阅读说明：本技术 一种转向架试验台的几何量尺寸校准方法 (Geometric dimension calibration method for bogie test bed ) 是由 韩雪峰 张小川 张强 于 2021-06-18 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种转向架试验台的几何量尺寸校准方法,使用自动数字水准仪、轴距校准仪器、轮肩校准仪器,在转向架试验台的计量模式下,按照所述校准方法,人工输入指令,校准人员使用上述仪器,完成试验台的几何量尺寸校准；本发明设计科学合理、校准仪器结构简单、使用便捷,采用该校准方法能准确完成试验台的几何量尺寸校准,规范了校准行为并能在行业内溯源和量值传递,满足转向试验台的几何量尺寸校准要求,提高了机车转向架组装后称重试验的准确性和可靠性,保障了转向架的产品质量和性能。(The invention discloses a method for calibrating the geometric dimension of a bogie test bed, which uses an automatic digital level, a wheel base calibrating instrument and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument, and manually inputs instructions according to the calibrating method under the metering mode of the bogie test bed, so that a calibrator uses the instruments to finish the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed; the invention has scientific and reasonable design, simple structure of the calibrating instrument and convenient use, can accurately finish the calibration of the geometric dimension of the test bed by adopting the calibrating method, standardizes the calibrating action, can trace the source and transfer the quantity value in the industry, meets the requirement of the calibration of the geometric dimension of the steering test bed, improves the accuracy and reliability of the weighing test after the locomotive bogie is assembled, and ensures the product quality and performance of the bogie.)

1. A method for calibrating the geometric dimension of a bogie test bed comprises the steps of using an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibrating instrument and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument calibrating device under the metering mode of the bogie test bed, and manually inputting instructions according to a calibrating method to finish the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed; the method is characterized in that: the geometrical dimension calibration steps of the bogie test bed are as follows:

step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has technical certification needs to operate on a management level set by the test bed, and the bogie test bed enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:

s1, ensuring that no bogie exists on the test bed;

s2, starting the machine to enter an operation mode, and setting the state of the equipment;

s3, placing the calibration instrument on the equipment, and placing the calibration instrument on the bogie test bed accurately, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, the calibration instrument needs to be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;

step two, preparing a calibration device:

the calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibrating instrument and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument;

s1, calibrating instrument for bogie test bed wheelbase: the wheel base calibrator is used for calibrating every year according to data given by a calibration certificate;

s2, calibrating the steering frame wheel shoulder: the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument needs to be calibrated every year and used according to data given by a calibrating certificate;

s3, instrument for height measurement: an automatic digital level for measuring level and level difference;

s4, a using method of the automatic digital level:

s4.1, placing the level gauge on a tripod and placing the level gauge at the front end of the test bed at a short distance;

s4.2, adjusting a knob below the leveling instrument until the 'tic' sound does not exist, and adjusting the leveling instrument to be in a horizontal position;

s4.3, aligning the level to the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;

s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be the horizontal height;

step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, cleaning the running surface of the linear guide rail by using clean cloth to ensure that the working surface is clean and has no appearance defects such as corrosion and the like which influence the calibration result;

step four, horizontal calibration:

s1, calibrating the horizontal error of the guide rail foundation of the bogie test bed: connecting and installing an automatic digital level with a tripod, and adjusting the level; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of a foundation at the point A, after an automatic digital level is adjusted to align to the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level automatically focuses on a measuring reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, A, B, E, F-point foundation horizontal height values are measured in sequence according to the method, A, B, E, F four-point foundation horizontal height values are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is a guide rail foundation horizontal error, the guide rail foundation horizontal error is qualified if the difference is less than 0.5mm, and the foundation horizontal adjustment is carried out if the difference is more than 0.5 mm;

s2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is reduced, then, a level gauge and a measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively placed at six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F, after the level gauge is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level gauge is pressed, the level gauge automatically focuses for measuring reading, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, the difference is qualified when the difference is less than 0.2mm, and the horizontal adjustment of the weighing unit is required when the difference is more than 0.2 mm;

step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is centered and calibrated; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis or not and whether the width of the gauge is changed correspondingly or not, wherein the function is specially used for the calibration and maintenance of the bogie; the track gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and close to the guide rails, and the width of the track gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position meter sensors on the left and right of the bogie;

s1, the auxiliary cross beam does not need to be removed, and a wheel base calibration instrument is installed;

firstly, moving a weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm positions according to the axle distance of a locomotive bogie, lifting and installing an axle distance calibration instrument with a cylindrical fixing rod on a main oil cylinder I of an auxiliary cross beam, screwing three fastening screws on the auxiliary cross beam to ensure that a support frame is fastened, placing the axle distance calibration instrument at A, E two points, pushing the weighing unit A, E two points by hands, and plugging a gap between a calibration plate of the axle distance calibration instrument and a support wheel of the weighing unit by a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are contacted;

s2, entering a metering mode, and recording and storing data given by a calibration certificate of the wheelbase calibration instrument at a position parameter 017 of a point A of the weighing unit; recording and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument at a position parameter 021 of a point A of the weighing unit;

s3, exiting the metering mode, lifting the wheelbase calibrating instrument upwards, moving the weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm positions according to the wheelbase of the locomotive bogie, mounting the wheelbase calibrating instrument, placing the wheelbase calibrating instrument at A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A, C by hands, and plugging a gap between a calibrating plate of the wheelbase calibrating instrument and a supporting wheel of the weighing unit by a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are contacted; then entering a metering mode, recording and storing data given by a calibration instrument calibration certificate at a position parameter 019 of a point A of the weighing unit, and completing the position calibration of A, C, E three weighing units on one side of the master cylinder;

s4, detaching the wheelbase calibrating instrument and installing the wheelbase calibrating instrument on a second main oil cylinder of the test bed, tightening the three fastening screws to ensure that the support frame is fastened, and calibrating the position calibration of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate is arranged on the supporting wheels of all the weighing units, and the clearance between the calibration plate and the supporting wheels of the weighing units is plugged by a feeler gauge;

sixthly, calibrating the height of the main oil cylinder (Z-axis): after a bogie is loaded on equipment, the height of a main oil cylinder is measured and calculated through a level gauge;

step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed:

s1, pressing the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument to the wheel measuring unit of the sliding frame, manually enabling the calibrating instrument to be close to the measuring unit, and ensuring that the laser sensor displays a specified working plane, namely the wheel shoulders of a group of measuring units; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode respectively correspond to the points A-F, and the sizes specified on the certificate are input into software and stored;

s2, rotating the wheel shoulder calibration instrument by 180 degrees, pressing the instrument onto a support wheel of the sliding frame, aligning the instrument with the laser sensor, and inputting and storing the specified size on the certificate as a second point into software;

s3, repeating the above processes, and sequentially calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units;

s4, finally, carrying out inspection measurement; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensors, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the dimension calibrated on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the dimension calibrated on the certificate, which shows that the calibration meets the requirement; if the data are inconsistent, indicating that the calibration has errors, recalibrating until the data are consistent;

step eight, processing of calibration results and calibration period

S1, after being calibrated, providing a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report;

s2, the calibration period of the bogie test bed is one year, and the calibration is needed after factors influencing accurate measurement appear;

s3, after 5 years of use, the measurement cell license expires, requiring a special agency to recalibrate.

2. The method for calibrating the geometric dimension of the bogie test stand according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wheelbase calibration instrument comprises a support frame, a fixing rod and a calibration plate, wherein the support frame is of a triangular support structure consisting of a bottom rod and bilaterally symmetrical inclined rods, a vertical rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod, the inclined rods are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom rod, and the other ends of the two inclined rods are fixedly connected with two sides of the top end of the vertical rod; the upright stanchion is of a hollow structure and is provided with a cylindrical central fixing rod in a penetrating way, the upper part of the fixing rod is fixedly provided with a circular connecting disc and a bell and spigot, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the circular connecting disc; two ends of the support frame are respectively and fixedly provided with a Y-shaped calibration plate downwards, the lower part of the Y-shaped calibration plate is provided with two 45-degree branched angle plates, and the ends of the angle plates are 45-degree crossed cross sections.

3. The method for calibrating the geometric dimension of the bogie test stand according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument comprises a fixing groove and a span beam and forms an integral structure, the fixing groove is an L-shaped angle steel, and the span beam is fixedly arranged at the middle position of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of locomotive bogie tests, and particularly relates to a method for calibrating the geometric dimension of a bogie test bed.

Background

The bogie is a key part on the locomotive and is used for transferring various loads, the adhesion between wheel rails is utilized to ensure the generation of traction force and braking force, the motion conversion is realized, the power impact effect is reduced, the bogie smoothly passes through a curve, and the quality of the bogie is directly related to the normal operation and safety guarantee of the locomotive. The bogie test bed is special comprehensive detection equipment for carrying out a static load test after the locomotive bogie is assembled, has detection functions of length measurement, force measurement, spring calculation, air tightness test and the like, is key equipment in bogie manufacturing or overhauling, has a complex structure and higher technical requirement precision, and has the property of periodically carrying out geometric dimension calibration. The calibration scheme of the geometric dimension of the bogie test bed is complex, so that professional maintenance personnel are required to install a large detection tool, operate professional equipment and cooperate with metering personnel to complete periodic detection and calibration work of the bogie test bed.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for calibrating the geometric dimension of a bogie test bed, which uses calibration devices such as an automatic digital level, a wheel base calibration instrument, a wheel shoulder calibration instrument and the like, and manually inputs instructions according to the calibration method under the metering mode of the bogie test bed to finish the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed; the method defines the traceability and quantity value transmission of the calibration device, the specific calibration technical requirements of the test bed and the calibration method, meets the requirements on the calibration of the geometric quantity and the size of the bogie test bed, eliminates the problems that equipment is easy to damage, personal safety is endangered, the calibration work of the test bed cannot be carried out efficiently and the like, and ensures the detection accuracy of the bogie test bed.

The bogie test bed adopts a computer to control a hydraulic servo loading device to accurately simulate the quality of locomotives of different models, carries out a static loading test on a bogie, detects parameters such as the bogie wheelbase, the axle parallelism, the wheelbase, the frame four-corner height, the wheel weight difference, the axle weight difference and the like of the bogie in a simulated falling state through an accurate electronic detection system, and automatically analyzes whether the wheel load distribution is in a specified range; the bogie test bed comprises a machine base, stand columns, cross beams, main oil cylinders, lifting guide rails, linear guide rails, a centering device (longitudinal), a weighing unit, a hydraulic system and an electrical control system, wherein the stand columns are fixedly arranged on two sides of the machine base of the bogie test bed, the cross beams are connected between the stand columns and can adjust the height, and the two main oil cylinders are arranged on the cross beams and can move in the cross beams; each side of the machine base is longitudinally provided with a linear guide rail, three groups of weighing units, namely A, C, E points and B, D, F points, are arranged on a sliding block of the linear guide rail on each side, and the six groups of weighing units can move along the linear guide rail to automatically adjust the positions so as to adapt to the test of bogies with different wheelbases; the two sides of the test bed are provided with lifting guide rails, a tested bogie can be sent into the test bed, and wheels of the tested bogie are arranged on the supporting wheels of the weighing unit sliding frame during working.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for calibrating the geometric dimension of a bogie test bed is characterized in that under a bogie test bed metering mode, an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibrating instrument and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument are used for completing the geometric dimension calibration of the test bed, and the geometric property of weighing after a locomotive bogie is assembled is met; the geometry size calibration items of the bogie test bed total 5 items: (1) the test bed appearance; (2) the level of the guide rail foundation and the level of six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F; (3) measuring the wheelbase of the sliding frame by the wheels; (4) wheel measuring and sliding frame wheelbase centering and height calibration (Z axis); (5) calibrating a test bed wheel shoulder; in the calibration work, a difference method and a direct measurement method are adopted; the steps of the geometrical dimension calibration of the bogie test bed are as follows:

step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has technical certification needs to operate on a management level set by the test bed, and the bogie test bed enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:

s1, ensuring that no bogie exists on the test bed;

s2, starting the machine to enter an operation mode, and setting the state of the equipment;

s3, placing the calibration instrument on the equipment, and placing the calibration instrument on the bogie test bed accurately, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, the calibration instrument needs to be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;

step two, preparing a calibration device:

the calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibrating instrument and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument;

s1, calibrating instrument for bogie test bed wheelbase: the wheel base calibrator is used for calibrating every year according to data given by a calibration certificate;

s2, calibrating the steering frame wheel shoulder: the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument needs to be calibrated every year and used according to data given by a calibrating certificate;

s3, instrument for height measurement: an automatic digital level for measuring level and level difference;

s4, a using method of the automatic digital level:

s4.1, placing the level gauge on a tripod and placing the level gauge at the front end of the test bed at a short distance;

s4.2, adjusting a knob below the leveling instrument until the 'tic' sound does not exist, and adjusting the leveling instrument to be in a horizontal position;

s4.3, aligning the level to the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;

s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be the horizontal height;

step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, cleaning the running surface of the linear guide rail by using clean cloth to ensure that the working surface is clean and has no appearance defects such as corrosion and the like which influence the calibration result;

step four, horizontal calibration:

s1, calibrating the horizontal error of the guide rail foundation of the bogie test bed: connecting and installing an automatic digital level with a tripod, and adjusting the level; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of a foundation at the point A, after an automatic digital level is adjusted to align to the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level automatically focuses on a measuring reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, A, B, E, F-point foundation horizontal height values are measured in sequence according to the method, A, B, E, F four-point foundation horizontal height values are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is a guide rail foundation horizontal error, the guide rail foundation horizontal error is qualified if the difference is less than 0.5mm, and the foundation horizontal adjustment is carried out if the difference is more than 0.5 mm;

s2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is reduced, then, a level gauge and a measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively placed at six points of the weighing unit A, B, C, D, E, F, after the level gauge is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level gauge is pressed, the level gauge automatically focuses for measuring reading, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, the difference is qualified when the difference is less than 0.2mm, and the horizontal adjustment of the weighing unit is required when the difference is more than 0.2 mm;

step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is centered and calibrated; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis or not and whether the width of the gauge is changed correspondingly or not, wherein the function is specially used for the calibration and maintenance of the bogie; the track gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and close to the guide rails, and the width of the track gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position meter sensors on the left and right of the bogie;

s1, the auxiliary cross beam does not need to be removed, and a wheel base calibration instrument is installed;

firstly, moving a weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm positions according to the axle distance of a locomotive bogie, lifting and installing an axle distance calibration instrument with a cylindrical fixing rod on a main oil cylinder I of an auxiliary cross beam, screwing three fastening screws on the auxiliary cross beam to ensure that a support frame is fastened, placing the axle distance calibration instrument at A, E two points, pushing the weighing unit A, E two points by hands, and plugging a gap between a calibration plate of the axle distance calibration instrument and a support wheel of the weighing unit by a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are contacted;

s2, entering a metering mode, and recording and storing data given by a calibration certificate of the wheelbase calibration instrument at a position parameter 017 of a point A of the weighing unit; recording and storing data given by a calibration certificate of a calibration instrument at a position parameter 021 of a point A of the weighing unit; the data given by the calibration certificate of the wheelbase calibration instrument is half of the center distance of the Y-shaped calibration plate, and the data entered each time is the data given by the calibration certificate of the wheelbase calibration instrument.

S3, exiting the metering mode, lifting the wheelbase calibrating instrument upwards, moving the weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm positions according to the wheelbase of the locomotive bogie, mounting the wheelbase calibrating instrument, placing the wheelbase calibrating instrument at A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A, C by hands, and plugging a gap between a calibrating plate of the wheelbase calibrating instrument and a supporting wheel of the weighing unit by a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are contacted; then entering a metering mode, recording and storing data given by a calibration instrument calibration certificate at a position parameter 019 of a point A of the weighing unit, and completing the position calibration of A, C, E three weighing units on one side of the master cylinder;

s4, detaching the wheelbase calibrating instrument and installing the wheelbase calibrating instrument on a second main oil cylinder of the test bed, tightening the three fastening screws to ensure that the support frame is fastened, and calibrating the position calibration of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate is arranged on the supporting wheels of all the weighing units, and the clearance between the calibration plate and the supporting wheels of the weighing units is plugged by a feeler gauge;

sixthly, calibrating the height of the main oil cylinder (Z-axis): after a bogie is loaded on equipment, the height of a main oil cylinder is measured and calculated through a level gauge;

step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed: the wheel shoulder refers to the edge of a supporting wheel of the weighing unit, which is close to the center side of the test bed; the wheel measuring unit refers to two groups of supporting wheels on the weighing unit which are arranged on the outer side of the guide rail and are transversely symmetrical along the test bed, and is called as a group of measuring units;

s1, pressing the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument to the wheel measuring unit of the sliding frame, manually enabling the calibrating instrument to be close to the measuring unit, and ensuring that the laser sensor displays a specified working plane, namely the wheel shoulders of a group of measuring units; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode respectively correspond to the points A-F, and the sizes specified on the certificate are input into software and stored;

s2, rotating the wheel shoulder calibration instrument by 180 degrees, pressing the instrument onto a support wheel of the sliding frame, aligning the instrument with the laser sensor, and inputting and storing the specified size on the certificate as a second point into software;

s3, repeating the above processes, and sequentially calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units;

s4, finally, carrying out inspection measurement; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensors, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the dimension calibrated on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the dimension calibrated on the certificate, which shows that the calibration meets the requirement; if the data are inconsistent, indicating that there is an error in the calibration, the calibration should be recalibrated until the data are consistent.

Step eight, processing of calibration results and calibration period

S1, after being calibrated, providing a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report;

s2, the calibration period of the bogie test bed is one year, and the calibration is needed after factors influencing accurate measurement appear;

s3, after 5 years of use, the measurement cell license expires, requiring a special agency to recalibrate.

The wheelbase calibration instrument used in the second step and the fifth step comprises a support frame, fixing rods and a calibration plate, wherein the support frame is a triangular support structure consisting of a bottom rod and bilaterally symmetrical inclined rods, a vertical rod is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod, the inclined rods are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom rod, and the other ends of the two inclined rods are fixedly connected with two sides of the top end of the vertical rod; the upright stanchion is of a hollow structure and is provided with a cylindrical central fixing rod in a penetrating way, the upper part of the fixing rod is fixedly provided with a circular connecting disc and a bell and spigot, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the circular connecting disc; two ends of the support frame are downwards and respectively fixedly provided with a Y-shaped calibration plate, the lower part of the Y-shaped calibration plate is provided with two 45-degree branched angle plates, the ends of the angle plates are 45-degree crossed sections, and the center distance of the sections of the two angle plates is consistent with the distance between two wheels of each group of support wheels; when the device is installed and used, a bell and spigot at the top end of the fixing rod is matched and connected with a projecting shaft at the lower part of the oil cylinder, three fastening screws arranged on the circular connecting disc are screwed, and the wheelbase calibrating instrument is fixedly connected to the lower part of the oil cylinder.

The wheel shoulder calibration instrument used in the second step and the seventh step comprises fixing grooves and a cross beam which form an integral structure, the fixing grooves are L-shaped angle steels, and the cross beam is fixedly arranged in the middle of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves; when the device is used, the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument is pressed on the wheel measuring unit of the sliding frame, and the fixing grooves at the two ends of the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument are pressed on the supporting wheel of the sliding frame.

And in the seventh step, the wheel shoulder calibration instrument is rotated by 180 degrees, so that errors caused by operation of people are eliminated to the maximum extent, and the calibration work is more accurate.

The axle base calibrating instrument and the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument are self-made special calibrating instruments designed according to technical parameters such as axle base and the like after the locomotive bogie is assembled, a plurality of technical parameters after the complex locomotive bogie is assembled are converted by the self-made calibrating instruments, various technical data are fed back to the bogie test bed, the test bed simulates and outputs the real condition of the technical data, and the purpose of measuring and detecting the output data of the bogie test bed is achieved. The bogie test bed is calibrated by using the wheel base calibrating instrument and the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument, so that the test bed meets the traceability and quantity value transmission requirements of the output data of the bogie with the symmetrical weight, the calibration work is simplified and standardized, and the calibration work efficiency and the accuracy of the test bed are improved. The problem that can appear just after falling into the locomotive on-line trial run in advance is reflected through experimental data for the technical staff to consult the use, facilitates for technical staff analysis problem, avoids because of unnecessary manual work, material waste and the time waste that the solution problem brought.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: through using digital spirit level, wheel shoulder calibrator, standardize calibrator's operation, under the metering mode, artificial input instruction, accomplish the geometry calibration of test bench, it is complicated to detect the scheme, need professional equipment operation, professional maintainer installs large-scale detection frock, the complex process that the measurement personnel cooperate jointly to accomplish periodic detection calibration is standardized, the specialization, effectively avoid not having the calibration method, cause equipment damage easily, factors such as crisis personal safety, reliable and stable when realizing the test bench calibration, promote operating quality and work efficiency, operation safe and reliable has been guaranteed. The method has the advantages of scientific and reasonable design, simple structure and convenience in use, can accurately finish the calibration of the geometric dimension of the test bed, standardizes the calibration behavior, can trace source and transfer the quantity value in the industry, meets the requirement of the calibration of the geometric dimension of the steering test bed, improves the accuracy and reliability of the weighing test after the locomotive bogie is assembled, and ensures the product quality and performance of the bogie.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the overall structure of the bogie test stand of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the mounting structure of the wheelbase calibration instrument of the present invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a calibration plate structure of the shoulder alignment apparatus of the present invention;

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the shoulder alignment apparatus of the present invention.

The labels in the figure are: 1. a machine base; 2. a column; 3. a cross beam; 4. a first main oil cylinder; 5. a second main oil cylinder; 6. a guide rail; 7. a shoulder calibration instrument; 701. fixing grooves; 702. a span beam; 8. a wheelbase calibration instrument; 801. a support frame; 802. a fixing rod; 803. a calibration plate; 804. a bottom bar; 805. a diagonal bar; 806. erecting a rod; 807. a connecting disc; 808. a bell and spigot joint; 809. a gusset; 9. a weighing unit A; 10. a weighing unit B; 11. a weighing unit C; 12. a weighing unit D; 13. a weighing unit E; 14. a weighing unit F; 15. and supporting the wheels.

Detailed Description

The following provides a more detailed description of the embodiments of the present invention.

The geometrical dimension calibration steps of the bogie test bed are as follows:

step one, preparation before calibration: when the bogie test bed is calibrated, a person who has technical certification needs to operate on a management level set by the test bed, and the bogie test bed enters a metering calibration mode through a selection window; preparation work before calibration:

s1, ensuring that no bogie exists on the test bed;

s2, starting the machine to enter an operation mode, and setting the state of the equipment;

s3, placing the calibration instrument on the equipment, and placing the calibration instrument on the bogie test bed accurately, wherein the step cannot be automatically completed, the calibration instrument needs to be manually operated by an operator with great care, and the position and the state of the equipment are completed through calibration instructions;

step two, preparing a calibration device:

the calibration equipment used was: an automatic digital level gauge, a wheel base calibrating instrument 8 and a wheel shoulder calibrating instrument 7;

s1, calibrating instrument for bogie test bed wheelbase: the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 should be calibrated every year and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;

s2, calibrating the steering frame wheel shoulder: the shoulder calibration instrument 7 should be calibrated every year and used according to the data given by the calibration certificate;

s3, instrument for height measurement: an automatic digital level for measuring level and level difference;

s4, a using method of the automatic digital level:

s4.1, placing the level gauge on a tripod and placing the level gauge at the front end of the test bed at a short distance;

s4.2, adjusting a knob below the leveling instrument until the 'tic' sound does not exist, and adjusting the leveling instrument to be in a horizontal position;

s4.3, aligning the level to the middle position of the bar code of the measuring rod, and pressing a blue button on the right side of the level to automatically focus and automatically measure;

s4.4, reading Rh on the display to be the horizontal height;

step three, appearance inspection: before calibration, the running surface of the linear guide rail 6 is cleaned by clean cloth, so that the working surface is clean, and appearance defects influencing a calibration result, such as corrosion, are avoided;

step four, horizontal calibration:

s1, calibrating the horizontal error of the guide rail foundation of the bogie test bed: connecting and installing an automatic digital level with a tripod, and adjusting the level; the measuring rod is connected to 2m, the measuring rod is placed at the position of a foundation at the point A, after an automatic digital level is adjusted to align to the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level is pressed, the level automatically focuses on a measuring reading, the level Rh is a measured height value, A, B, E, F-point foundation horizontal height values are measured in sequence according to the method, A, B, E, F four-point foundation horizontal height values are recorded, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is a guide rail foundation horizontal error, the guide rail foundation horizontal error is qualified if the difference is less than 0.5mm, and the foundation horizontal adjustment is carried out if the difference is more than 0.5 mm;

s2, calibrating the horizontal error of the weighing unit of the bogie test bed: the horizontal error of the weighing unit is the calibration of the horizontal error of six points of the guide rail base A, B, C, D, E, F, firstly, the guide rail is reduced, then, the level gauge and the measuring rod are adjusted, the measuring rod is respectively placed at six points of the weighing unit A9, the weighing unit B10, the weighing unit C11, the weighing unit D12, the weighing unit E13 and the weighing unit F14, after the level gauge is adjusted to be aligned with the middle position of a bar code of the measuring rod, a blue measuring key of the level gauge is pressed, the level gauge automatically focuses on a measuring reading number, the difference between the measured maximum value and the measured minimum value is the horizontal error of the weighing unit, the difference is qualified when the difference is smaller than 0.2mm, and the horizontal adjustment of the weighing unit is carried out when the difference is larger than 0.2 mm;

step five, calibrating the position of the weighing unit: namely, the weighing unit is centered and calibrated; detecting whether the wheel moves along the axis or not and whether the width of the gauge is changed correspondingly or not; this function is dedicated to use in the calibration maintenance of the bogie. The track gauge is arranged between the two guide rails and close to the guide rails, and the width of the track gauge is automatically measured by +/-0.2 mm of two laser position meter sensors on the left and right of the bogie;

s1, the auxiliary cross beam does not need to be removed, and the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 is installed;

firstly, moving the weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-0mm and EF-1500mm, lifting and installing the wheelbase calibrator 8 with the cylindrical fixing rod 802 on the first 4 of the main oil cylinder of the auxiliary cross beam 3, screwing three fastening screws to ensure that the supporting frame 801 is fastened, placing the wheelbase calibrator 8 at A, E two points, pushing the weighing unit A9 and the weighing unit E13 two points by hands, and plugging a clearance between a calibration plate 803 of the wheelbase calibrator 8 and a supporting wheel 15 of the weighing unit by a feeler gauge to ensure that 4 points are contacted;

s2, entering a metering mode, recording 1499.98 data given by a calibration certificate of the wheelbase calibration instrument 8 at a position parameter 017 of a weighing unit A9 point, and storing; at the position parameter 021 of the point A9 of the weighing unit, recording the data into 1499.98 according to the data given by the calibration certificate of the calibration instrument, and storing the data;

s3, exiting the metering mode, lifting the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 upwards, moving the weighing unit to AB-1500mm, CD-1500mm and EF-2500mm positions, installing the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8, placing the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 at A, C points, pushing the weighing unit A9 and the weighing unit C11 by hands, and using a feeler gauge to plug a gap between a calibrating plate 803 of the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 and a supporting wheel 15 of the weighing unit to ensure that 4 points are contacted; then entering a metering mode, recording 1499.98 according to data given by a calibration instrument calibration certificate at a position parameter 019 of a point A of the weighing unit, and completing the position calibration of A, C, E three weighing units on the side of the first 4 of the main oil cylinder according to storage;

s4, detaching the wheelbase calibrating instrument and installing the wheelbase calibrating instrument on the second test bed main oil cylinder 5, tightening the three fastening screws to ensure that the support frame 801 is fastened, and calibrating the position calibration of the three weighing units of the test bed B, D, F according to the method; the calibration plate 803 is to be placed on the support wheels 15 of all the weighing cells, with the clearance between the calibration plate 803 and the support wheels 15 of the weighing cells being plugged with feelers;

sixthly, calibrating the height of the main oil cylinder (Z-axis): after a bogie is loaded on the equipment, the heights of the first main oil cylinder 4 and the second main oil cylinder 5 are measured and calculated through a level gauge;

step seven, calibrating the wheel shoulder of the bogie test bed:

s1, pressing the wheel shoulder calibrating instrument 7 on the wheel measuring unit of the sliding frame, manually enabling the calibrating instrument to be close to the measuring unit, and ensuring that the laser sensor displays a specified working plane; the instruction codes 029-034 in the metering mode respectively correspond to the points A-F, and the size 33.05 (such as A029) specified on the certificate is input into software (such as Rmsyr 1) and stored;

s2, rotating the wheel shoulder calibration instrument 7 by 180 degrees, pressing the wheel shoulder calibration instrument onto the sliding frame supporting wheel 15, aligning the wheel shoulder calibration instrument with the laser sensor, and inputting and storing the specified size 83.05 on the certificate as a second point into software;

s3, repeating the above processes, and sequentially calibrating B, C, D, E, F weighing units;

s4, finally, carrying out inspection measurement; aligning the two ends of the calibration measuring instrument with the laser sensors, and comparing the measured value on the equipment with the dimension 1315.97 calibrated on the certificate; the measured value on the equipment is consistent with the dimension calibrated on the certificate, which shows that the calibration meets the requirement; if the data are inconsistent, indicating that there is an error in the calibration, the calibration should be recalibrated until the data are consistent.

Step eight, processing of calibration results and calibration period

S1, after being calibrated, a bogie test bed geometric parameter calibration report is provided, which is shown in table 1;

s2, the calibration period of the bogie test bed is one year, and the calibration is needed after factors influencing accurate measurement appear;

s3, after 5 years of use, the measurement cell license expires, requiring a special agency to recalibrate.

The wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 used in the second step and the fifth step comprises a supporting frame 801, a fixed rod 802 and a calibrating plate 803, wherein the supporting frame 801 is a triangular supporting structure consisting of a bottom rod 804 and bilaterally symmetrical oblique rods 805, a vertical rod 806 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the bottom rod 804, the oblique rods 805 are fixedly arranged at two ends of the bottom rod 804, and the other ends of the two oblique rods 805 are fixedly connected with two sides of the top end of the vertical rod 806; the upright rod 806 is of a hollow structure and penetrates through the cylindrical central fixing rod 802, a circular connecting disc 807 and a bell and spigot 808 are fixedly arranged at the upper part of the fixing rod 802, and three fastening screws are uniformly distributed on the circular connecting disc 807; two ends of the supporting frame 801 are downwards and respectively fixedly provided with a Y-shaped calibrating plate 803, the lower part of the Y-shaped calibrating plate 803 is provided with two 45-degree forked angle plates 809, the ends of the angle plates 809 are 45-degree angle intersecting sections, and the center distance of the sections of the two angle plates 809 is consistent with the distance between two wheels of each group of supporting wheels 15; when the device is installed and used, a bell and spigot 808 at the top end of the fixing rod 802 is matched and connected with an extending shaft at the lower part of the oil cylinder, three fastening screws arranged on the circular connecting disc 807 are screwed, and the wheelbase calibrating instrument 8 is fixedly connected to the lower part of the oil cylinder.

The wheel shoulder calibration instrument 7 used in the second step and the seventh step comprises fixing grooves 701 and a cross beam 702 which form an integral structure, the fixing grooves are 701L-shaped angle steels, and the cross beam 702 is fixedly arranged in the middle of the outer sides of the two fixing grooves 701; in use, the shoulder calibrator 7 is pressed onto the wheel measurement unit of the skid frame and the end fixing slots 701 of the shoulder calibrator 7 are pressed onto the skid frame support wheels 15.