阅读说明：本技术 一种红外全息用于风速风向测量的装置 (Infrared holography device for measuring wind speed and wind direction ) 是由 张永安 刘建建 张亚萍 田凤仙 刘万里 于 2019-08-29 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明公开一种红外全息用于风速风向测量的装置,包括红外激光器、红外全反镜Ⅰ、红外分束镜Ⅰ、红外分束镜Ⅱ、红外全反镜Ⅱ、红外分束镜Ⅲ、红外分束镜Ⅳ、红外全反镜Ⅲ、红外全反镜Ⅳ、红外全反镜Ⅴ、红外CCDⅠ、红外CCDⅡ、红外扩束镜Ⅰ、红外准直镜Ⅰ、红外扩束镜Ⅱ、红外准直镜Ⅱ、红外扩束镜Ⅲ、红外准直镜Ⅲ、红外扩束镜Ⅳ、红外准直镜Ⅳ、光纤Ⅰ、光纤Ⅱ、锗平晶Ⅰ等,本发明装置用于风速风向的测量,可以从两个不同的方向分析空气流动的速度,从而得到该区域的实时风速并通过两个方向的风速对比得到风向等信息,拓宽了风速风向测量的手段并提高了对于风速及风向测量的准确度。(The invention discloses an infrared holographic device for measuring wind speed and wind direction, which comprises an infrared laser, an infrared total reflection mirror I, an infrared beam splitter II, an infrared total reflection mirror II, an infrared beam splitter III, an infrared beam splitter IV, an infrared total reflection mirror III, an infrared total reflection mirror IV, an infrared total reflection mirror V, an infrared CCD I, an infrared CCD II, an infrared beam expander I, an infrared collimator I, an infrared beam expander II, an infrared collimator II, an infrared beam expander III, an infrared collimator III, an infrared beam expander IV, an infrared collimator IV, an optical fiber I, an optical fiber II, a germanium plano crystal I and the like, and the device is used for measuring the wind speed and the wind direction, can analyze the flowing speed of air from two different directions, therefore, the real-time wind speed of the area is obtained, information such as wind direction and the like is obtained through the comparison of the wind speeds in the two directions, the wind speed and wind direction measurement means are widened, and the accuracy of the wind speed and wind direction measurement is improved.)

1. The device is characterized by comprising an infrared laser (1), an infrared total-reflection mirror I (2), an infrared beam splitter I (3), an infrared beam splitter II (4), an infrared beam splitter III (5), an infrared beam splitter IV (6), an infrared total-reflection mirror II (7), an infrared total-reflection mirror III (8), an infrared total-reflection mirror IV (9), an infrared total-reflection mirror V (10), an infrared CCD I (11), an infrared CCD II (12), an infrared beam expander I (13), an infrared collimator I (14), an infrared beam expander II (15), an infrared collimator II (16), an infrared beam expander III (17), an infrared collimator III (18), an infrared beam expander IV (19), an infrared collimator IV (20), a germanium flat crystal I (21), a germanium flat crystal II (22), a computer (23), a data line I (24), a data line II (25), The device comprises an optical fiber I (27), an optical fiber II (28), an infrared beam splitter V (29), an infrared beam splitter VI (30) and a shell;

the shell is a hollow cube with a missing angle, the infrared laser (1), the infrared total-reflection mirror I (2), the infrared beam splitter I (3), the infrared beam splitter II (4), the infrared beam splitter III (5), the infrared beam splitter IV (6), the infrared total-reflection mirror II (7), the infrared total-reflection mirror III (8), the infrared CCD I (11), the infrared CCD II (12), the infrared beam expander I (13), the infrared collimator I (14), the infrared beam expander II (15), the infrared collimator II (16), the infrared beam expander III (17), the infrared collimator III (18), the infrared beam expander IV (19), the infrared collimator IV (20), the optical fiber I (27), the optical fiber II (28), the infrared beam splitter V (29) and the infrared beam splitter VI (30) are arranged inside the shell, the infrared CCD I (11) and the infrared CCD II (12) are respectively connected with a computer (23) through a data line I (24) and a data line II (25); two walls vertical to the unfilled corner of the shell are respectively provided with a hole, the holes are provided with a germanium flat crystal I (21) and a germanium flat crystal II (22), the germanium flat crystal I (21) is opposite to the infrared total reflection mirror IV (9), and the germanium flat crystal II (22) is opposite to the infrared total reflection mirror V (10);

an infrared laser (1) emits infrared laser which is reflected to an infrared beam splitter I (3) through an infrared total reflection mirror I (2), the infrared beam splitter I (3) divides an infrared laser beam into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other, one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter I (3) is divided into two beams of light after passing through an infrared beam splitter II (4), one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter II (4) is split by an infrared beam splitter II (15) and then is collimated by an infrared collimator II (16) into infrared parallel light, the infrared parallel light is divided into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other after passing through an infrared beam splitter III (5), one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter III (5) penetrates through a region to be measured (26) after passing through a germanium planocrystal II (22), and is reflected to the germanium planocrystal II (22) through an infrared total reflection mirror IV (10) to filter visible light, finally, the infrared beam is irradiated onto an infrared beam splitter VI (30) through an infrared beam splitter III (5), and the infrared laser beam is called as a first infrared object beam;

one infrared laser beam split by the infrared beam splitter III (5) passes through the infrared total reflection mirror III (8), enters the optical fiber II (28), is expanded by the infrared beam expander III (19), is collimated by the infrared collimator III (20) to form infrared parallel light and reaches the infrared beam splitter VI (30), and the infrared laser beam is called as a first infrared reference beam;

another beam of infrared laser split by the infrared beam splitter I (3) is collimated by the infrared collimating mirror I (14) after being expanded by the infrared beam expander I (13) and then becomes infrared parallel light, the infrared parallel light is reflected by the infrared beam splitter V (6), penetrates through a region to be measured (26) after passing through the germanium flat crystal I (21), is reflected to the germanium flat crystal I (21) by the infrared total reflection mirror III (9) to filter visible light, and is finally reflected to the infrared beam splitter V (29) by the infrared total reflection mirror II (7), and the beam of infrared laser is called as a second beam of infrared object light;

another beam of infrared laser split by the infrared beam splitter II (4) enters the optical fiber I (27), is collimated by the infrared collimating lens III (18) after being expanded by the infrared beam expander III (17) to become infrared parallel light which reaches the infrared beam splitter V (29), and the beam of infrared laser beam is called as a second beam of infrared reference beam;

the first infrared object beam and the first infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, are coherently superposed on an infrared beam splitter VI (30), and are received and recorded by an infrared CCD II (12); the second beam of infrared object beam and the second beam of infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, are coherently superposed on an infrared beam splitter V (29), and are received and recorded by an infrared CCD I (11); the infrared holographic interference information received and recorded by the infrared CCD I (11) and the infrared CCD II (12) is transmitted to the computer (23) through the data line I (24) and the data line II (25).

2. The device for anemometry and anemometry by infrared holography according to claim 1 characterized in that the infrared laser emitted by the infrared laser (1) is a source of 0.8 ~ 2 μm or 3 ~ 5 μm or 8 ~ 13 μm in the infrared atmospheric window band.

3. The device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography according to claim 1, wherein the infrared beam splitter I (3), the infrared beam splitter II (4), the infrared beam splitter III (5), the infrared beam splitter IV (6), the infrared beam splitter V (29) and the infrared beam splitter VI (30) are germanium beam splitters, silicon beam splitters or glass beam splitters.

4. The device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography according to claim 1, wherein the infrared beam expander I (13), the infrared beam expander II (15), the infrared beam expander III (17) and the infrared beam expander IV (19) are germanium beam expanders, silicon beam expanders or glass beam expanders.

5. The device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography according to claim 1, wherein the infrared collimating mirror I (14), the infrared collimating mirror II (16), the infrared collimating mirror III (18) and the infrared collimating mirror IV (20) are germanium collimating mirrors, silicon collimating mirrors or glass collimating mirrors.

6. The device for measuring wind speed and direction by using infrared holography as claimed in claim 1, wherein the germanium flat crystal I (21) and the germanium flat crystal II (22) are germanium mirrors with front and back surfaces parallel to each other.

7. The device for wind speed and direction measurement by infrared holography according to claim 1, wherein the infrared total reflection mirror IV (9) and the infrared total reflection mirror V (10) are arranged on two walls of the housing perpendicular to the unfilled corner through a bracket or on other fixed objects.

8. The apparatus for anemometry of wind from infrared holography as claimed in claim 1 wherein said housing is made of a light opaque material.

Technical Field

The invention discloses a device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography, and belongs to the field of infrared holography application.

Background

The field wind speed measurement mainly comprises three types, namely a differential pressure type, an impeller type and a hot ball type, and in the research of the fields of outdoor measurement, detection and the like, the differential pressure type detection limit is low, the sensitivity is high, but the requirement on the uniformity of a flow field is higher, and the measurement is inaccurate easily caused by the non-uniform flow field in the measurement in the environment; the impeller type is durable, but is often used for long-term measurement, and the sensitivity is slightly poor; the hot ball type probe has high sensitivity and large measuring range, is suitable for environmental measurement, but the platinum wire connected with the hot ball in the probe is fragile, and the probe is easy to damage and cannot be repaired if careless in use. The optical detection has the advantages of high sensitivity and difficult damage, and the application of the infrared laser to the outdoor optical detection can greatly improve the anti-interference performance and the stability of the system.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention provides a device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography, which not only exerts the advantage that the infrared holography has higher precision on wind speed measurement in an outdoor environment, but also obtains the wind direction information of a detection area by obtaining and analyzing and calculating information of two dimensions.

The invention relates to a device for measuring wind speed and wind direction by using infrared holography, which comprises an infrared laser 1, an infrared total reflection mirror I2, an infrared beam splitter I3, an infrared beam splitter II 4, an infrared beam splitter III 5, an infrared beam splitter IV 6, an infrared total reflection mirror II 7, an infrared total reflection mirror III 8, an infrared total reflection mirror IV 9, an infrared total reflection mirror V10, an infrared CCD I11, an infrared CCD II 12, an infrared beam expander I13, an infrared collimating mirror I14, an infrared beam expander II 15, an infrared collimating mirror II 16, an infrared beam expander III 17, an infrared collimating mirror III 18, an infrared beam expander IV 19, an infrared collimating mirror IV 20, a germanium flat crystal I21, a germanium flat crystal II 22, a computer 23, a data line I24, a data line II 25, an optical fiber I27, an optical fiber II 28, an infrared beam splitter V29, an infrared beam splitter VI 30 and a shell;

the shell is a hollow cube with a missing angle, the infrared laser 1, the infrared total reflection mirror I2, the infrared beam splitter I3, the infrared beam splitter II 4, the infrared beam splitter III 5, the infrared beam splitter IV 6, the infrared total reflection mirror II 7, the infrared total reflection mirror III 8, the infrared CCD I11, the infrared CCD II 12, the infrared beam expander I13, the infrared collimator I14, the infrared beam expander II 15, the infrared collimator II 16, the infrared beam expander III 17, the infrared collimator III 18, the infrared beam expander IV 19, the infrared collimator IV 20, the optical fiber I27, the optical fiber II 28, the infrared beam splitter V29 and the infrared beam splitter VI 30 are arranged inside the shell, and the infrared CCD I11 and the infrared CCD II 12 are respectively connected with the computer 23 through a data line I24 and a data line II 25; two walls vertical to the unfilled corner of the shell are respectively provided with a hole, a germanium flat crystal I21 and a germanium flat crystal II 22 are arranged on the holes, the germanium flat crystal I21 is opposite to the infrared total reflection mirror IV 9, and the germanium flat crystal II 22 is opposite to the infrared total reflection mirror V10;

the infrared laser device 1 emits infrared laser which is reflected to an infrared beam splitter I3 through an infrared total reflection mirror I2, the infrared beam splitter I3 divides an infrared laser beam into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other, one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter I3 passes through an infrared beam splitter II 4 and then is divided into two beams of light, one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter II 4 passes through an infrared beam splitter II 15 and then is collimated into infrared parallel light through an infrared collimator II 16, the infrared parallel light passes through an infrared beam splitter III 5 and then is divided into two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other, one beam of infrared laser which is split by the infrared beam splitter III 5 passes through a germanium flat crystal II 22 and then penetrates through a region to be measured 26, the infrared laser is reflected to the germanium flat crystal II 22 through an infrared total reflection mirror IV 10 to filter visible light, and finally the infrared laser beam passes through the infrared beam splitter III 5 and irradiates the infrared beam splitter VI 30, and the beam is called as;

one infrared laser beam split by the infrared beam splitter III 5 passes through an infrared total reflection mirror III 8, enters the optical fiber II 28 as reference light, is expanded by an infrared beam expander III 19, is collimated by an infrared collimating mirror III 20 to form infrared parallel light, and reaches the infrared beam splitter VI 30, and the infrared laser beam is called as a first infrared reference beam;

another beam of infrared laser split by the infrared beam splitter I3 is expanded by the infrared beam expander I13 and then is collimated by the infrared collimating mirror I14 to become infrared parallel light, the infrared parallel light is reflected by the infrared beam splitter V6, passes through the germanium flat crystal I21 and then penetrates through the area to be measured 26, is reflected to the germanium flat crystal I21 by the infrared total reflection mirror III 9 to filter out visible light, and is finally reflected to the infrared beam splitter V29 by the infrared total reflection mirror II 7, and the beam of infrared laser is called as a second beam of infrared object beam;

another beam of infrared laser split by the infrared beam splitter II 4 enters an optical fiber I27 as reference light, is expanded by an infrared beam expander III 17 and then is collimated by an infrared collimating lens III 18 to form infrared parallel light which reaches an infrared beam splitter V29, the beam of infrared laser beam is called a second beam of infrared reference light, two beams of light which are perpendicular to each other are emitted by a germanium flat crystal I21 and a germanium flat crystal II 22 in a region to be measured 26 and are reflected back by an infrared total reflection mirror IV 9 and an infrared total reflection mirror V10 respectively and then are still perpendicular to each other, and information of two dimensions of the region to be measured is acquired;

the angle of the infrared beam splitter VI 30 meets the condition that a first infrared object beam and a first infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, the first infrared object beam and the first infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, are coherently superposed on the infrared beam splitter VI 30 and are finally received and recorded by an infrared CCD II 12; the angle of the infrared beam splitter V29 meets the condition that two beams of infrared light of a second beam of infrared object beam and a second beam of infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, the second beam of infrared object beam and the second beam of infrared reference beam are digital holographic coherent beams, are coherently superposed on the infrared beam splitter V29, and are finally received and recorded by an infrared CCD I11; the infrared holographic interference information received and recorded by the infrared CCD I11 and the infrared CCD II 12 is transmitted to the computer 23 through the data line I24 and the data line II 25, and the computer 23 obtains information such as wind speed, wind direction and the like of a measuring area through comparative analysis of interference fringes in the two holograms and performs recording processing and analysis calculation.

The infrared laser 1 emits infrared laser light as a wave source in the range of 0.8 ~ 2 μm or 3 ~ 5 μm or 8 ~ 13 μm in the infrared atmospheric window band to avoid rapid attenuation when propagating in air.

The infrared beam splitter I3, the infrared beam splitter II 4, the infrared beam splitter III 5, the infrared beam splitter IV 6, the infrared beam splitter V29 and the infrared beam splitter VI 30 are germanium beam splitters, silicon beam splitters or glass beam splitters.

The infrared beam expander I13, the infrared beam expander II 15, the infrared beam expander III 17 and the infrared beam expander IV 19 are germanium beam expanders, silicon beam expanders or glass beam expanders.

The infrared collimating lens I14, the infrared collimating lens II 16, the infrared collimating lens III 18 and the infrared collimating lens IV 20 are germanium collimating lenses, silicon collimating lenses or glass collimating lenses.

The germanium flat crystal I21 and the germanium flat crystal II 22 are germanium mirrors with front and back surfaces parallel to each other, and play a role in filtering out visible light.

The infrared total-reflection mirror IV 9 and the infrared total-reflection mirror V10 are arranged on two walls vertical to the unfilled corner of the shell through a bracket or arranged on other fixtures, and the other fixtures comprise a trunk, an electric pole, a mountain body, a wall and the like.

The shell is made of light-tight materials, can be a stainless steel shell, an iron sheet shell and the like, and prevents visible light from entering and interfering.

The optical paths of the first infrared object beam and the first infrared reference beam are the same, the optical paths of the second infrared object beam and the second infrared reference beam are the same, so that the interference effect is best and the requirement on the coherence length of the infrared laser 1 is reduced, the optical paths of the optical fibers I27 and II 28 can be adjusted, all mirror surfaces in the infrared laser device are fixed in a shell by a support and the like, the mirror surfaces do not move after the angle and the position are adjusted for the first time, and if problems occur, such as complete mismatch of information received by a computer, the shell is opened to check whether the mirror surfaces rotate or fall off.

The method comprises the steps that a CCD I11 and an infrared CCD II 12 are used for respectively receiving a first hologram formed by the interference of a first infrared object beam and a first infrared reference beam transmitted by a region to be measured and a second hologram formed by the interference of a second infrared object beam and a second infrared reference beam, the infrared CCD I11 and the infrared CCD II 12 transmit the received infrared hologram to a computer 23 through a data line I24 and a data line II 25, the computer 23 records and contrasts and analyzes two holograms shot at the same time, and information such as wind speed and wind direction of the measured region is obtained and recorded; according to the change of the shape, density and other characteristic values of the interference fringes of the two holograms shot at the same moment, the components of the wind direction in two directions are obtained, and the wind direction of the detection area is obtained through calculation, so that the real-time measurement and recording of the wind direction and the wind speed of the detection area are realized.

The invention has the beneficial effects that:

(1) the whole device is protected and fixed by a lightproof shell, and only two round holes are reserved on the device and embedded with the germanium flat crystal I and the germanium flat crystal II for filtering the interference of visible light and improving the imaging quality.

(2) The device is used for measuring the wind speed and the wind direction, can quickly and accurately obtain the wind speed information in the area to be detected, especially can better embody the advantages of detecting the real-time wind direction of the detection area under the combined action of the two-dimensional light path, and can better obtain the real-time wind speed and wind direction data.

(3) According to the invention, the distance of the infrared total-reflection mirror IV and the infrared total-reflection mirror V can be adjusted according to measurement requirements, the size of a measurement area is changed, the installation, adjustment and use are easy, and when the positions of the infrared total-reflection mirror IV and the infrared total-reflection mirror V are changed, the lengths of the optical fiber I and the optical fiber II can be changed.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an apparatus according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;

in the figure: 1-an infrared laser; 2-infrared total reflection mirror I; 3-an infrared beam splitter I; 4-infrared beam splitter II; 5-infrared beam splitter III; 6-infrared beam splitter IV; 7-infrared total reflection mirror II; 8-infrared total reflection mirror III; 9-infrared total reflection mirror IV; 10-infrared total reflection mirror V; 11-infrared CCD I; 12-infrared CCD II; 13-infrared beam expander I; 14-an infrared collimating mirror I; 15-infrared beam expander II; 16-an infrared collimating mirror II; 17-infrared beam expander III; 18-infrared collimating mirror III; 19-infrared beam expander IV; 20-infrared collimating mirror IV; 21-germanium flat crystal I; 22-germanium flat crystal II; 23-a computer; 24-data line I; 25-data line ii; 26-area to be measured; 27-fiber I; 28-fiber II; 29-infrared beam splitter v; 30-infrared beam splitter VI.

Detailed Description

For the purpose of illustrating the working mode of the present invention in detail, the following further describes the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings, it being understood that the embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the present invention and the present invention is not limited thereto, and the elements used in the examples are all commercially available elements as are conventional in the art without specific reference thereto.