阅读说明：本技术 一种FeNiAlNb基销轴多层复合结构材料摩擦学设计与制备方法 (Tribological design and preparation method of FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material ) 是由 杨慷 卞会涛 殷雪 赵卫兵 马洪儒 李爱虎 王连富 曹增志 曹帅涛 张飞志 于 2019-09-30 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种FeNiAlNb基销轴多层复合结构材料摩擦学设计及其制备方法,它是以FeNiAlNb基体、减摩剂、抗磨剂与增强剂为组分,通过多元板状晶体制备,各层材料组分设计与计算、振动混合、热压成型、多层结构复合和后续机加工工序后制备出一种FeNiAlNb基销轴多层复合结构材料；在摩擦膜、承载过渡层和基体承载层通过对基体合金、减摩剂、抗磨剂与增强剂合理设计与优化配比,提高了材料利用率,降低了生产成本,还使得FeNiAlNb基销轴多层复合结构材料在具有优异的热稳定性与机械学性能的同时,满足高低温、高载荷工况下摩擦磨损性能,这在显著提高销轴连接强度与承载力的前提下,也明显增强了销轴的使用精度与服役寿命。(The invention discloses a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material tribology design and a preparation method thereof, which takes a FeNiAlNb matrix, an antifriction agent, an antiwear agent and a reinforcing agent as components, and prepares a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material through multi-element plate-shaped crystal preparation, design and calculation of each layer of material component, vibration mixing, hot press molding, multilayer structure compounding and subsequent machining procedures; the friction film, the bearing transition layer and the base bearing layer are reasonably designed and optimally matched with the base alloy, the antifriction agent, the antiwear agent and the reinforcing agent, so that the material utilization rate is improved, the production cost is reduced, the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material has excellent thermal stability and mechanical property, and simultaneously meets the friction and wear performance under the working conditions of high temperature, low temperature and high load, and the service precision and service life of the pin shaft are obviously enhanced on the premise of obviously improving the connection strength and the bearing capacity of the pin shaft.)

1. The utility model provides a FeNiAlNb base round pin axle multilayer composite construction material tribology design which characterized in that: the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structural material is prepared by using FeNiAlNb alloy, an antifriction agent, an antiwear agent and a reinforcing agent as raw materials through the processes of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation and superposition molding.

2. The tribological design of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the multilayer structure is a three-layer composite structure which comprises a friction film, a bearing transition layer and a base bearing layer, and the thickness ratio of the layers is (5-8): (20-43): (52-72).

3. The FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structural material tribology design according to claim 2, characterized in that: the friction film mainly comprises 7-12wt.% of FeNiAlNb alloy, 25-40wt.% of friction reducing agent, 30-45wt.% of antiwear agent and 12-23wt.% of reinforcing agent; wherein the friction reducer comprises 35-55wt.% of soft metal SnPtPbAg, 20-36wt.% of rare earth fluorocarbon cerium and 15-30wt.% of lath MoBNbO, and the mass ratio of Sn, Pt, Pb and Ag in the soft metal SnPtPbAg is (25-43): 20-34): 15-24): 10-18); the antiwear agent comprises 40-55wt.% WC nanoparticles, 23-42wt.% graphene, and 10-23wt.% tungsten disulfide; the reinforcing agent comprises 33-52wt.% of magnesium sulfate whiskers, 28-46wt.% of potassium titanate whiskers and 9-22wt.% of ceramic fibers; the load bearing transition layer comprises 25-39wt.% of FeNiAlNb alloy, 5-15wt.% of a friction reducer, 10-18wt.% of an antiwear agent, and 30-47wt.% of a reinforcing agent, wherein the friction reducer comprises 15-35wt.% of a soft metal SnPtPbAg, 22-34wt.% of a rare earth-fluorine-carbon and 35-52wt.% of an lath MoBNbO; wherein the mass ratio of the elements of the soft metal SnPtPbAg is (18-30): (17-27): 12-23): 25-35); the antiwear agent consists essentially of 38-53wt.% WC nanoparticles, 22-42wt.% graphene, and 12-25wt.% tungsten disulfide; the reinforcing agent comprises 34 to 53 weight percent of magnesium sulfate whisker, 27 to 45 weight percent of potassium titanate whisker and 10 to 21 weight percent of ceramic fiber; the substrate bearing layer is pure FeNiAlNb-based alloy which consists of Fe, Ni, Al, Nb, B, Yb, Zr and Y, and the mass ratio of the elements is 61.5:14.5:10.5:7:4:0.9:0.9: 0.7.

4. The method for tribological design and preparation of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the preparation process of the multilayer platy crystal MoBNbO comprises the following steps: weighing ammonium molybdate, boron powder and niobium powder with the average particle size of 35-45 mu m, finely grinding and uniformly mixing the ammonium molybdate, the boron powder and the niobium powder according to the mol ratio of 5 (2-3) (1-2), sintering the obtained ingredients in a vacuum furnace, slowly introducing 90-115 ml/min of oxygen in the sintering process to promote the oxidative synthesis reaction, wherein the sintering temperature is 450-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10.5-12.5h, and the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min, thus obtaining the multilayer plate crystal MoBNbO.

5. The method for tribological design and preparation of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 1, characterized in that: the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material is finally obtained through the procedures of multi-element plate crystal preparation, material design of each layer, calculation and proportioning, vibration mixing, hot press molding, multilayer structure compounding and subsequent machining.

6. The method for tribological design and preparation of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the vibration mixing step: placing the powder of each layer in a pneumatic vacuum mixer for mixing, wherein the outer tank of the mixer is a quartz tank, and the inner tank of the mixer is a polytetrafluoroethylene tank; the argon flow is used as a mixed power source, and the flow rate of the argon is 120-125m³And h, the vibration force of the tank body is 9230-11200N, the vibration frequency is 43-49Hz, and the vibration time is 125-145 min.

7. The FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structural material tribology design according to claim 5, characterized in that: the hot-press molding process comprises the following steps: and respectively putting the uniformly mixed powder into a 60T hot press to perform hot press molding on the metal composite powder, wherein the applied pressure is 15-21MPa, the pressing temperature is 145-165 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 130-145 min, and the air is released every 20-25s for 5-7s, and the operation is repeatedly performed for 4-6 times to remove the air in the cavity of the pressing die, so that the sheet structures of each layer of the friction film, the bearing transition layer and the matrix bearing layer are respectively obtained.

8. The method for tribological design and preparation of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the preparation method of the multilayer composite structure material comprises the following steps: firstly, the friction film, the bearing transition layer and the substrate bearing layer laminated thin sheet are sequentially arranged in a graphite mould with the diameter of 34-40mm, and each layer of material is sintered by hot pressing under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 967-1090-^oC. The sintering pressure is 22-25MPa, the heat preservation time is 155min, and the heating rate is 93-107^oC/min。

9. The method for tribological design and preparation of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material according to claim 5, characterized in that: the subsequent machining process comprises the following steps: the turning speed is 785-; and cleaning peripheral burrs and flashes by using a polishing machine, and performing surface treatment by using an electrostatic spraying process, wherein the equipment rotation speed is 880 plus 950r/min, the temperature is 45-62 ℃, and finally the friction experiment sample of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material is obtained.

10. The tribological design of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: it has a coefficient of friction value of 0.27-0.34 and a wear rate value of 2.53-3.42X 10^-6cm³·N^-1·m^-1。

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical research field of antifriction and wear-resistant materials such as pin shafts, shaft sleeves and sleeves, and particularly relates to a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of self-lubricating composite material multilayer structure design and preparation under extreme service environment.

Background

Due to the rapid development of modern high-end mechanical assembly technology, large-scale suspension objects require the connecting pin shaft to have large bearing capacity, high specific strength, good thermodynamic performance and the like, but large friction and high abrasion are easily formed under the action of composite working conditions such as high temperature, heavy load, high speed and the like. The high friction causes high frictional resistance, generates high frictional heat, and causes a large amount of energy consumption in the case of increasing frictional wear. The high abrasion causes large gaps, cracks and the like on the friction contact surface, and brings huge potential safety hazards to safety production. At present, the hinge connection is mainly used for locking a static split pin and rotating in a hook hole, and related reports are written in the patent applicant, capital and state machinery ltd, a pin device, CN201811356426.5, the patent applicant, yuhuan, medium petroleum machinery ltd, a pin device, CN 201821224277.2. However, the sliding friction and wear performance of the currently used pin shaft is poor, and a good lubricating effect can be achieved only when lubricating grease is required to be coated between the matching surfaces of the shaft holes. In the actual working process, the lubricating grease film is easily damaged due to sudden change of working conditions and vibration impact, pitting corrosion and adhesion on the friction surface are aggravated, and particularly, the friction wear performance is rapidly reduced (Zhang Yufeng Qiming Songjie suspension emitter vibration simulation and hook pin shaft wear experimental study, 3 rd year 2019), so that the use safety, reliability, use precision and service life of the pin shaft are directly influenced, the requirements of high-end mechanical assembly development in China cannot be met, and the international competitiveness of high-end assembly machinery in China is also limited. Therefore, the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material with high mechanical property, good thermodynamic property and excellent frictional wear property is designed and prepared, and has important method reference value and potential engineering application value for promoting and improving the development and development of high-end equipment technology in China.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a tribology design and a preparation method of a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material aiming at the pin shaft engineering problem which cannot be solved by the prior art, and the material has excellent friction reduction and wear resistance under the condition of meeting the pin shaft strength and the connection rigidity, and is a good method and an effective way for solving the excessive friction and the serious wear of the connection pin shaft and promoting the technical development and the development of high-end equipment in China.

The technical solution adopted by the present invention to solve the above-mentioned problems can be described as the following steps:

a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material tribology design and a preparation method thereof are characterized in that a FeNiAlNb matrix, an antifriction agent, an antiwear agent and a reinforcing agent are used as components, and pin shaft multilayer composite structure self-lubricating materials with different thicknesses, different contents of reinforcing materials and different components are prepared through design, wherein the preparation process can be described as the following steps:

the tribology design of the multilayer composite structure material for the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft comprises a three-layer structure of a friction film, a bearing transition layer and a substrate bearing layer, and the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material is prepared by using FeNiAlNb alloy, an antifriction agent (soft metal, fluorocarbon cerium rare earth and plate crystal), an antiwear agent (nano WC, graphene and tungsten disulfide) and a reinforcing agent (magnesium sulfate whisker, potassium titanate whisker and ceramic fiber) as raw materials through the processes of layer-by-layer design, layer-by-layer proportioning, layer-by-layer preparation and superposition molding.

The multilayer composite structural material for the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft in the step 1) is in a three-layer composite structure, namely a friction film, a bearing transition layer and a base bearing layer, wherein the thickness ratio of each layer of structure is (5-8): 20-43): 52-72.

The multilayer composite structure material tribology design of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft in the step 2) is characterized in that the FeNiAlNb alloy, the antifriction agent, the antiwear agent and the reinforcing agent are different in component proportion in each layer of the multilayer composite structure material, and a friction film mainly comprises 7-12wt.% of FeNiAlNb alloy, 25-40wt.% of antifriction agent, 30-45wt.% of antiwear agent and 12-23wt.% of reinforcing agent; wherein the friction reducer comprises 35-55wt.% of soft metal SnPtPbAg, 20-36wt.% of rare earth fluorocarbon cerium and 15-30wt.% of lath MoBNbO, and the mass ratio of Sn, Pt, Pb and Ag in the soft metal SnPtPbAg is (25-43): 20-34): 15-24): 10-18); the antiwear agent comprises 40-55wt.% WC nanoparticles, 23-42wt.% graphene, and 10-23wt.% tungsten disulfide; the reinforcing agent comprises 33-52wt.% of magnesium sulfate whiskers, 28-46wt.% of potassium titanate whiskers and 9-22wt.% of ceramic fibers; the load bearing transition layer comprises 25-39wt.% of FeNiAlNb alloy, 5-15wt.% of a friction reducer, 10-18wt.% of an antiwear agent, and 30-47wt.% of a reinforcing agent, wherein the friction reducer comprises 15-35wt.% of a soft metal SnPtPbAg, 22-34wt.% of a rare earth-fluorine-carbon and 35-52wt.% of an lath MoBNbO; wherein the mass ratio of the elements of the soft metal SnPtPbAg is (18-30): (17-27): 12-23): 25-35); the antiwear agent consists essentially of 38-53wt.% WC nanoparticles, 22-42wt.% graphene, and 12-25wt.% tungsten disulfide; the reinforcing agent comprises 34 to 53 weight percent of magnesium sulfate whisker, 27 to 45 weight percent of potassium titanate whisker and 10 to 21 weight percent of ceramic fiber; the substrate bearing layer is pure FeNiAlNb-based alloy which consists of Fe, Ni, Al, Nb, B, Yb, Zr and Y, and the mass ratio of the elements is 61.5:14.5:10.5:7:4:0.9:0.9: 0.7.

The tribology design and preparation method of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material in the step 1) comprises the following steps of: weighing ammonium molybdate, boron powder and niobium powder with the average particle size of 35-45 mu m, finely grinding and uniformly mixing the ammonium molybdate, the boron powder and the niobium powder according to the mol ratio of 5 (2-3) (1-2), sintering the obtained ingredients in a vacuum furnace, slowly introducing 90-115 ml/min of oxygen in the sintering process to promote the oxidative synthesis reaction, wherein the sintering temperature is 450-530 ℃, the heat preservation time is 10.5-12.5h, and the heating rate is 2-5 ℃/min, thus obtaining the multilayer plate crystal MoBNbO.

The multilayer composite structural material of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft in the step 1) is obtained through the processes of preparation of a multi-element plate-shaped crystal, material design of each layer, calculation and proportioning, vibration mixing, hot press molding, multilayer structure compounding and subsequent machining.

Step 5) of tribology design and preparation of FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure materialA method, the vibration mixing step: placing the powder of each layer in a pneumatic vacuum mixer for mixing, wherein the outer tank of the mixer is a quartz tank, and the inner tank of the mixer is a polytetrafluoroethylene tank; the argon flow is used as a mixed power source, and the flow rate of the argon is 120-125m³And h, the vibration force of the tank body is 9230-11200N, the vibration frequency is 43-49Hz, and the vibration time is 125-145 min.

The tribology design and preparation method of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material in the step 5) comprises the following steps of: and respectively putting the uniformly mixed powder into a 60T hot press to perform hot press molding on the metal composite powder, wherein the applied pressure is 15-21MPa, the pressing temperature is 145-165 ℃, the heat preservation and pressure maintaining time is 130-145 min, and the air is released every 20-25s for 5-7s, and the operation is repeatedly performed for 4-6 times to remove the air in the cavity of the pressing die, so that the sheet structures of each layer of the friction film, the bearing transition layer and the matrix bearing layer are respectively obtained.

The tribology design and preparation method of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material in the step 5), wherein the preparation method of the multilayer composite structure material comprises the following steps: firstly, the friction film, the bearing transition layer and the substrate bearing layer laminated thin sheet are sequentially arranged in a graphite mould with the diameter of 34-40mm, and each layer of material is sintered by hot pressing under the protection of argon, wherein the sintering temperature is 967-1090-^oC. The sintering pressure is 22-25MPa, the heat preservation time is 155min, and the heating rate is 93-107^oC/min。

The tribology design and preparation method of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material in the step 5) comprises the following machining procedures: the turning speed is 785-; and cleaning peripheral burrs and flashes by using a polishing machine, and performing surface treatment by using an electrostatic spraying process, wherein the equipment rotation speed is 880 plus 950r/min, the temperature is 45-62 ℃, and finally the friction experiment sample of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material is obtained.

The FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material in the step 1) has the friction coefficient value of 0.27-0.34 and the wear rate value of 2.53-3.42 multiplied by 10^-6cm³·N^-1·m^-1。

In the scheme, the vibration material mixing process in the step 6) is to pre-mix the nonmetal composite fibers and the reinforced fibers, ensure the uniform dispersion of the composite fibers, add other ingredients, and oscillate uniformly. Wherein the diameter of the hot-press molding pressed composite metal sheet is 33-39mm, and the thickness is 1.1-1.5 mm.

The FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material provided by the invention has excellent tribological performance, moderate friction coefficient of 0.27-0.34, small fluctuation range up and down, low wear rate of 2.53-3.42 multiplied by 10^-6 cm³·N^-1·m^-1。

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

the invention takes FeNiAlNb alloy, antiwear agent, heat conduction agent and reinforcing agent as components, and prepares a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material through processes of vibration mixing, hot press molding, superposition molding and the like, the preparation method is simple, the preparation process is easy to control, the efficiency is high, the process parameters are stable, the operation is easy to control, the preparation process result is stable, the raw material cost is moderate, and no corrosion or other harmful materials are generated;

the soft metal SnPtPbAg, the multi-element platy crystal and other materials are lubricated in a synergistic manner, so that the tribological performance of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft is greatly improved, the soft metal SnPtPbAg, the friction reducing agent and other anti-seizure properties are outstanding, the high-temperature resistance is strong, a friction contact interface with high bearing capacity is easily formed by bonding with metal materials such as steel, iron and the like, and the soft metal SnPtPbAg and the multi-element platy crystal and other materials have good corrosion resistance, wear resistance and other excellent characteristics; the multilayer plate-shaped crystal has the functions of buffering and energy absorption, can effectively improve the impact, vibration and the like in the friction process, and reduces the influence of friction resistance and the like on the friction surface damage;

in the research on the preparation of the pin shaft, the pin shaft is distributed in a multi-layer gradient manner, so that the thickness of the pin shaft is moderate, and raw materials are well utilized. Compared with the material with uniformly distributed pin shafts, the material has the advantages that the relative usage amount of the reinforcing material can be saved, and the excellent tribological performance can be ensured; meanwhile, the multilayer composite structure material not only meets the requirement of the pin shaft on the structural strength, but also obviously improves the lubricating effect.

The invention relates to a FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft multilayer composite structure material, which takes a FeNiAlNb substrate as an interlayer connecting material, so that the structures are tightly combined and have stable performance, the cracking or the damage of the structures under the action of high-strength pressure and ultrahigh and low temperature can be effectively overcome, the fatigue loosening, the high-temperature peeling and the like can be obviously reduced, the service life of a pin shaft can be effectively prolonged while the use precision of the pin shaft is improved.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a manufacturing process embodying the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an electron micrograph of a multilayer plate-like crystal MoBNbO powder prepared in example 1.

FIG. 3 is a friction coefficient curve diagram of a multilayer FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material prepared in embodiments 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a histogram of the wear rates of a multilayer FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material prepared in examples 1, 2 and 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is an electron microscope topography of the bonding state of the bearing transition layer and the substrate bearing layer of the multilayer structure FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material prepared under the conditions of example 2.

FIG. 6 is an electron probe view of the tribological wear surface of a multilayer FeNiAlNb-based pin material prepared under the conditions of example 2.

FIG. 7 is a SEM image of the tribological wear surface of a multilayer FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material prepared in example 3 of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is a 3D microscopic morphology grayscale image of the frictional wear of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material with the multilayer structure prepared in example 3.

FIG. 9 is a black-and-white chart of the 3D micro-morphology of the FeNiAlNb-based pin shaft material with the multilayer structure prepared in example 3.

Detailed Description

In order to better develop and verify the present invention, the following examples are provided to illustrate the main research contents of the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

The conditions of the friction test in the following examples were a load of 4 to 8N, a speed of 0.10 to 0.15m/s, a time of 70min and a friction radius of 4.0 to 4.5 mm.