阅读说明：本技术 一种花生联合干燥设备、系统及方法 (Peanut combined drying equipment, system and method ) 是由 孙庆运 贾振超 张宗超 郭大勇 赵峰 李寒松 孔凡祝 韩梦龙 于贤龙 李英治 于 2021-08-27 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种花生联合干燥设备、系统及方法,其技术方案为干燥设备包括干燥箱体、设于干燥箱体内的转筒,转筒中心安装转轴,所述转轴连接驱动机构；所述转筒内周向均匀布置若干翻动板；所述转筒周向设有与干燥箱体内壁固定的红外加热装置,干燥箱体一端连接负压元件。干燥系统包括干燥设备和预处理单元,预处理单元和干燥设备之间设置上料输送机；干燥设备另一端设置出料输出机。本发明将红外干燥、真空干燥与转筒转动干燥方式相结合,并进行花生针破预处理,提高了花生干燥的均匀性及干燥过程中花生内部水分的迁移速率,提高花生干燥速率；并利用花生针破预处理,降低花生内部水分向外的迁移阻力,降低干燥时间。(The invention discloses peanut combined drying equipment, a peanut combined drying system and a peanut combined drying method, and the technical scheme is that the peanut combined drying equipment comprises a drying box body and a rotary drum arranged in the drying box body, wherein a rotary shaft is arranged at the center of the rotary drum and is connected with a driving mechanism; a plurality of turning plates are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum; the drum is circumferentially provided with an infrared heating device fixed with the inner wall of the drying box body, and one end of the drying box body is connected with a negative pressure element. The drying system comprises drying equipment and a pretreatment unit, and a feeding conveyor is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the drying equipment; the other end of the drying equipment is provided with a discharge output machine. According to the invention, the infrared drying, the vacuum drying and the rotary drum rotation drying mode are combined, and the peanut pin breaking pretreatment is carried out, so that the uniformity of peanut drying and the migration rate of moisture in peanuts in the drying process are improved, and the peanut drying rate is improved; and the peanut pin breaking pretreatment is utilized, so that the outward migration resistance of the moisture in the peanuts is reduced, and the drying time is shortened.)

1. The peanut combined drying equipment is characterized by comprising a drying box body and a rotary drum arranged in the drying box body, wherein a rotary shaft is arranged at the center of the rotary drum and is connected with a driving mechanism;

a plurality of turning plates are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum; the drum is circumferentially provided with an infrared heating device fixed with the inner wall of the drying box body, and one end of the drying box body is connected with a negative pressure element.

2. The peanut combined drying equipment as claimed in claim 1, wherein the turning plate comprises a connecting portion and a turning portion, and the connecting portion and the turning portion are connected to form a set included angle.

3. A peanut combine drying apparatus as claimed in claim 2, wherein said turning portion has a plurality of turning teeth spaced axially along the drum; the turning teeth of the adjacent turning plates are arranged in a staggered manner.

4. A peanut combined drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said infrared heating device is a plurality of infrared heating pipes arranged circumferentially along the inner wall of the drying box and arranged in groups along the axial direction of the drum.

5. A peanut combine dryer apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said negative pressure element is a vacuum pump in communication with an air outlet at the end of the drum.

6. A peanut combine dryer apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said drum is hinged at one end to a corner connector and at the other end to a discharge cylinder, the drum being tiltable by the discharge cylinder.

7. A peanut combine drying apparatus as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rotating drum is a mesh drum, and the rotating drum is connected to the rotating shaft by a support bracket.

8. A peanut combined drying system, which is characterized by comprising the drying equipment as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein a pretreatment unit is arranged at one end of the drying equipment, and a feeding conveyor is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the drying equipment; the other end of the drying equipment is provided with a discharge output machine.

9. A peanut combined drying system as claimed in claim 8, wherein said pretreatment unit includes a conveyor above which are disposed a plurality of synchronously moving pin breaker wheels; and the conveyer is provided with a vibration wheel.

10. A method for combined drying of peanuts, characterized in that a drying system according to any one of claims 8 to 9 is used, comprising:

feeding peanuts into a rotary drum, and extracting air in a drying box body by a negative pressure unit to enable the vacuum degree to reach a set value;

opening the infrared heating device, and keeping the internal temperature of the drying box body at a set temperature; simultaneously, the driving mechanism drives the rotary drum to rotate, wherein the driving mechanism works intermittently; in the drying process, the negative pressure unit works intermittently, and the relative stability of the vacuum degree is kept;

and after the peanuts are dried for a set time, the safe moisture content of the peanuts is reached, the discharge port is opened, the drying box body is jacked up by the discharging hydraulic cylinder, and the dried peanuts are discharged out of the drying equipment and conveyed by the discharging conveyor.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of peanut treatment, in particular to peanut combined drying equipment, a peanut combined drying system and a peanut combined drying method.

Background

At present, the peanut drying mode mainly adopts the field airing and drying, the peanut picking is carried out after the specific moisture content is reached, and then the peanut is tedded until the safe moisture content is below 10 percent; the natural drying has the characteristic of low drying cost, but with the improvement of the harvesting mechanization, the harvesting period of the peanuts is concentrated, so that the drying yard of the peanuts is in short supply, the labor intensity is high, the peanuts are easily influenced by the weather, and the problems of high peanut quality loss, overproof aflatoxin content and the like are caused.

Because the peanuts are easy to cause the problems of saturated fatty acid oxidation and the like at high temperature, the processing quality of the peanuts is reduced, and the peanuts are influenced by shells, so that the moisture loss is slow, the drying time is long, and the thermal efficiency is low. At present, peanut drying equipment mostly adopts a low-temperature hot air drying mode, the hot air temperature is generally not higher than 40 ℃, the drying time is more than 48 hours, the problems of long drying time, low production rate, uneven drying and the like are caused, and the cost of large-scale equipment is higher, so that the application of the peanut drying equipment is less, and the mechanization rate is lower.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide peanut combined drying equipment, a peanut combined drying system and a peanut combined drying method, wherein infrared drying, vacuum drying and rotary drum rotating drying modes are combined, so that the uniformity of peanut drying and the migration rate of moisture in peanuts in the drying process are improved, and the peanut drying rate is improved; and the peanut pin breaking pretreatment is utilized, so that the outward migration resistance of the moisture in the peanuts is reduced, and the drying time is shortened.

In order to achieve the purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

in a first aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides peanut combined drying equipment, which comprises a drying box body and a rotary drum arranged in the drying box body, wherein a rotary shaft is arranged in the center of the rotary drum, and the rotary shaft is connected with a driving mechanism;

a plurality of turning plates are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum; the drum is circumferentially provided with an infrared heating device fixed with the inner wall of the drying box body, and one end of the drying box body is connected with a negative pressure element.

As a further implementation manner, the turning plate comprises a connecting part and a turning part, and the connecting part and the turning part are connected to form a set included angle.

As a further implementation manner, the turning part is provided with a plurality of turning teeth which are arranged at intervals along the axial direction of the rotary drum; the turning teeth of the adjacent turning plates are arranged in a staggered manner.

As a further implementation mode, the infrared heating devices are infrared heating pipes, the infrared heating pipes are arranged in a plurality along the circumferential direction of the inner wall of the drying box body, and a plurality of groups are arranged along the axial direction of the rotary drum.

As a further implementation, the negative pressure element is a vacuum pump, and the vacuum pump is communicated with an air outlet at the end part of the rotary drum.

As a further implementation mode, one end of the rotary drum is hinged to the corner connecting piece, the other end of the rotary drum is provided with a discharging hydraulic cylinder, and the rotary drum can incline under the action of the discharging hydraulic cylinder.

As a further implementation mode, the rotary drum is a net-shaped drum, and the rotary drum is connected with the rotating shaft through a supporting frame.

In a second aspect, the embodiment of the invention also provides a peanut combined drying system, which comprises the drying equipment, wherein a pretreatment unit is arranged at one end of the drying equipment, and a feeding conveyor is arranged between the pretreatment unit and the drying equipment; the other end of the drying equipment is provided with a discharge output machine.

As a further implementation manner, the pretreatment unit comprises a conveyor, and a plurality of needle breaking wheels which move synchronously are arranged above the conveyor; and the conveyer is provided with a vibration wheel.

In a third aspect, the embodiment of the invention provides a peanut combined drying method, which adopts the drying system and comprises the following steps:

feeding peanuts into a rotary drum, and extracting air in a drying box body by a negative pressure unit to enable the vacuum degree to reach a set value;

opening the infrared heating device, and keeping the internal temperature of the drying box body at a set temperature; simultaneously, the driving mechanism drives the rotary drum to rotate, wherein the driving mechanism works intermittently; in the drying process, the negative pressure unit works intermittently, and the relative stability of the vacuum degree is kept;

and after the peanuts are dried for a set time, the safe moisture content of the peanuts is reached, the discharge port is opened, the drying box body is jacked up by the discharging hydraulic cylinder, and the dried peanuts are discharged out of the drying equipment and conveyed by the discharging conveyor.

The invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, the infrared heating device is arranged in the drying box body, the outer side of the drying box body is connected with the negative pressure unit, the infrared drying and the vacuum drying are combined, the water potential difference between the interior of the peanuts and the environment is increased, the outward migration rate of the moisture in the peanuts is improved, and meanwhile, the energy consumption required by the moisture evaporation is reduced; and the rotary drum is arranged in the drying box body, and the drying mode of the rotary drum is combined, so that the materials are always in the turning and scattering states, and the uniformity of peanut drying is improved.

(2) According to the peanut turnover device, the turnover plates are arranged in the rotary drum, the adjacent turnover plates are provided with the turnover teeth which are arranged in a staggered mode, and peanuts are turned over in the rotating process of the rotary drum through the turnover teeth, so that the peanuts are heated more uniformly; the infrared heating pipes are arranged in the circumferential direction and the axial direction of the rotary drum, so that the uniform heating of the peanuts is further ensured.

(3) The peanut drying machine is also provided with a pretreatment unit, holes are formed in the surface of the peanuts through the pin breaking wheel, the outward migration resistance of moisture in the peanuts is reduced, and the drying time is shortened.

Drawings

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, are included to provide a further understanding of the invention, and are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the invention and together with the description serve to explain the invention and not to limit the invention.

FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a drying apparatus according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a drying system according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3(a) is a front view of a flip panel according to one or more embodiments of the present invention;

FIG. 3(b) is a flip side view of the present invention according to one or more embodiments;

FIG. 4 is a schematic illustration of an infrared heating pipe installation of the present invention in accordance with one or more embodiments;

FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-sectional view of a drying cabinet according to one or more embodiments of the invention

The automatic feeding device comprises a control device 1, a pretreatment unit 2, a feeder 21, a conveyor 22, a conveyor 23, a first needle breaking wheel 231, fine needles 24, a second driving motor 25, a third driving motor 26, a second needle breaking wheel 27, a vibrating wheel 3, a feeding conveyor 31, a discharging conveyor 4, a first driving motor 41, a support 42, a speed reducer 5, a rotating shaft 5, a feeding port 6, a feeding hydraulic cylinder 61, a guide plate 62, a drying box 7, a discharging port 71, a rib plate 72, a corner connecting piece 73, a vacuum pump 74, an infrared heating pipe 8, a rotating drum 9, a rotating drum 91, a support frame 92, a turning plate 921, a connecting part 922, a turning part 93, a steel wire mesh 94, a feeding port 95, a discharging port 96, an air outlet and a discharging hydraulic cylinder 10.

Detailed Description

The first embodiment is as follows:

the embodiment provides peanut combined drying equipment, which comprises a drying box body 7, a rotary drum 9, an infrared heating device and a negative pressure unit, wherein the rotary drum 9 and the infrared heating device are arranged inside the drying box body 7, and the negative pressure unit is connected to the outer side of the drying box body 7, as shown in fig. 1.

Further, the drying box body 7 is used for bearing peanuts and drying the peanuts through the combined action of rotation of the rotary drum 9, infrared heating and vacuum pumping of the negative pressure unit. The drying box body 7 is a closed box body, and a rib plate 72 is arranged on the outer side of the drying box body. In the present embodiment, the drying box 7 is provided in a rectangular parallelepiped structure, but of course, in other embodiments, the drying box 7 may have other forms.

And a feeding port 6 is arranged at the top part of the drying box body 7 close to the end part, and peanuts are fed through the feeding port 6. A guide plate 62 is arranged in the drying box body 7 corresponding to the position of the feeding port 6, the guide plate 62 is connected with a feeding hydraulic cylinder 61, and the inclination angle of the guide plate 62 is adjusted through the feeding hydraulic cylinder 61 to realize the on-off control of the feeding port 6.

The bottom of the drying box body 7 is close to one end and is connected with the discharging hydraulic cylinder 10, the other end is close to the discharging hydraulic cylinder, the discharging port 71 is formed in the bottom, and the discharging port 71 corresponds to the discharging conveyor 31. The discharge port 71 is also opened and closed by a hydraulic cylinder. One end of the drying box body 7, which is far away from the discharging hydraulic cylinder 10, is rotatably connected (e.g. hinged) with the corner connecting piece 73, and the drying box body 7 can be inclined under the jacking action of the discharging hydraulic cylinder 10, so that dried peanuts fall into the discharging conveyor 31 from the discharging hole 71.

In this embodiment, the infrared heating device is an infrared heating pipe 8, as shown in fig. 4, the infrared heating pipe 8 is installed on each surface of the inner wall of the drying box 7, and a plurality of groups are arranged at intervals along the length direction of the drying box 7. The infrared heating pipe 8 is vertical to the axis of the rotary drum 9, and the peanuts in the rotary drum 9 can be uniformly heated through the infrared heating pipe 8 arranged in the direction of the rotary drum 9; the infrared drying can realize the consistency of the moisture gradient and the temperature gradient of the peanuts, and improve the drying rate.

Further, the drum 9 is disposed in the drying box 7, and the drum 9 is disposed along the length direction of the drying box 7. A rotating shaft 5 is arranged in the center of the rotating drum 9, and a supporting frame 91 is arranged between the rotating shaft 5 and the rotating drum 9; the rotating shaft 5 is connected with a driving mechanism, and the rotating drum 9 is driven to rotate by the driving mechanism.

The rotating drum 9 is a mesh-shaped drum, i.e. a cylindrical structure is formed by a steel wire mesh 93.

In the present embodiment, the driving mechanism includes a first driving motor 4 and a speed reducer 52, the first driving motor 4 is connected to the rotating shaft 5 through the speed reducer 52, and the speed reducer 52 is fixed to the outside of the drying cabinet 7 through the bracket 41. The rotating speed of the rotating drum 9 ranges from 4r/min to 12 r/min.

A feeding opening 94 is formed at one end of the rotating drum 9, and peanuts enter the rotating drum 9 from the feeding opening 94 through the guide plate 62. A plurality of turning plates 92 are uniformly arranged in the circumferential direction of the rotary drum 9, and in the rotating process of the rotary drum 9, peanuts are turned through the turning plates 92, so that the peanuts are heated more uniformly.

As shown in fig. 3(a) and 3(b), the turning plate 92 includes a connection part 921 and a turning part 922, and the connection part 921 and the turning part 922 are connected to form a set included angle; in this embodiment, the angle between the connecting portion 921 and the flipping portion 922 is 120 °.

The turning part 922 is of a rack structure and is provided with a plurality of turning teeth which are distributed at intervals, and the turning teeth of the adjacent turning plates 92 are arranged in a staggered manner. The turning teeth of the present embodiment are rectangular teeth, and the width L1 of the turning teeth is equal to the distance L2 between adjacent turning teeth.

Further, the negative pressure element is a vacuum pump 74, the vacuum pump 74 is connected to an air outlet 96 of the drying box 7 through a pipeline, and the air outlet 96 of the embodiment is arranged at one end far away from the first driving motor 4; the inside of the drying cabinet 7 is evacuated by the vacuum pump 74. The vacuum degree range of the drying box body 7 is 0MPa to-0.08 MPa.

Each outlet and the connecting part of the drying box body 7 of the embodiment are sealed, and the sealing performance in the box body is guaranteed.

The working principle of the embodiment is as follows:

and (3) airing the harvested peanuts in the field until the moisture content is below 25%, starting to remove the peanuts, and then drying and processing the peanuts by using peanut drying equipment. After the drying equipment starts to work, the feeding port 6 and the feeding port 94 are opened, peanuts are fed, and the peanuts enter the rotary drum 9 through the guide plate 62; the feed is stopped when the material fills 3/4 above drum 9, closing feed inlet 6 and feed inlet 94.

And starting the vacuum pump 74 to ensure that the vacuum degree in the drying box body 7 reaches-0.05 MPa to-0.08 MPa, wherein the vacuum pump 74 works intermittently in the drying process to discharge the water lost by the peanuts in the drying process and simultaneously keep the relative stability of the vacuum degree. Then, the first driving motor 4 is turned on to drive the rotary drum 9 to rotate, the rotating speed is kept at about 4-6 r/min, the peanuts are turned under the action of the turning plate 92, the first driving motor 4 works intermittently for 10min, and the work is stopped for 10-50 min; and opening the infrared heating pipe 8 to control the temperature in the drying box body 7 to be kept at 40-50 ℃.

According to the vacuum infrared drying characteristic of the peanuts, after the peanuts are dried for 24-48 hours, the vacuum pump 74 stops working and releases pressure after the peanuts reach the safe water content of below 10%, the infrared heating pipe 8 and the first driving motor 4 are closed, the discharge hole 71 and the discharge hole 95 are opened simultaneously, the discharging hydraulic cylinder 10 works to jack up the drying box body 7, the dried peanuts are discharged out of the drying equipment and conveyed through the discharge conveyor 31.

The vacuum infrared combined drying of the peanuts can be realized, the peanuts can be uniformly stirred and dried through the rotary drum 9, and parameters such as infrared heating power, radiation distance, vacuum degree, rotary drum rotating speed and the like can be adjusted; the drying efficiency is improved.

Example two:

the embodiment provides a peanut combined drying system, as shown in fig. 2, which comprises a pretreatment unit 2, a feeding conveyor 3, drying equipment and a discharging conveyor 31, which are arranged in sequence, wherein the drying equipment adopts the structure described in the first embodiment.

Further, the pretreatment unit comprises a conveyor 22 and a plurality of needle breaking wheels, wherein the conveyor 22 is transversely arranged and is driven by a second driving motor 24; the feeding end of the conveyor 22 is provided with a funnel-shaped feeder 21. The feeding conveyor 3 is arranged obliquely, one end of the feeding conveyor corresponds to the lower part of the discharging end of the conveyor 22, and the other end of the feeding conveyor corresponds to the feeding opening 6 of the drying equipment.

The needle breaking wheels are arranged above the conveyor 22 at intervals and comprise a disc and fine needles 231 uniformly arranged along the circumferential direction of the disc, and the length of each fine needle 231 is less than or equal to the thickness of a peanut shell and is adjusted according to peanut varieties; the fine needle 231 enables the peanut shell to generate irregular needle holes, thereby effectively promoting the heat transfer and improving the migration rate of water in the shell and the nutlet.

In this embodiment, two needle breaking wheels are provided, namely a first needle breaking wheel 23 and a second needle breaking wheel 26, and the first needle breaking wheel 23 and the second needle breaking wheel 26 are connected with a third driving motor 25 through a synchronous belt mechanism so as to realize synchronous rotation of the two.

Further, a vibrating wheel 27 is mounted in the conveyor 22, and the vibrating wheel 27 is a rotating disk-shaped cam, so that the conveyor belt of the conveyor 22 is periodically vibrated, thereby flatly laying the peanuts on the conveyor 22.

The drying system of the present embodiment further includes a control device 1, and the control device 1 is configured to control the operation of each apparatus.

Example three:

the embodiment provides a peanut combined drying method, and the drying system of the embodiment II comprises the following steps:

after the peanuts are harvested, airing the peanuts in the field until the moisture content is below 25%, starting to remove the peanuts, then enabling the peanuts to enter a pretreatment unit 2, and generating irregular pinholes on the surfaces of peanut shells through a pin breaking wheel; then feeding the peanuts into the rotary drum 9, and pumping air in the drying box body 7 by using a vacuum pump 74 to ensure that the vacuum degree reaches-0.05 MPa to-0.08 MPa; and opening the infrared heating pipe 8 to keep the internal temperature of the drying box body 7 at 40-50 ℃.

Meanwhile, the first driving motor 4 drives the rotary drum 9 to rotate, the rotating speed is kept at about 4-6 r/min, the first driving motor 4 works intermittently for 10min, and the work is stopped for 10-50 min. In the drying process, the vacuum pump 74 works intermittently to discharge the water lost by the peanuts in the drying process and keep the relative stability of the vacuum degree; according to the vacuum infrared drying characteristic of peanuts, after the peanuts are dried for 24-48 hours and reach safe moisture content, a discharge hole 71 is opened, a drying box body 7 is jacked up by an unloading hydraulic cylinder 10, and the dried peanuts are discharged out of drying equipment and conveyed by a discharge conveyor 31.

The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present application and is not intended to limit the present application, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall be included in the protection scope of the present application.