阅读说明：本技术 一种绿化植物废弃物有机介质及其制备方法和应用 (Greening plant waste organic medium and preparation method and application thereof ) 是由 党远 万芳 梅博知 孟夏 张晨辉 郑姣姣 于 2019-11-07 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开了一种绿化植物废弃物有机介质及其制备方法和应用,制备方法为将绿化植物废弃物粗粉碎再细粉碎至长度0.5-1.5cm的碎末状；然后将碎末状的绿化植物废弃物放置在封闭的温室进行发酵,将废弃物的碳氮比控制为25:1-35:1,然后拌入含有芽孢杆菌和木霉、EM菌的发酵水混合；发酵混合物控制在温度为50-65℃的密闭环境下发酵；在发酵的过程中,绿化植物废弃物的含水率为40-55%,发酵14-20天形成发酵有机介质。将有机介质和原土按一定比例混合。该混合土壤轻质、膨松、疏松度及透水性好,有机质含量高,营养丰富,适合作为城市绿化土壤改良、展览温室及屋顶绿化的应用。(The invention discloses an organic medium of green plant wastes and a preparation method and application thereof, wherein the preparation method comprises the steps of coarsely crushing the green plant wastes and then finely crushing the green plant wastes into powder with the length of 0.5-1.5 cm; then placing the green plant wastes in a closed greenhouse for fermentation, controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the wastes to be 25:1-35:1, and then mixing with fermentation water containing bacillus, trichoderma and EM bacteria; controlling the fermentation mixture to ferment in a closed environment at the temperature of 50-65 ℃; in the fermentation process, the water content of the green plant waste is 40-55%, and the fermentation organic medium is formed after fermentation for 14-20 days. Mixing organic medium and raw soil according to a certain proportion. The mixed soil is light, bulky, good in porosity and water permeability, high in organic matter content and rich in nutrition, and is suitable for being used as urban greening soil improvement, exhibition greenhouses and roof greening.)

1. A greening plant waste organic medium and a preparation method and application thereof comprise the following steps:

(1) the green plant waste is crushed to 3-8cm in length once and then is crushed to 0.5-1.5cm in length again;

(2) placing the green plant wastes in the form of powder in a closed greenhouse, wherein a drainage channel is arranged in the greenhouse; controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the waste to be 25:1-35:1, then adding fermentation water containing composite zymophyte, and mixing at 25-35 ℃; fermenting the fermentation mixture in a closed environment at 50-65 deg.C; in the fermentation process, the water content of the green plant waste is 40-55%, and the green plant waste is fermented for 14-20 days to form a fermentation organic medium; the slag water collected in the drainage tank is recycled as the fermentation water.

2. The greening plant waste organic medium as claimed in claim 1, and the preparation method and application thereof, are characterized in that: in the step (2), the composite fermentation bacteria are mixed fermentation bacteria of bacillus, trichoderma and EM bacteria, and the concentrations of the bacillus, the trichoderma and the EM bacteria contained in the fermentation water are all 1 × 107-2.1 × 109 cfu/m.

3. The greening plant waste organic medium as claimed in claim 1, and the preparation method and application thereof, are characterized in that: in the step (2), when the concentration of any strain of bacillus, trichoderma or EM strain in the slag water is lower than 1 x 107cfu/mL, compensating the strain to ensure that the concentration of the strain in the slag water reaches 1.9 x 109-2.1 x 109 cfu/mL.

4. The greening plant waste organic medium as claimed in claim 1, and the preparation method and application thereof, are characterized in that: in the step (2), the pH value of the fermentation organic medium is 6.5-7.5.

5. The greening plant waste organic medium as claimed in claim 1, and the preparation method and application thereof, are characterized in that: the green plant waste is waste branches and waste leaves in the plant trimming process.

6. A green plant waste organic medium as claimed in claim 1, wherein: prepared by the process of any one of claims 1 to 5.

7. Use of the green plant waste organic medium of claim 6 in roof greening soil.

8. The application of the greening plant waste organic medium in roof greening soil as claimed in claim 7, wherein the organic medium and the original soil are mixed for use, and the volume ratio of the organic medium to the original soil is 1:4-1: 5.

9. Use of the green plant waste organic medium of claim 6 for displaying greenhouse soil.

10. The application of the greening plant waste organic medium in exhibiting greenhouse soil as claimed in claim 9, wherein the organic medium and the original soil are mixed for use, and the volume ratio of the organic medium to the original soil is 1:4-1: 5.

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of soil improvement, and particularly relates to a greening plant waste organic medium and a preparation method and application thereof.

Background

In the growing process of urban greening plants, plant waste materials such as dry branches and fallen leaves generated by natural updating or arbor and shrub trimmings, lawn trimmings, waste grass flowers and weeds generated in the greening and maintenance process become garbage, and the garbage is often difficult to treat.

At present, the traditional treatment approaches of the green plant wastes are several, some are composted as organic substrates, used as covering materials for improving and restoring soil, and burned or buried. However, with the requirement of improving urban greening environment, the urban greening rate is rising, and the problem of treating greening plant wastes is increasing. If the traditional incineration or landfill treatment mode is adopted, the environment is extremely damaged, and resources are wasted. How to dispose of greening waste reasonably has been a serious issue.

The roof garden not only has excellent cooling and heat insulation effects, but also can beautify the environment, purify the air, improve local microclimate, enrich the pitching landscape of the city, compensate the greening ground occupied by the building, greatly improve the greening coverage rate of the city, improve the standing of the tall buildings and the mansions of the city and improve the current situation of natural land and plants which are replaced by hard pavement of a plurality of roads; the urban heat island effect formed by excessive cutting down of natural forests and various waste gas pollution is improved, the living conditions of people are improved, the living quality is improved, and the urban environment is beautified, so that the urban heat island greening system is a greening form which is worthy of great popularization. However, the soil for roof garden cannot use raw fertilizer, otherwise flies, ants or small insects are attracted.

In the process of urbanization, reinforced cement is indispensable to construct, resulting in that soil salt alkali degree is high, and the soil in long triangular region is given first place to clay moreover, and the gas permeability of soil is relatively poor after long-term use chemical fertilizer, the water permeability, easily hardens, is unfavorable for the planting of afforestation.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide an organic medium made of green plant wastes. The organic medium is light, has high organic matter content and rich nutrition, and is suitable for roof greening, exhibition greenhouses and urban greening soil improvement.

The invention also aims to provide a preparation method of the organic medium of the greening plant waste, which has simple process and lower cost.

The purpose of the invention can be realized by the following technical scheme.

A preparation method of an organic medium of green plant wastes comprises the following steps:

(1) firstly crushing the green plant wastes to 3-8cm in length, and then finely crushing the green plant wastes to 0.5-1.5cm in length; the raw materials are crushed, the particle size is reduced, the specific surface area is increased, the rapid decomposition is facilitated, but the raw materials cannot be too fine, the crushing cost is increased due to the fact that the green plant waste is too fine, and the oxygen introduction amount of compost is reduced to influence fermentation.

(2) Placing the green plant wastes in the form of powder in a closed greenhouse, wherein a drainage groove is arranged in the greenhouse; controlling the carbon-nitrogen ratio of the waste to be 25:1-35:1, then adding fermentation water containing composite zymophyte, and mixing at 25-35 ℃; fermenting the fermentation mixture in a closed environment at 50-65 deg.C; in the fermentation process, the water content of the green plant waste is 40-55%, and the green plant waste is fermented for 14-20 days to form a fermentation organic medium; the slag water collected in the drainage tank is recycled as the fermentation water.

The addition of the strain is carried out after the carbon nitrogen ratio is adjusted, and the initial addition temperature is 25-35 ℃, because of proper addition conditions, the strain is suitable for the propagation of the strain, otherwise, the strain can be killed by an unfavorable growth environment.

In the step (2), the composite fermentation bacteria are mixed fermentation bacteria of bacillus, trichoderma and EM bacteria, and the concentrations of the bacillus, the trichoderma and the EM bacteria contained in the fermentation water are all 1 × 107-2.1 × 109 cfu/m. When the concentration of any strain of bacillus, trichoderma or EM strain in the slag water is lower than 1 x 107cfu/mL, compensating the strain to ensure that the concentration of the strain in the slag water reaches 1.9 x 109-2.1 x 109 cfu/mL. The appropriate amount of the strain determines the fermentation time, fermentation degree and nutrient content of the organic medium.

In the step (2), the pH value of the fermentation organic medium is 6.5-7.5. The pH of the organic medium can be adjusted by means of calcium superphosphate and lime.

The green plant waste is waste branches and waste leaves in the plant trimming process.

The organic medium prepared from the green plant waste can be prepared by the preparation method.

The greening plant waste organic medium can be applied to roof greening soil, the organic medium and the original soil can be used after being mixed, and the volume ratio of the organic medium to the original soil is 1:4-1: 5.

The green plant waste organic medium can be applied to exhibition greenhouse soil, the organic medium and the raw soil can be used after being mixed, and the volume ratio of the organic medium to the raw soil is 1:4-1: 5.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

1. the greening plant waste organic medium can gradually improve the soil quality of original soil, and particularly obviously improves indexes such as pH value, soluble salinity, organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like.

2. After the organic medium of the green plant wastes and the raw soil are mixed according to the proportion of 1:4-1:5, the green plant wastes are light, bulky, good in looseness and water permeability and rich in nutrition, and are suitable for being used as soil for exhibition greenhouses or roof gardens.

3. The preparation process of the greening plant waste organic medium is simple, economic and pollution-free, and the slag water in the preparation process can be recycled, so that the use amount of water and bacterial strains is saved, and the production cost is reduced.

Detailed Description

The invention will now be further illustrated by reference to the following examples: