1/4 wave plate, the polaroid, the F-P etalon, the telescope and the mobile phone capable of taking a picture are adjusted, the power supply of the electromagnet is switched on, the excitation current is slowly increased, and the external magnetic field is increasedBy rotating the polarizer to 45 ° and 135 °, the left-handed light σ can be distinguished^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹. The operation is simple, the distinguishing result is obvious, and the observation is convenient; the distinguishing result is accurate and can be the subsequent levogyration light sigma^-1And d-rotation of σ⁺¹Provide reference for further analysis and study.

3. The light source used by the method can be a mercury lamp, a baffle lamp, a sodium lamp, an antimony lamp, a tungsten lamp and a strontium lamp, and has universal applicability.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a differentiating device for left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation of light source spectrum lines in a magnetic field according to the present invention;

FIG. 2 shows the mercury lamp wavelength without magnetic fieldEach discrete interference ring corresponding to each interference order K;

FIG. 3 shows the wavelength of mercury lamp at 10677Gs magnetic field strengthOf each interference order K-split of 3 dextrorotatory sigma⁺¹And 3 levorotary sigma^-1The interference ring of (1);

FIG. 4 shows the mercury lamp wavelength at a magnetic field strength of 10677Gs and a polarization direction of 45 ° of the polarizerOf each interference order K-split of 3 dextrorotatory sigma⁺¹The interference ring of (1);

FIG. 5 shows the mercury lamp wavelength at a magnetic field strength of 10677Gs and a polarization direction of 135 ° of the polarizerOf 3 levorotary lights sigma of each interference order K splitting^-1The interference ring of (1);

the device comprises a light source 1, an electromagnet 2, a condenser 3, an interference filter 4, a wave plate 5-1/4, a polarizing plate 6, an etalon 7-F-P, a telescope 8 and a camera mobile phone 9.

Detailed Description

The technical solutions and methods of the present invention are further explained below with reference to the drawings and examples, but the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described below.

Referring to fig. 1, the distinguishing device for left-handed rotation and right-handed rotation of light source spectral line in magnetic field of the invention comprises a light source 1, an electromagnet 2, a condenser 3, an interference filter 4, an 1/4 wave plate 5, a polarizer 6, an F-P etalon 7, a telescope 8 and a camera phone 9, which are coaxially and sequentially arranged with the light source 1 along the direction of the magnetic field. The light source 1 is a mercury lamp, a partition lamp, a sodium lamp, an antimony lamp, a tungsten lamp or a strontium lamp and is arranged at the magnetic field intensity generated by the electromagnet 2. The current of the electromagnet 2 is provided by a direct current voltage-stabilizing current-stabilizing power supply, and the range of the generated magnetic field intensity is 10000 Gs-13000 Gs. The focal length f of the condenser lens 3 is 93 mm. The center wavelength of the interference filter 4 and 1/4 wave plate 5 depends on the choice of the light source 1. The polarization direction of the polarizer 6 can be rotated around the optical axis within the range of 0-180 degrees. The distance d between the inner surfaces of the two glass plates of the F-P etalon 7 is 2 mm.