阅读说明：本技术 一种郁金香杂交后代多年留地栽培方法 (Method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in reserved field for many years ) 是由 屈连伟 张艳秋 邢桂梅 崔玥晗 宋�莹 刘娜 王丽波 朗立新 赵展 田海亮 王茹 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种杂交后代栽培的方法,特别是涉及一种多年留地栽培的郁金香杂交后代栽培方法,属于植物发育生物学领域。本发明提供一种郁金香杂交后代多年留地栽培的方法,以解决现有栽培方法存在的育种周期长、程序复杂、耗时耗力、贮藏成本大等问题；通过比较研究不同杂交后代栽培方法对种球直径、种球高度、种球重量的影响,形成包含三个关键技术步骤的郁金香杂交后代高效栽培技术。该技术操作简单易行,省时省力,缩短育种周期40%,在郁金香育种过程中具有重要的应用价值。(The invention relates to a cultivation method of filial generation, in particular to a cultivation method of tulip filial generation cultivated in a reserved area for many years, belonging to the field of plant developmental biology. The invention provides a method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for many years, which aims to solve the problems of long breeding period, complex program, time and labor consumption, high storage cost and the like of the existing cultivation method; the tulip filial generation efficient cultivation technology comprising three key technical steps is formed by comparatively researching the influence of different filial generation cultivation methods on the diameter, height and weight of the seed ball. The technology is simple and easy to operate, saves time and labor, shortens the breeding period by 40 percent, and has important application value in the tulip breeding process.)

1. A method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for years is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) soil preparation and pond

Making a cultivation pool in a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse, wherein the depth of the pool is 30 cm; then, a culture medium is laid in the culture medium, and the culture medium is flattened to be 25cm thick;

(2) seeding

Matrix watering is carried out at the beginning of 10 months, then tulip hybrid seeds harvested in the current year are sowed, 0.4cm of turf is covered and flattened after sowing, 0.4cm of fine river sand is covered, and watering is carried out again; the sowing adopts a drill sowing or broadcasting sowing mode;

(3) post-broadcast management

a current year management

Covering a plastic film when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃; no watering is needed from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year; the greenhouse tuyere is kept open; the temperature of the whole culture medium in winter is not higher than-5 ℃, and the low-temperature time below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

b second year management

Removing the film when the temperature of the culture medium is close to 1 ℃ in 3 months, and watering; adjusting the indoor air temperature to 7-10 ℃, and germinating for 7-10 days; after seedling emergence, adjusting the indoor air temperature to 10-15 ℃, and watering for 1 time every two weeks; removing withered and yellow parts when the plants are completely withered and yellow on the ground at the bottom of 5 months; the new bulbs are dormant in 6-9 months; applying compound fertilizer at the beginning of 10 months, and watering when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃; when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃, covering a film; from 11 months to 2 months in the next year, all the air ports of the greenhouse are kept open; the temperature of the whole winter culture substrate is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

c third year management

3, germinating tulip for 3 months, removing the film and watering, and adjusting the indoor air temperature to 10-15 ℃; watering for 1 time every two weeks, and flowering for part of the plants in the middle and last ten days of 4 months; removing withered and yellow parts when the plants are completely withered and yellow on the ground at the bottom of 5 months; the new bulbs are dormant in 6-9 months; applying compound fertilizer at the beginning of 10 months, watering when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, promoting the bulb to root, and ensuring the bulb to live through the winter naturally.

2. The method for cultivating tulip hybridal progeny in a reserved land for many years according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation pond is arranged in the north-south direction, the width of the pond is 70cm, the width of the operation channel is 30cm, the depth of the pond is 30cm, and black gardening ground cloth is paved at the bottom of the pond and the passage.

3. The method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved land for many years according to claim 1, wherein the cultivation medium is turf special for sowing tulip seeds imported from abroad: mixing sandy loam according to a volume ratio of 3: 2; the turf is Jiffy turfy soil, and the fiber length is 0-8 mm.

4. The method for cultivating tulip hybridal progeny for years in the field according to claim 1, wherein the watering is one time of water permeation.

5. The method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved land for many years according to claim 1, wherein in the sowing, if the tulip hybrid seeds harvested by one hybridization combination are less sowed by drilling, shallow trenches are firstly formed on a substrate, and then the hybrid seeds are uniformly sown in different sowing trenches; if more hybrid seeds are harvested by one hybrid combination, the seeds are uniformly sown in the pool.

6. The method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for many years according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), shading is performed by using a shading net when the light is strong.

7. The method for cultivating tulip hybridal progeny for a plurality of years in a reserved land, according to claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the substrate is kept dry in the dormancy season of the new bulbs for 6-9 months, and the wind ports are all opened and covered with a sunshade net; in rainy days, the air port is covered to prevent the substrate from being wetted.

8. The method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for many years according to claim 1, wherein the nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium ratio of the compound fertilizer is 1: 2: 1, applying 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

9. The method for cultivating tulip hybridal progeny in a reserved field for many years as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the management after sowing in the second year, watering is carried out when the temperature of the cultivation substrate is reduced to 12 ℃, so that the rooting of the seed bulbs is promoted, and the natural overwintering of the seed bulbs is ensured.

10. A method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for years is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) soil preparation and pond

Making a cultivation pond in a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse; the cultivation pond is in the north-south direction, the width of the pond is 70cm, the width of the operation track is 30cm, and the depth of the pond is 30 cm; black gardening ground cloth is paved at the bottom of the cultivation pool and the passage, so that tulip seeds can be prevented from falling down to enter deeper soil below the gardening ground cloth, and field management personnel can operate the tulip seeds conveniently; then, a tulip hybrid progeny cultivation medium (special turf for sowing tulip seeds imported from abroad: sandy loam =3: 2) is paved in a pool and flattened, and the thickness of the medium is 25 cm;

(2) seeding

Harvesting tulip hybrid seeds in the same year, sowing the seeds at the beginning of 10 months, if one hybrid combination has less harvested hybrid seeds, drilling, firstly digging shallow trenches on the substrate, and then uniformly sowing the hybrid seeds in different sowing ditches; if more hybrid seeds are harvested by one hybrid combination, the seeds can be uniformly sown in the pool; after each seed of the hybridization combination is sown, a label is inserted, and the number of the hybridization combination and the sowing date are written; thoroughly watering the culture medium before sowing, uniformly covering 0.4cm of turf after sowing, slightly flattening, uniformly covering a layer of 0.4cm of fine river sand, and thoroughly watering again;

(3) post-broadcast management

When the temperature of the culture substrate is reduced to 0 ℃, a plastic film is covered to prevent excessive evaporation of water in winter, and the emergence rate of the tulip hybrid seeds in spring is improved; from 11 months to 2 months in the next year, watering is not needed, all air ports of the greenhouse are kept in an open state, and heat insulation materials do not need to be covered; the temperature of the culture medium in the whole greenhouse in winter is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

in 3 months of the next year, when the temperature of the culture medium is close to 1 ℃, removing the film, immediately watering the film for one time to promote the germination of seeds, and then regulating the indoor air temperature to 7-10 ℃ and growing seedlings after 7-10 days; at the moment, the air temperature in the greenhouse is regulated to be 10-15 ℃; watering for 1 time every two weeks, wherein the light is strong in late spring seasons, and shading can be performed by using a shading net; at the end of 5 months, when the overground plants are completely withered and yellow, removing the withered and yellow parts; the dormancy season of the new bulbs is 6-9 months, watering is not carried out, the substrate is kept dry, the air ports are all opened, a sunshade net is covered, and the temperature is reduced; if the rain weather occurs, the air port is closed in time to prevent the culture medium from being wetted by rain water; at the beginning of 10 months, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 1: 2: 1, applying 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu; after fertilization, when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, watering once to permeate water to promote the seed balls to root and ensure the natural overwintering of the seed balls; when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃, covering a layer of plastic film to prevent water loss in winter; from 11 months to 2 months in the third year, all the air ports of the greenhouse are kept in an open state, and no heat-insulating object is required to be covered; the temperature of the culture medium in the whole greenhouse in winter is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

in 3 months in the third year, when tulip sprouts out of soil, removing the film, and watering once to permeate water, wherein the air temperature in the greenhouse is regulated to 10-15 ℃; watering for 1 time every two weeks, wherein partial plants can bloom in the middle and last ten days of 4 months; in late spring, the illumination is strong, and a sunshade net can be used for shading; at the end of 5 months, when the overground plants are completely withered and yellow, removing the withered and yellow parts; in 6-9 months, the rest season is used for updating the bulbs, watering is not carried out, the substrate is kept dry, the air ports are all opened, a sunshade net is covered, and the temperature is reduced; if the rain weather occurs, the air port is closed in time to prevent the culture medium from being wetted by rain water; at the beginning of 10 months, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 1: 2: 1, applying 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu; after fertilization, when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, watering once to permeate water to promote the bulb to root and ensure the bulb to live through the winter naturally;

after 3 years of field cultivation, part of plants can bloom in the third year, and the updated bulbs of the tulip hybrid progeny can all reach the flowering standard.

Technical Field

The invention relates to a cultivation method of filial generation, in particular to a cultivation method of tulip filial generation cultivated in a reserved area for many years, belonging to the field of plant developmental biology.

Background

Tulipa (Tulipa) is a perennial bulbous flower of Tulipa of Liliaceae, has beautiful flower type and bright color, can be used as a fresh cut flower, a garden greening and a pot culture, and has very wide application. At present, the tulip varieties for production and research in China are mainly imported from the countries such as the netherlands, are easy to be restricted by people, have high cost and poor quality, are not easy to control risks, and lack of tulip varieties with independent intellectual property rights has become a bottleneck restricting the development of the tulip industry in China. The crossbreeding is the main way of breeding new tulip varieties, and the cultivation of filial generation is an important part in the process of breeding new tulip varieties.

At present, tulip breeders generally adopt a traditional box cultivation method to cultivate filial generations worldwide. The method needs about 5 years from sowing to flowering, has long breeding period, has requirements on the height of a sowing box, sowing tools, storage conditions and fields, and has complex procedures, time and labor consumption and high storage cost. Therefore, how to shorten the breeding cycle of tulip is an urgent problem to be solved, and has important significance for the localization of tulip and the development of the tulip industry.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for many years, which aims to solve the problems of long breeding period, complex program, time and labor consumption, high storage cost and the like of the existing cultivation method.

According to the method, the influence of different filial generation cultivation methods on the diameter, height and weight of the seed ball is comparatively researched, so that the tulip filial generation efficient cultivation technology comprising three key technical steps is formed. The technology is simple and easy to operate, saves time and labor, shortens the breeding period by 40 percent, and has important application value in the tulip breeding process.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention to achieve the aim is as follows: a method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for years specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) soil preparation and pond

Making a cultivation pool in a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse, wherein the depth of the pool is 30 cm; then, a culture medium is laid in the culture medium, and the culture medium is flattened to be 25cm thick;

(2) seeding

Watering at the beginning of 10 months, then sowing the tulip hybrid seeds harvested in the current year, covering 0.4cm of turf and flattening after sowing, covering 0.4cm of fine river sand, and watering again; the sowing adopts a drill sowing or broadcasting sowing mode;

(3) post-broadcast management

a current year management

Covering a plastic film when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃; no watering is needed from 11 months in the current year to 2 months in the next year; the greenhouse tuyere is kept open; the temperature of the whole culture medium in winter is not higher than-5 ℃, and the low-temperature time below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

b second year management

Removing the film when the temperature of the culture medium is close to 1 ℃ in 3 months, and watering; adjusting the indoor air temperature to 7-10 ℃, and germinating for 7-10 days; then adjusting the indoor air temperature to 10-15 ℃, and watering for 1 time every two weeks; removing withered and yellow parts when the plants are completely withered and yellow on the ground at the bottom of 5 months; the new bulbs are dormant in 6-9 months; applying compound fertilizer at the beginning of 10 months, and watering when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃; when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃, covering a film; from 11 months to 2 months in the next year, all the air ports of the greenhouse are kept open; the temperature of the whole winter culture substrate is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days;

c third year management

3, germinating tulip for 3 months, removing the film and watering, and adjusting the indoor air temperature to 10-15 ℃; watering for 1 time every two weeks, and flowering for part of the plants in the middle and last ten days of 4 months; removing withered and yellow parts when the plants are completely withered and yellow on the ground at the bottom of 5 months; the new bulbs are dormant in 6-9 months; applying compound fertilizer at the beginning of 10 months, watering when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, promoting the bulb to root, and ensuring the bulb to live through the winter naturally.

Furthermore, after 3 years of field cultivation, part of plants can bloom in the third year, and the updated bulbs of the tulip hybrid progeny can all reach the flowering standard.

Furthermore, the culture pond is in a north-south direction, the width of the pond is 70cm, the width of an operation channel is 30cm, the depth of the pond is 30cm, and black gardening ground cloth is paved at the bottom of the pond and on the channel.

Further, the culture medium is prepared by sowing the tulip seeds imported from abroad with special turf: mixing sandy loam according to a volume ratio of 3: 2; the turf is Jiffy turfy soil, and the fiber length is 0-8 mm.

Furthermore, the watering refers to watering once and permeating water.

Furthermore, in the sowing, if the tulip hybrid seeds harvested by one hybrid combination are less sowed by drill, firstly, shallow trenches are formed on the substrate, and then the hybrid seeds are uniformly sown in different sowing trenches; if more hybrid seeds are harvested by one hybrid combination, the seeds are uniformly sown in the pool.

Further, in the step (3), when the illumination is strong, a sunshade net is used for shading.

In the step (3), in the dormancy season of the new corms in 6-9 months, the substrate is kept dry, the air ports are all opened, and a sunshade net is covered; in rainy days, the air port is covered to prevent the substrate from being wetted.

Further, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium proportion of the compound fertilizer is 1: 2: 1, applying 10kg of compound fertilizer per mu.

Furthermore, in the management after the sowing in the second year, the cultivation substrate is watered when the temperature is reduced to 12 ℃, so that the rooting of the seed balls is promoted, and the natural overwintering of the seed balls is ensured. A method for cultivating tulip hybrid progeny in a reserved field for years specifically comprises the following steps:

(1) soil preparation and pond

Making a cultivation pond in a sunlight greenhouse or a greenhouse; the cultivation pond is in the north-south direction, the width of the pond is 70cm, the width of the operation track is 30cm, and the depth of the pond is 30 cm. Black gardening ground cloth is paved at the bottom of the cultivation pool and the passage, so that tulip seeds can be prevented from falling down to enter deeper soil below the gardening ground cloth, and field management personnel can operate the tulip seeds conveniently; then, a tulip hybrid progeny cultivation medium (special turf for sowing tulip seeds imported from abroad: sandy loam: 3:2) is laid in the pool and flattened, and the thickness of the medium is 25 cm;

(2) seeding

Harvesting tulip hybrid seeds in the same year, sowing the seeds at the beginning of 10 months, if one hybrid combination has less harvested hybrid seeds, drilling, firstly digging shallow trenches on the substrate, and then uniformly sowing the hybrid seeds in different sowing ditches; if more hybrid seeds are harvested from one hybrid combination, the seeds can be uniformly sown in the pool by adopting broadcasting. After each seed of the hybridization combination is sown, a label is inserted, and the number of the hybridization combination and the sowing date are written; thoroughly watering the culture medium before sowing, uniformly covering 0.4cm of turf after sowing, slightly flattening, uniformly covering a layer of 0.4cm of fine river sand, and thoroughly watering again;

(3) post-broadcast management

When the temperature of the culture substrate is reduced to 0 ℃, a plastic film is covered, so that excessive evaporation of water in winter is prevented, and the emergence rate of the tulip hybrid seeds in spring is improved. From 11 months to 2 months in the next year, watering is not needed, all the air openings of the greenhouse are kept in an open state, and heat insulation is not needed to be covered. The temperature of the culture medium in the whole winter greenhouse is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days.

In 3 months of the next year, when the temperature of the culture medium is close to 1 ℃, removing the film, immediately watering the film for one time to promote the germination of the seeds, and adjusting the indoor air temperature to 7-10 ℃ and then growing seedlings within 7-10 days. At the moment, the air temperature in the greenhouse is regulated to be 10-15 ℃. Watering for 1 time every two weeks, and shading with a shading net in late spring season with strong illumination. And at the end of 5 months, removing withered and yellow parts when the overground plants are completely withered and yellow. And in 6-9 months, the dormancy season of the new bulbs is kept, watering is not carried out, the matrix is kept dry, the air ports are all opened, a sunshade net is covered, and the temperature is reduced. If the rain weather occurs, the air opening is closed in time to prevent the cultivation substrate from being wetted by rain water. At the beginning of 10 months, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 1: 2: 1, applying 10kg of the compound fertilizer per mu. After fertilization, when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, water is permeated for one time, the rooting of the seed balls is promoted, and the natural overwintering of the seed balls is ensured. When the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 0 ℃, a layer of film is covered to prevent the water loss in winter. From 11 months to 2 months in the next year, all the tuyeres of the greenhouse are kept open without covering with heat insulation. The temperature of the culture medium in the whole winter greenhouse is not higher than-5 ℃, and the time length of the low temperature below-5 ℃ is not lower than 90 days.

In 3 months in the third year, when the tulip sprouts out of the soil, the film is removed, water is poured for one time, and the air temperature in the greenhouse is regulated to 10-15 ℃. Watering for 1 time every two weeks, and partial plants can bloom in the middle and last ten months of 4 months. In late spring season, the illumination is strong, and a sunshade net can be used for shading. At the end of 5 months, when the overground plants are completely withered and yellow, the withered and yellow parts are removed. And in 6-9 months, the rest season of the bulb is updated, watering is not carried out, the substrate is kept dry, all air ports are opened, a sunshade net is covered, and the temperature is reduced. If the rain weather occurs, the air opening is closed in time to prevent the cultivation substrate from being wetted by rain water. At the beginning of 10 months, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratio is 1: 2: 1, applying 15kg of compound fertilizer per mu. After fertilization, when the temperature of the culture medium is reduced to 12 ℃, water is permeated for one time, the bulb is promoted to grow roots, and the bulb is ensured to live through the winter naturally.

Furthermore, after 3 years of field cultivation, part of plants can bloom in the third year, and the updated bulbs of the tulip hybrid progeny can all reach the flowering standard.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the cultivation method of the tulip hybrid progeny effectively shortens the breeding period, has important beneficial effects on tulip breeding and industrial development, and is specifically represented as follows:

(1) the breeding period is shortened by 40%, and only 3 years are needed from sowing to flowering, so that the method has important significance for tulip breeding;

(2) the cultivation method does not need the traditional seeding box, seeding tool, cold storage air-conditioned cold store and other supporting facilities, thereby greatly reducing the operation difficulty;

(3) the cultivation method has the advantages of low investment, low cost, simple technical requirement and easy operation, and is particularly suitable for large-scale commercial breeding.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a diagram of the field cultivation of the filial generation of tulip.

Fig. 2 is a traditional box-cultivation cold storage processing diagram of tulip filial generation.

FIG. 3 is a graph of annual seedballs, wherein the left 5 are cultivated in the reserved field and the right 5 are cultivated in a conventional box.

FIG. 4 is a graph of biennial seedballs, with 5 on the left for field cultivation and 5 on the right for traditional box cultivation.

FIG. 5 is a diagram of three-year-old seedballs, wherein 5 grains on the left side are cultivated in a reserved field, and 5 grains on the right side are cultivated in a traditional box.

FIG. 6 is a diagram of a bulb of a filial generation cultivated for 1 to 3 years, in which: 6-1 for 1 year of field cultivation, 6-2 for 1 year of traditional box cultivation, 6-3 for 2 years of field cultivation, 6-4 for 2 years of traditional box cultivation, 6-5 for 3 years of field cultivation, and 6-6 for 3 years of traditional box cultivation.

FIG. 7 is a graph of plant growth with 3 years of field cultivation, with some plants flowering.

FIG. 8 is a diagram of the growth of a conventional 3 year box-planted plant.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail by combining the specific examples as follows: