阅读说明：本技术 一种高温条件下危化品***极限测定装置 (Dangerous chemical explosive limit measuring device under high-temperature condition ) 是由 周宁 王腾 李雪 倪鹏飞 袁雄军 李恩田 赵会军 于 2019-10-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及一种高温条件下危化品爆炸极限测定装置,包括气体制备单元、液体高温加热单元、固体材料高温分解单元、爆炸试验单元以及数据采集处理系统。通过气体制备单元、液体高温加热单元和固体材料高温分解单元分别向爆炸试验单元通入三相气液固混合物组成的可燃混合气体,对高温条件下危化品爆炸极限进行测试。本发明测试过程中可以根据实际需要进行气液固三相在高温高压下一定的配比,从而可以更贴切的模拟实际工业环境下的三相气液固混合物组成的可燃混合气体,并对其爆炸极限进行测试,为工业生产提供边界条件。(The invention relates to a device for determining the explosion limit of hazardous chemicals under a high-temperature condition, which comprises a gas preparation unit, a liquid high-temperature heating unit, a solid material pyrolysis unit, an explosion test unit and a data acquisition and processing system. Combustible mixed gas consisting of three-phase gas-liquid-solid mixture is respectively introduced into the explosion test unit through the gas preparation unit, the liquid high-temperature heating unit and the solid material high-temperature decomposition unit, and the explosion limit of hazardous chemicals under the high-temperature condition is tested. In the test process, the gas, the liquid and the solid can be mixed at a certain ratio under high temperature and high pressure according to actual needs, so that the combustible mixed gas consisting of three-phase gas, liquid and solid mixtures in the actual industrial environment can be more closely simulated, the explosion limit of the combustible mixed gas can be tested, and boundary conditions are provided for industrial production.)

1. The utility model provides a dangerous chemical substance explosion limit survey device under high temperature condition, includes gaseous preparation unit, liquid high temperature heating unit, solid material pyrolysis unit, explosion test unit and data acquisition processing system, characterized by: said

A gas preparation unit: the gas distribution tank is provided with a gas distribution tank which can be configured with combustible mixed gas according to different working conditions, and a pipeline of the gas distribution tank is connected with a raw material gas tank;

liquid high-temperature heating unit: the device comprises a kettle body for accommodating and heating liquid materials, wherein a stirring shaft is arranged in the kettle body, an upper paddle and a lower paddle are arranged on the stirring shaft, a flow guide pipe is fixed between the side surfaces of the upper paddle and the lower paddle, and a jacket which is contained on the side surface of the kettle body is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body;

solid material pyrolysis unit: the device is provided with a pressure shell, a terminal controller and a gas production pipe, wherein the gas production pipe is arranged at the top of the pressure shell and is communicated with an explosion test unit, a platinum crucible for placing arc striking solid materials is arranged in the pressure shell, a heating rod is arranged at the bottom of the platinum crucible, a platinum needle serving as an arc initiation electrode is arranged above the platinum crucible, an infrared temperature measurement probe is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the pressure shell, and the heating rod, the platinum needle and the infrared temperature measurement probe are all connected with the terminal controller through circuits;

explosion test unit: the ignition device is connected with the cylindrical high-pressure container through a line, the blower is connected with two ends of the cylindrical high-pressure container through air pipes, and a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flame sensor and a strain sensor are connected to the wall of the cylindrical high-pressure container;

the data acquisition and processing system comprises: the explosion test device is provided with a data acquisition instrument which is connected with an explosion test unit through a line, wherein the data acquisition instrument contains a super-dynamic resistance strain gauge, a dynamic test analyzer and a signal amplifier.

2. The device for determining the explosive limit of the hazardous chemical substance under the high-temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the gas distribution tank is connected with a vacuum pump for pumping vacuum of the gas distribution tank through a pipeline, the top end of the gas distribution tank is connected with a safety valve, and the bottom of the gas distribution tank is communicated with a pipeline at the gas inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container through a check valve.

3. The device for determining the explosive limit of the hazardous chemical substance under the high-temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cauldron body be the back taper, cauldron body upper end is equipped with agitator motor, agitator motor output shaft and (mixing) shaft transmission, the honeycomb duct is connected with cylindricality high-pressure vessel inlet end pipeline.

4. The device for determining the explosive limit of the hazardous chemical substance under the high-temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the pressure shell is connected with a vacuum pump for vacuum pumping of the pressure shell, and the gas production pipe is connected with a pipeline at the gas inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container.

5. The device for determining the explosive limit of the hazardous chemical substance under the high-temperature condition as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with a vacuum pump for pumping vacuum, one side of the cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with a pressure release valve, the other side of the cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with an exhaust pipe, a visual window is formed in the middle surface of the cylindrical high-pressure container, and a needle valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of explosion limit testing, in particular to a device for determining the explosion limit of hazardous chemical substances under a high-temperature condition.

Background

At present, the explosion limit test is mainly based on some national standards and industry standards, such as GB/T21844-2008 standard test method for flammability concentration limit of compounds (steam and gas), GB/T12474-2008 explosive limit determination method of combustible gas in air, ASTME681-04 standard test method for explosive limit of chemicals (steam and gas), and the like, and the test objects mainly aim at gas or steam. CN201010509028.X relates to a combustible gas explosion limit test system in a non-standard state, which comprises a gas distribution device, an explosion device, a temperature control device and a data acquisition and processing device; the explosion device comprises an explosion-proof tank body and a heat-insulating sheath, a heating element is arranged between the explosion-proof tank body and the heat-insulating sheath, a partition plate is arranged in the explosion-proof tank body, the inner cavity of the explosion-proof tank body is divided into a gas buffer chamber and a gas explosion chamber by the partition plate, an electromagnetic valve for conducting the gas buffer chamber and the gas explosion chamber is arranged on the partition plate, an input port of the explosion device is communicated with the gas buffer chamber, and a vacuum pump is connected beside the input port; the gas explosion chamber is internally provided with a buffer pressure sensor and a buffer temperature sensor, and the gas explosion chamber is internally provided with a temperature sensor before explosion, a pressure sensor before explosion, an igniter and an explosion pressure sensor for explosion test.

Disclosure of Invention

The technical problem to be solved by the invention is as follows: in order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a device for measuring the explosion limit of hazardous chemical substances under the high-temperature condition, which solves the problem that only single-phase combustible gas or liquid mixture explosion limit can be measured in the existing test technology, and gas-liquid-solid three phases can be mixed at a certain ratio under high temperature and high pressure according to actual requirements during test, so that combustible mixed gas consisting of three-phase gas-liquid-solid mixtures under the actual industrial environment can be simulated more closely to test the explosion limit of the combustible mixed gas.

The technical scheme adopted by the invention for solving the technical problems is as follows: the device for determining the explosion limit of the hazardous chemical substances under the high-temperature condition comprises a gas preparation unit, a liquid high-temperature heating unit, a solid material pyrolysis unit, an explosion test unit and a data acquisition and processing system.

A gas preparation unit: the gas distribution tank is provided with a gas distribution tank which can be configured with combustible mixed gas according to different working conditions, and a pipeline of the gas distribution tank is connected with a raw material gas tank;

liquid high-temperature heating unit: the device comprises a kettle body for accommodating and heating liquid materials, wherein a stirring shaft is arranged in the kettle body, an upper paddle and a lower paddle are arranged on the stirring shaft, a flow guide pipe is fixed between the side surfaces of the upper paddle and the lower paddle, and a jacket which is contained on the side surface of the kettle body is arranged at the bottom of the kettle body;

solid material pyrolysis unit: the device is provided with a pressure shell, a terminal controller and a gas production pipe, wherein the gas production pipe is arranged at the top of the pressure shell and is communicated with an explosion test unit, a platinum crucible for placing arc striking solid materials is arranged in the pressure shell, a heating rod is arranged at the bottom of the platinum crucible, a platinum needle serving as an arc initiation electrode is arranged above the platinum crucible, an infrared temperature measurement probe is arranged at the top of the inner wall of the pressure shell, and the heating rod, the platinum needle and the infrared temperature measurement probe are all connected with the terminal controller through circuits;

explosion test unit: the ignition device is connected with the cylindrical high-pressure container through a line, the blower is connected with two ends of the cylindrical high-pressure container through air pipes, and a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a flame sensor and a strain sensor are connected to the wall of the cylindrical high-pressure container;

the data acquisition and processing system comprises: the explosion test device is provided with a data acquisition instrument which is connected with an explosion test unit through a line, wherein the data acquisition instrument contains a super-dynamic resistance strain gauge, a dynamic test analyzer and a signal amplifier.

Furthermore, the pipeline of the gas distribution tank is connected with a vacuum pump for pumping vacuum of the gas distribution tank, the top end of the gas distribution tank is connected with a safety valve, and the bottom of the gas distribution tank is communicated with the pipeline of the gas inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container through a check valve.

The cauldron body be the back taper, cauldron body upper end is equipped with agitator motor, agitator motor output shaft and (mixing) shaft transmission, the honeycomb duct is connected with cylindricality high-pressure vessel inlet end pipeline.

The bottom of the pressure shell is connected with a vacuum pump for vacuum pumping of the pressure shell, and the gas production pipe is connected with a pipeline at the gas inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container.

The cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with a vacuum pump for pumping vacuum, one side of the cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with a pressure release valve, the other side of the cylindrical high-pressure container is connected with an exhaust pipe, a visual window is formed in the middle surface of the cylindrical high-pressure container, and a needle valve is arranged at the air inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the invention overcomes the problem that only single-phase combustible gas or liquid mixture explosion limit can be measured in the current testing technology, gas-liquid-solid three phases can be matched at a certain proportion under high temperature and high pressure according to actual requirements in the testing process, so that combustible mixed gas consisting of three-phase gas-liquid-solid mixtures in actual industrial environment can be more closely simulated, the explosion limit of the combustible mixed gas can be tested, boundary conditions are provided for industrial production, and the problem of danger in chemical production can be prevented.

Drawings

The invention is further illustrated with reference to the following figures and examples.

Fig. 1 is a schematic structural view of the present invention.

In the figure: 1. the device comprises a gas distribution tank, 2, a vacuum pump, 3, a needle valve, 4, a raw material gas tank, 5, a check valve, 6, a pressure sensor, 7, a temperature sensor, 8, a safety valve, 9, a stirring motor, 10, a kettle body, 11, a jacket, 12, a flow guide pipe, 13, an upper blade, 14, a lower blade, 15, a stirring shaft, 16, an arc striking solid material, 17, an electric arc, 18, a heating rod, 19, an infrared temperature measuring probe, 20, a gas production pipe, 21, a platinum needle, 22, a platinum crucible, 23, a terminal controller, 24, a flame sensor, 25, a blower, 26, a strain sensor, 27, a visual window, 28, an ignition device, 29, a data acquisition instrument, 30, a cylindrical high-pressure container, 31, a pressure release valve, 32, an exhaust pipe and 33. a heat-resistant shell.

Detailed Description

The present invention will now be described in further detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. These drawings are simplified schematic views illustrating only the basic structure of the present invention in a schematic manner, and thus show only the constitution related to the present invention.

Fig. 1 shows an apparatus for determining explosive limit of hazardous chemical under high temperature condition, comprising: the device comprises a gas preparation unit, a liquid high-temperature heating unit, a solid material pyrolysis unit, an explosion test unit and a data acquisition and processing system.

The gas preparation unit: the device is provided with a gas distribution tank 1, a pipeline of the gas distribution tank 1 is connected with a raw material gas tank 4, the top of the gas distribution tank 1 is connected with a vacuum pump 2 and a safety valve 8, the side wall of the gas distribution tank 1 is connected with a pressure sensor 6 and a temperature sensor 7, and a needle valve 3 is arranged on the pipeline of the bottom of the gas distribution tank 1.

The liquid high-temperature heating unit: the reactor comprises a reactor body 10 with an inverted-cone-shaped heating liquid material, wherein a stirring motor 9 is arranged at the upper end of the reactor body, an output shaft of the stirring motor 9 is in transmission connection with a stirring shaft 15, an upper blade 13 and a lower blade 14 are arranged on the stirring shaft 15 at intervals, a flow guide pipe 12 is fixed between the side surfaces of the upper blade 13 and the lower blade 14, and a jacket 11 contained on the side surface of the reactor body 10 is arranged at the bottom of the reactor body 10.

The solid material pyrolysis unit: the device comprises a heating device, a terminal controller 23 and a vacuum pump 2, wherein the heating device comprises a heat-resistant shell 33, a platinum crucible 22, an arc striking solid material 16 positioned in the platinum crucible 22 and a heating rod 18 arranged at the bottom surface of the platinum crucible 22 are arranged in the heat-resistant shell 33, and the platinum crucible 22 is an important component of a solid material pyrolysis device, is a container for melting and refining metal liquid and heating and reacting solid, and is a foundation for ensuring the smooth pyrolysis of the solid material.

The platinum needle 21 used as an arc 17 initiation electrode is arranged above the arc striking solid material 16, the infrared temperature measuring probe 19 is arranged beside the arc striking solid material 16, the heating rod 18, the infrared temperature measuring probe 19 and the platinum needle 21 are all in line connection with the terminal controller 23, the infrared temperature measuring probe 19 detects the temperature of the pressure shell 33 and feeds the temperature back to the terminal controller 23, and the terminal controller 23 adjusts different temperature sections to gasify and decompose samples, so that sampling and analysis of complex components become possible, not only can the optimized decomposition temperature be selected according to specific substances to be analyzed be realized, but also the terminal controller 23 can be used as a safety barrier of the whole measuring device.

The gas production pipe 20 is arranged on the top of the inner surface of the pressure casing 33, and the pipeline at the bottom of the pressure casing 33 is connected with the vacuum pump 2.

The explosion test unit: the high-pressure container comprises a cylindrical high-pressure container 30, wherein the design temperature range of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is normal temperature-600 ℃, and the design pressure range is 0-10 MPa. The cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is in threaded connection with a pressure sensor 6, a temperature sensor 7, a flame sensor 24 and a strain sensor 26; the right side of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is provided with an ignition device 28 connected with the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 through a line, the blower 25 is connected with two ends of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 through a line, the left end of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is connected with a pressure release valve 31, the right end of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is provided with an exhaust pipe 32, the middle of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is provided with a visible window 31 sealed by a fluorine rubber ring, and the left end of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is further connected with a vacuum.

The data acquisition and processing system comprises: the device comprises a super-dynamic resistance strain gauge, a dynamic test analyzer and a signal amplifier, wherein the devices are all connected with a data acquisition device 29 through a circuit, and the data acquisition device 29 is connected with an explosion test unit through a circuit to record relevant data such as explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame propagation speed, container stress deformation and the like.

The working principle and the using process of the invention are as follows: after the units are installed and connected, the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is heated to the corresponding working condition temperature, nitrogen purging is performed, other gases in the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 are discharged, a nitrogen valve is opened, nitrogen is introduced into the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 through a pipeline, and finally the nitrogen is discharged through an exhaust gas pipe 32. After the three times of purging, the nitrogen valve and the valve of the waste gas pipe 32 are closed, and the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is vacuumized to 0.1MPa by the vacuum pump 2.

Liquid materials under corresponding working conditions are placed into the kettle body 10, the stirring shaft 15 drives the upper paddle 13, the lower paddle 14 and the draft tube 12 to rotate under the driving of the stirring motor 9, liquid in the draft tube 12 flows upwards under the action of centrifugal force, and the kettle body 10 is inverted cone-shaped, so that the materials at the bottom of the kettle body 10 can be ensured to be in contact with the draft tube 12 to the maximum extent, moisture in the materials is pumped away by the draft tube 12 and evaporated, and steam is discharged and transmitted into the cylindrical high-pressure container 30.

The vacuum pump 2 is used for vacuumizing the gas distribution tank 1, required oxygen and nitrogen or other gas fuels are introduced into the gas distribution tank 1 from the raw material gas tank 4 under different working conditions, the pressure and the temperature are monitored by the pressure sensor 6 and the temperature sensor 7, and combustible mixed gas in the gas distribution tank 1 is introduced into the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 through the needle valve 3 and the check valve 5 after being uniform and stable.

Putting the arc striking solid material 16 under the working condition into a platinum crucible 22, under the control of a terminal controller 23, heating the arc striking solid material 16 in the platinum crucible 22 by a heating rod 18, generating an electric arc 17 through a platinum needle 21 to enable the arc striking solid material 16 to generate plasma to reach high temperature instantly, decomposing and gasifying the arc striking solid material 16 in the platinum crucible 22, introducing steam generated after the arc striking solid material 16 is gasified into a cylindrical high-pressure container 30 through a gas production pipe 20, detecting the temperature change in the decomposition process by an infrared temperature probe 19, and transmitting the temperature change to the terminal controller 23, thereby monitoring the decomposition and gasification process of the solid material.

Starting the blower 25, after the gas and steam entering the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 from the gas preparation unit, the liquid high-temperature heating unit and the solid material high-temperature decomposition unit are mixed, closing the valves at the two ends of the blower 25, simultaneously, the needle valve 3 at the air inlet end of the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 is closed, the pressure sensor 6, the temperature sensor 7, the flame sensor 24, the strain sensor 26 and the corresponding data acquisition instrument 29 on the cylindrical high-pressure container 30 are opened, the ignition device 28 is used for adjusting corresponding ignition energy to carry out ignition, the data acquisition instrument 29 is used for recording relevant data such as explosion pressure, explosion temperature, flame propagation speed, container stress deformation and the like in the test process, after the test is finished, a valve of the waste gas pipe 32 is opened, exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust pipe 32 and it is determined whether the amount of gas needs to be adjusted according to the test conditions to perform a further test.

In light of the foregoing description of the preferred embodiment of the present invention, many modifications and variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. The technical scope of the present invention is not limited to the content of the specification, and must be determined according to the scope of the claims.