Overheating-prevention spontaneous combustion-prevention and self-explosion-prevention method for battery pack
阅读说明：本技术 一种电池包防过热防自燃防自爆方法 (Overheating-prevention spontaneous combustion-prevention and self-explosion-prevention method for battery pack ) 是由 纪国军 于 2019-10-31 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及电池包安全技术和散热技术领域,公开了一种电池包防过热、防自燃、防自爆方法,包括箱体、冷却单元、减压单元,所述的电池包是由内壳体、外壳体、电池组模块、立柱板模块、电池格栅、电池组格栅、分流孔管、导流液管组成,电池包一边设有进液口,另一边设有抽液口,外部设有进液口和出液口,电池之间能上下周围都有空间直接散热；冷却单元包括温控器、降温液泵、电动阀；减压单元包括外部换热器、真空泵、排气安全阀。本发明主要公开了一种电池包防过热、防自燃、防自爆方法,“不封闭、不围框液体,直接浸泡电池的方法”,具有成本低、效率高、结构简单、通用性强的特点。(The invention relates to the technical field of battery pack safety technology and heat dissipation, and discloses a battery pack overheating prevention, spontaneous combustion prevention and self-explosion prevention method, which comprises a box body, a cooling unit and a pressure reduction unit, wherein the battery pack consists of an inner shell, an outer shell, a battery pack module, a column plate module, a battery grid, a battery pack grid, a shunt hole pipe and a flow guide liquid pipe; the cooling unit comprises a temperature controller, a cooling liquid pump and an electric valve; the pressure reducing unit comprises an external heat exchanger, a vacuum pump and an exhaust safety valve. The invention mainly discloses a method for preventing overheating, spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of a battery pack, and discloses a method for directly soaking a battery without sealing or enclosing frame liquid, which has the characteristics of low cost, high efficiency, simple structure and strong universality.)
1. An overheating-prevention spontaneous combustion-prevention and self-explosion-prevention method for a battery pack is characterized by comprising the following steps:
1) the heat dissipation method comprises the steps of directly soaking batteries without sealing or enclosing liquid, inputting liquid into a battery pack while pumping out the liquid, forming a 3D three-dimensional space by the batteries under the support of corresponding modules, and naturally allowing heat-conducting oil to perform vertical convection movement and peripheral diffusion movement in a mode of directly contacting the batteries with the heat-conducting oil, so that each battery can be contacted with the liquid in the whole body without obstruction, and 3D three-dimensional heat dissipation is realized;
2) on the basis of the heat dissipation method that the battery pack is not sealed and does not enclose the frame liquid and is directly soaked, the heat dissipation of a heating part is quickly realized, the heat is uniformly distributed on the whole, and the heat of the heating part is prevented from being accumulated locally and quickly; the whole battery, the connecting wires and the components are fully filled and soaked in liquid, so that the liquid can shield and isolate dangerous gas and sparks possibly generated during arc extinction, the two box bodies are kept permanently communicated through a method of externally connecting a heat exchanger, a vacuum pump and a variable cross pipeline, the dangerous gas possibly generated in the battery pack and the electrolyte leaked outside are led out and exhausted, the vacuum state in the box bodies is kept through the vacuum pump, and dissolved gas is separated out and then exhausted.
2. The 3D heat dissipation method according to claim 1 is also a pressure reduction method for manufacturing a soft package battery, and is characterized in that the battery can be directly subjected to omnibearing set hydraulic pressure in a 3D space, so that the soft package battery can be required to be matched and customized, and low-pressure forming is performed during manufacturing, and the characteristics of high activity and high capacity of low-pressure forming electrolyte are maintained.
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of battery packs, and particularly relates to an overheating-prevention spontaneous combustion-prevention and self-explosion-prevention method for a battery pack.
Background
At present, the spontaneous combustion spontaneous explosion incident of electric automobile power battery frequently occurs, along with new energy automobile's rapid development, to new energy automobile's security, becomes the problem of solving first, but current battery package heat dissipation technique to and Battery Management System (BMS), can't thoroughly solve the difficult problem that battery package spontaneous combustion spontaneous explosion all because there are many shortcomings and functional limitation, as follows:
the existing air-cooled heat exchange technology has the following defects: the air cooling heat dissipation is the lowest efficiency, the service life of the lithium battery is reduced, dust can be generated for the battery pack, and the air cooling is safer because the air cooling directly conveys oxygen to the battery pack, and once the internal short circuit self-ignition self-explosion of individual batteries occurs, the air cooling brings or contains sufficient oxygen, and can immediately cause violent reaction, and further the self-ignition self-explosion of the whole battery pack can be further caused.
The existing liquid cooling heat dissipation technology has the following defects: when the electric vehicle is in a static full power-off state, when a management system fails and a heat dissipation system cannot be started in time, heat generated when the electrolyte leaks out and is subjected to oxidation reaction can be trapped by isolation materials, heat conduction materials, flow guide media, cooling channels and the like around the battery or can be stacked and sealed by a plurality of battery units, and the phenomena of local overheating, heat trapping and heat resistance can be generated, so that the hidden danger of spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the whole battery pack is further caused.
Limitations of Battery Management Systems (BMS): the current reality of frequent spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion accidents of electric automobiles proves that the better Battery Management System (BMS) can not solve the problems occurring in the battery, such as the battery is quickly charged and overcharged to cause the positive electrode to release oxygen and the negative electrode to separate lithium, the instant chemical reaction, the instant short circuit in the battery, the electrolyte to oxidize and burn, the electrolyte to leak, crystallize and accumulate and the like, and the thermal runaway of the battery pack is further caused, the reaction can be stopped when the overcharge and overdischarge sources are not cut off in time, the BMS management system is powerless, and the reactions still occur when the battery management system is in a closed state or fails; moreover, electrolyte chemical reaction, humid air or have water to be electrolyzed all can produce hydrogen, vibrations friction extrusion during operation or striking all probably take place various electric arc sparks, and the hydrogen that triggers to exist can spontaneous combustion spontaneous explosion, and these are all not controlled by Battery Management System (BMS), and this is the current car enterprise who possesses the good BMS technique, also frequently takes place too much and has the root cause of spontaneous combustion spontaneous explosion.
It can be seen that all the above factors of spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the lithium battery can not be solved by the Battery Management System (BMS) and the existing heat dissipation technology, so a new technology is needed to solve the problem of spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the whole battery pack.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an overheating-prevention, spontaneous combustion-prevention and self-explosion-prevention method for a battery pack, so as to solve various defects and shortcomings in the background technology.
A method for preventing battery pack from overheating, spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion (called D3F method for short) is characterized in that the method for preventing battery pack from overheating is a method for directly soaking a battery (electric core) without sealing and surrounding frame liquid by insulating heat conduction oil, and insulating heat conduction oil is filled in the battery pack, so that the battery is directly and completely soaked in heat conduction liquid with optimal characteristics. According to the method, only liquid needs to be input into the battery pack while liquid is pumped out, the battery forms a 3D space under the support of the corresponding module, then the heat conduction oil is directly contacted with the battery, the heat conduction oil naturally flows up and down in a convection mode and spreads around, each battery (block) can be contacted with the liquid on the whole body in an unimpeded mode, the 3D heat dissipation is realized in a three-dimensional mode, and the purposes of rapid heat dissipation and heat conduction are achieved, so that the purpose of overheating prevention is achieved. The battery can directly receive the omnidirectional hydraulic pressure of setting for in 3D's space, can require the laminate polymer battery of supporting customization like this, and low pressure shaping keeps high activity, the high capacity characteristics that low pressure shaping electrolyte has during the manufacturing.
The safety technology of the battery pack spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion preventing method is based on a heat dissipation method that a battery is directly soaked in liquid without sealing or enclosing a frame in the battery pack, and firstly, a heating part quickly dissipates heat, the heat is uniformly distributed as a whole, and the heat of the heating part is prevented from being accumulated locally and quickly; the whole battery, connecting wires, components and the like are fully filled and soaked in liquid, so that the liquid can shield and isolate dangerous gases and sparks possibly generated during arc extinction, the two box bodies are kept permanently communicated through a method of externally connecting a heat exchanger, a vacuum pump and a variable cross pipeline, the dangerous gases possibly generated in the battery pack and the electrolyte leaked outside are led out and exhausted, the box bodies are kept in a vacuum state through the vacuum pump, gases possibly dissolved are separated out and then exhausted, and the aim of comprehensively preventing the battery pack from spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion is fulfilled by the comprehensive method. The invention discloses a method for directly soaking batteries without sealing and enclosing frame liquid (D3F). under the premise of the liquid, the range of the batteries comprises each battery, each battery cell, each battery module and each unit battery, and the range of use comprises a battery pack (box), a battery energy storage device and an independent battery pack.
The pressing plate module at the top of the battery (electric core) and the base plate module at the bottom are modules of 'flat plate plus small stand columns with gaps', the stand column plate module is formed in one step, the small stand columns with gaps are arranged on the plate surface and pressed on the upper surface of the battery and under the battery, and liquid can flow in the upper part and the lower part of the battery without obstruction; the main body of the cross battery grid is a cross upright post which plays the role of fixing and spacing battery spaces, the secondary body is a transverse connecting strip at the upper part and the lower part and only has the function of fixing frame molding, the batteries are supported by an upright post plate and are provided with grids designed by micro contact between the batteries, so that each section (block) of the batteries can form a 3D three-dimensional space, liquid flowing and diffusing spaces are arranged in all directions, and the batteries can be subjected to 3D three-dimensional unimpeded heat dissipation or heating, thereby achieving the best implementation device of the method (D3F).
The business turn over pipe of conduction oil in the battery package, "be the cross design structure of variable line", two pipes are through electric valve, two pipes are through the liquid pump, switch over the route each other when starting the liquid pump, the inside 4 root canals of battery package, 4 root canals just become 2 root canals behind the export, this kind of design structure and switching method, can be when Battery Management System (BMS) became invalid, when not starting, can keep two permanent through state of pipe, do not blocked by liquid pump or electric valve, just can let outside heat exchanger box and battery package (battery box) box, the permanent through state that keeps between two boxes, can play the effect of natural convection and buffering.
The invention relates to a method for flexibly compressing a soft package battery (battery module) by natural hydraulic pressure formed by two boxes and matching with a 3D (three-dimensional) soaking method of the invention, which can solve the problems of the soft package battery module: the problem that when the processing pressure is too low, the single battery bulges and is separated from layers due to vibration when the electric vehicle runs, and the local deformation and chemical degradation are caused due to too high pressure, so that the larger capacity attenuation rate is caused is solved.
Preferably, the battery in the battery pack is further provided with upright post plate modules at the upper part and the lower part, which are formed in one step, and small upright posts with gaps are arranged on the plate surface and pressed on the upper part of the battery and the lower part of the battery, so that liquid can flow in the upper part and the lower part of the battery without obstruction.
Furthermore, soft package or square battery is fixed and is kept apart by can welding fixed "primary and secondary formula cross battery grid", and the main part cross can be microcontact keep apart and fix mutual battery, and secondary body cross is the transverse connection strip of upper portion and lower part, mainly plays the fashioned effect of fixed frame. The cylindrical battery grids are circular micro-contact grids, can be welded and integrally fixed, have fixing function and mutual isolation function, and are designed to be in micro-contact with the battery.
Furthermore, there is "stand clamp plate" on the battery, under having "stand backing plate" to support, around under the grid isolation and the fixing of microcontact, like this, because of having not had other heat conduction, medium annex of heat transfer, can let the upper portion and the lower part of battery, 360 degrees unhindered contact conduction oil around, three-dimensional heat dissipation or heating, this kind of 3D three-dimensional heat dissipation mode is different from other current heat dissipation technologies, only partial or partial heat dissipation, like: other heat dissipation technologies are that the battery conducts flow guiding and heat dissipation through a channel formed by a flow guiding cooling pipe, a flow guiding cooling belt, a flow guiding cooling plate, a composite pore plate and the like, and the flow guiding and heat dissipation technology comprises the steps of replacing a plate surface with one surface formed by stacking original components of unit batteries, then forming a cavity with a bottom plate, a top plate and other media in a surrounding way, and forming a channel as a cooling flow channel to replace a pipeline for local or partial heat dissipation of the battery, wherein the cavity channel formed by the unit batteries is actually formed by the unit batteries, the heat dissipation efficiency is very low, the unit batteries stacked in the cooling flow channel are seen on the surface, one surface in the channel of the surrounding frame can also be directly contacted with liquid for heat dissipation, but for one battery core or one unit battery, more than 80% of the area is sealed by the battery shells stacked mutually or the surrounding frames of the unit battery shells, and once an individual battery core is internally, the heat is conducted to other enclosed cells, chain reaction can occur, even if the heating monomer does not explode, the generated gas can be discharged from the explosion-proof port, but the reaction heat can be continued, and the surrounding cells are thermally damaged, so that more internal changes of the cells are caused, and more hidden dangers are left.
The method of the invention is '3D three-dimensional heat dissipation without sealing and enclosing frame', a single battery (electric core) or each unit battery has a space for liquid movement heat dissipation up and down and around, so chain reaction of other electric cores can be avoided, other heat dissipation modes limit cooling liquid in a certain space, when a heat dissipation system is not started or a battery management system fails, heat generated locally and instantly can be trapped and cannot be released into overall cooling liquid (cooling oil), the method of the invention can not be achieved, and on the premise that the battery management system fails, the effects of 'natural overall heat sharing and dilution cooling' can still be achieved, the method of the invention only needs to introduce cold liquid into a battery pack by a liquid pipe at one side and extract hot liquid by a liquid pipe at the other side, the specific implementation flow steps can be explained by referring to the following embodiments, the mode that the cooling oil does not surround the frame and is filled into the contact battery can naturally lead the heat conduction oil to carry out vertical convection movement and peripheral diffusion movement, lead each battery (block) or each unit battery to be contacted with liquid in a whole body without obstruction, carry out 3D three-dimensional heat dissipation, and achieve the aim of rapid heat dissipation and heat exchange, thereby achieving the aim of preventing overheating by the method.
In the (D3F) method, the method for preventing spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion is realized on the basis of the 3D heat dissipation method and the system flow, because the whole battery, welding points, connecting lines, components and the like are completely soaked in the solution by the insulating heat conduction oil, the characteristic of floating of gases such as hydrogen, oxygen and the like can be utilized, hydrogen (mixed gas) and oxygen which are possibly generated by various reactions are filled with the insulating heat conduction oil, after shielding, separation and isolation are carried out, when a liquid pump of the heat dissipation system is frequently started, inflammable hydrogen and oxygen are discharged out of a battery pack along with the liquid, enter an external heat exchanger and are discharged out through an exhaust valve or a vacuum pump of the external heat exchanger; the method for switching the external heat exchanger by adding the vacuum pump and the variable line aims at realizing the program setting, so that the inside of the heat exchanger can be kept in a vacuum state, the effect of evacuating floating gas in a battery pack can be realized, and the effect of separating out gas possibly dissolved in heat conducting oil can be realized; by the method of fully soaking the battery pack, the aging of the circuit is prevented, and arc extinction is realized to eliminate electric arc sparks which are easy to generate when the electric vehicle is subjected to various vibrations and impacts; in conclusion, the method and the technical principle and the corresponding system structure can fundamentally eliminate the precondition existing conditions that the battery pack can generate spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion: the hydrogen (mixed gas), oxygen and spark, thereby achieving the purposes of preventing spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the whole battery pack.
In the battery pack of the embodiment of the method (D3F), the 'variable line cross design structure and the switching method' refer to 4 flow guide pipes for insulating heat conduction oil in the battery pack, two pipes pass through an electric valve, and the two pipes pass through a liquid pump, and mutually switch passages when the liquid pump is started, so that 4 pipes in the battery pack are changed into 2 pipes after being discharged.
The line-changing design and the principle of the line-changing design are very important for a completely-static and completely-power-off electric vehicle, because under the condition that a battery management system fails or cannot be started in time, local heat generated by instant short circuit in a battery and local heat generated by chemical reaction of electrolyte can occur, at the moment, if the system is not started, the heat can be trapped and rapidly heated, the result of further chain reaction is caused, and the reason is also the spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of a plurality of static electric vehicles.
Further, the 'cross design structure and switching method of variable lines' can enable the two boxes to keep a permanent through state, and the design aim is that 'natural hydraulic pressure formed by the two boxes is utilized and matched with the 3D stereoscopic soaking method of the invention, the method is also a method for flexibly compressing the soft package battery (battery module)', and the problems existing in the soft package battery module can be solved: if the processing pressure is too low, the single battery bulges and separates from layers when the electric vehicle runs due to vibration, and if the processing pressure is too high, the local deformation and chemical degradation are caused, so that the problem of larger capacity attenuation rate is solved.
Furthermore, according to the (D3F) method adopting the 3D technology of the invention, the low hydraulic pressure of the outer box body which is not too high can be utilized to carry out 3D omnibearing hydraulic pressure on the battery module, and the soft package battery can be flexibly compressed, so that when a matched battery or a battery module is correspondingly customized, the pressure on the laminated battery can be reduced, the highest activity of electrolyte can be kept, the electric capacity can be improved, the service life of the battery can be prolonged, and the advantages of high density and long service life of the soft package battery can be fully exerted.
[ outstanding advantages of the invention ]
The 3D three-dimensional heat dissipation method implemented by the method (D3F) of the invention not only can achieve the highest heat dissipation efficiency, but also can prolong the service life of the whole battery due to the design characteristic of uniform heat distribution of the whole battery.
The method (D3F) can be used for synchronously solving the problems of overheating, spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion of the battery pack by carving with one arrow, particularly avoiding further greater consequences under the condition that a Battery Management System (BMS) fails, and smoothly solving the problem of difficult pressure selection during the manufacture of the soft-package battery.
The (D3F) method of the invention has comprehensive universality, and the solution of the principle of the method, whether the battery pack is a module battery pack or a non-module battery pack, is suitable for installing batteries with any shapes, including cylindrical batteries, square batteries, soft-package batteries and the like.
The (D3F) method of the invention, corresponding to the 3D heat dissipation technology, has unique creativity and novelty for the existing battery heat dissipation technology, and because the structure required by the method principle is simple, the complex process and various component materials are saved, the cost of the system is reduced, the production efficiency is improved, and the method has the practicability of promoting the development of the electric vehicle for the future development.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the 3D technology of the method (D3F) provided by the invention can ensure that the safety of the battery pack reaches the highest, and the development direction of new energy is seriously influenced in the face of the situation that policy tendency is embarrassed due to frequent spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion accidents of the current electric vehicle.
2. The 3D technology of the (D3F) method provided by the invention can solve the further consequences of the defects of the soft package lithium battery: the battery has the defects that a group of batteries are scrapped as long as one battery has a problem and the pressure selection is difficult during manufacturing, thereby exerting the advantages of high energy density, small internal resistance and long service life and promoting the practicability of the battery.
3. The 3D technology of the method (D3F) provided by the invention has a decisive effect on future development of a new energy electric vehicle, because the lengths of safety and endurance mileage are the key to defeat a fuel vehicle, and a battery capable of realizing long endurance is provided, only a lithium battery has a larger energy density and comprises a solid lithium battery and a liquid lithium battery, the solid lithium battery has the advantages of large energy density and relatively high safety theoretically, but the disadvantages of higher cost and overlarge interface impedance exist in the future, the highest cost is the biggest obstacle in the case of more and more cheap fuel vehicles, the electric vehicle is difficult to be used and developed, the energy density is higher in the future, the 801 cobalt-free battery and the 811 battery are provided, the 811 battery is mature in technology, the advantages of relatively highest energy density and low cost are provided, but the disadvantage of more easily generating heat and spontaneous combustion exists, the problem of thoroughly solving the safety problem of the liquid lithium battery is the urgent need to promote the continuous development of the electric vehicle, especially when the embarrassment caused by spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion frequently happens to the electric vehicles of big and small brands before the eyes, the purchase desire of consumers is seriously struck! The technology for solving the safety of the battery pack is more critical, and the safety can be fundamentally solved, so that the advantages of the pre-consumer 811 liquid lithium battery can be fully exerted, and the method for preventing overheating, spontaneous combustion and spontaneous explosion (D3F) of the battery pack adopting the 3D technology can solve the safety problem of the battery pack, can fully exert the advantages of the soft package lithium battery, particularly the advantages of high density and long service life, is most practical for consumers, can consider whether the soft package battery can be the same battery core, adds a double-layer diaphragm, increases the packaging volume of the electrolyte and adds a widening and lengthening point, thereby not only reducing the cost, but also improving the density, and also improving the protection of electrolyte breakdown The problems of unsuitability due to too cold in the north, short service life of the battery and difficult charging can be completely solved, because the length of the endurance mileage is the determining factor of the length of the battery, because the longer the endurance mileage is, the less the charging times are, the longer the service life of the battery is naturally, and if the actual service life is positioned by charging once a day for 5 years, if the endurance mileage is greatly increased, the charging times are reduced, if the charging times reach 3 days on average, the service life of 1 day for 1 time is three times that of 1 day, namely 15 years, the service life of the fuel vehicle is basically reached, and the service life of the fuel vehicle is basically the same as that of the fuel vehicle! If the vehicle can be charged for 1 time in 10 days on average only for going to work and getting out of office, the service life of the battery is far longer than that of a fuel vehicle, so that the defect of short service life of the battery is completely eliminated, the worry of consumers about replacing the battery is eliminated, because the service life of the vehicle is up, the battery is replaced, whether a charging pile is popularized or not is unimportant, a power station is worth replacing, the charging pile is not forced to be charged quickly, because enough electric quantity exists, the charging pile is not required to be charged with high-price electricity (service cost is too high) at all, a high fund is not required to be spent for replacing a battery pack, the money is saved by self-family charging, the high-voltage quick charging is not required, the service life of the battery is longer, the queuing is not required, enough electric quantity exists, the air conditioner is dared to be started in summer, the defect of comparing the vehicle is eliminated, the competitiveness of the electric vehicle is comprehensive, the new energy electric vehicle can be promoted to be developed quickly, and the new energy electric vehicle can naturally further replace a fuel oil vehicle.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a plan view showing the overall structure of a battery pack according to the present invention
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the principle and system structure of the (D3F) method of the present invention
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the connection and flow of the external heat exchanger of the battery pack of the present invention
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing the outline of each module for one-side specific installation
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a cylindrical battery grid and column spacer module
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a cylindrical battery 3D space
FIG. 7 is a schematic 3D space diagram of a pouch and a prismatic cell
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of a grid module structure of a square or soft-package battery
FIG. 9 is a schematic view of a frame structure of a battery pack case according to the present invention
FIG. 10 shows the distribution of the main circuit and the liquid tube in the battery pack
FIG. 11 is a schematic view of different frame structures of a battery pack
The labels in the figure are: 1 insulating conduction oil, 2 shell bodies (outer), 3 interior casings, 4 stand clamp plate backing plate modules, 5 batteries (electric core), 6 liquid pipe butt joint mouths of tubes, 7 liquid pipe butt joint mouths of tubes, 8 cylindrical battery grid module, 9 anodal main lines, 10 negative pole main lines, the conduction oil business turn over pipe shown in 11, the conduction oil business turn over pipe shown in 12, 13 group battery fixed frame, 14 fixed grid module in battery interval, 15 aluminum alloy interlayer backing plates, 16 flame retardant coatings, 17 overcharge and over-discharge protection devices, 18 support module, 19 outside heat exchangers, 20 vacuum pumps, 21 vacuum pump discharge valves, 22 is heat exchanger discharge valves, 27 is the blowdown, the flowing back valve.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the overall structure of a battery pack, and the insulated heat conducting oil 1, preferably low-viscosity simethicone, has the same fluidity as water at the viscosity of 10 or less, can be used for a long time at-50 ℃ to +200 ℃, and also has the characteristics of insulativity, thermal conductivity, arc extinction, chemical inertness, nonflammability, oxidation resistance of a protective medium, small viscosity-temperature coefficient, water resistance of a sealing film medium, particularly the characteristics of a grinding tool, rubber and a circuit which do not corrode metal and do not dissolve plastic, and the characteristics which are not possessed by other heat conducting oils; the outer shell (outer layer of the battery pack) is preferably made of aluminum alloy; the inner shell 3 is preferably made of high-temperature-resistant PPR or flame-retardant PVC (plastic steel) profile; the battery (electric core) 5 can be assembled with electric cores of any shapes such as round, square and soft packages; the cylindrical
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of arrangement of heat exchange pipelines of a battery pack, which is a 3D full immersion technical principle implemented by a (D3F) method, specifically explaining and simplifying a system structure, wherein a
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the connection and flow of the external heat exchanger of the battery pack, and 19 is an external heat exchanger, which can be integrated with an air conditioning system and used for conversion; the 20 shown is a vacuum pump and is used for evacuating air in the heat exchanger, hydrogen (mixed gas) possibly generated by internal short circuit reaction in the battery pack and oxygen possibly generated by electrolysis, keeping the vacuum or low negative pressure state in the box body, setting a program or setting evacuation for several times every day, and aiming at separating out hydrogen or oxygen which can be dissolved in heat conduction oil of the battery pack, so that no gas exists in the battery pack and an external heat exchanger, and the highest safety coefficient is achieved; 21, which is a controller for measuring the air pressure in the heat exchanger, sets the required pressure value to start the vacuum pump; the 22 shown is a low-pressure exhaust valve and is provided with one more safety valve, so that generated gas can be naturally exhausted under the condition that the vacuum pump fails, the battery pack is always in a state without too high atmospheric pressure, and the safety coefficient of the battery pack is further improved; the 27 shown is a blowoff valve, the caliber of the valve is selected to be capable of being connected with an external hose, and the purpose is that when the battery pack needs to be replaced, a heating (blowdown) liquid pump can be started, the blowoff valve is opened, all heat conducting oil is led out, and is filled into a container, and then the battery is refilled after the replacement; the final process of battery pack assembly is that after all batteries, parts, pipelines, modules and the like in all battery packs are installed and fixed, the final sealing positions of all battery cores are brushed by using high-temperature-resistant silicone to play a role of secondary sealing, the battery cores with poor quality are avoided from being sealed untight, finally a sealing gasket is added on the frame of a box body, and the battery packs are tightly sealed by screw compression; the other is that the heat-preservation inner shell and the inner shell of the upper cover are both planar, the design material of the contact part is thickened a little, and the cover is directly welded by hot melting, thus the absolute sealing is! When the battery core needs to be replaced, the battery core is cut off, after sealing is finished, then low-viscosity dimethyl silicon oil is filled, after an external heat exchanger pipeline is connected, the low-viscosity dimethyl silicon oil is added into the external heat exchanger, the total amount is not more than half, and the remaining half of space is used as a buffer space.
Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view showing the brief introduction of each module of a specific installation on one side, and 2001 and 2004 are liquid inlet pipes on one transverse side of the top and the bottom, the preferable material is a PPR plastic material or a PVC profile (plastic steel), and the material has the advantages of low temperature impact resistance, insulation, hot melt, economy, long service life and the like, and the pipe head of the last section of pipe which turns is blocked, and then two rows of small holes are drilled on the pipe head, so that the pressure reduction effect during drainage and the uniform flow distribution effect are realized; the upright post base plate module 4 is a supporting upright post plate pressed on the upper surface and the bottom of the battery, the materials are all the same, the mutual welding is facilitated, and the bottom upright post base plate can also be selected from aluminum alloy and an insulating paint coating; the
Fig. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a cylindrical battery grid and a column gasket module, the isolating and fixing grid module 8 is shown, the column upper and lower gaskets 4 are shown, the cylindrical battery grid can be welded and fixed with a frame and an inner shell, a cylindrical battery (electric core) grid round sleeve is designed into a cylindrical ring round, so that the grid sleeve contacts less battery surface, because the battery and the grid sleeve are round, under the isolation of micro-contact of the round grid, each battery and the battery do not have any contact point, the upper and lower parts and the periphery of the battery are soaked by insulating heat conduction oil for 360 degrees, even if 5 triangular spaces are arranged at the isolating grid, the heat conduction silicone oil can naturally flow and dissipate heat without obstruction from the upper part and the lower part, not only can the optimal heat dissipation effect be achieved, but also a space buffer effect is achieved, under the condition that a battery management system fails, when individual batteries are subjected to internal short circuit expansion or explosion, the buffering space avoids puncturing or accident and other good batteries and further avoids the consequences of chain reaction, and the cylindrical battery isolation fence can be customized according to the requirement, can be made into an independent strip, can also be connected into a whole by two strips, can also be made into a sub-frame which is connected into a whole in size, and can also be mutually welded with the frame in a hot melting way.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a 3D space of a cylindrical battery, and the insulated conduction oil 1 is low-viscosity simethicone; it can be seen from the figure that the whole battery (electric core) is surrounded by the heat-conducting oil, no matter the cold circulation of the upper liquid or the heat circulation of the lower liquid, the whole is smooth, and the 3D heat dissipation and heating are realized, so the efficiency is the highest.
Fig. 7 shows a 3D space schematic of a pouch and prismatic cell.
Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram showing a structure of a grid module of a square or soft-package battery, wherein a module grid 14 is shown, a heat-resistant PPR or PVC profile (plastic steel) is selected as a material, and the module grid can be formed at one time, and can be welded by hot melting, so that an isolation and fixing effect can be achieved, the height of a grid frame (cross-shaped upright post) is designed according to the height of a mounted battery (a battery cell and an individual unit battery), and the number of connected small frames is designed according to needs, so that the grid module of the battery pack is not only simple in structure and low in cost, but also is very fast in battery assembly, can be streamlined, and is very fast in manual assembly and can be inserted in a row; the cross-shaped grid is designed to have few contact surfaces with the battery (electric core), more insulating heat-conducting silicone oil 1 can be contacted with the surface of each battery 5, the upper part, the lower part and the four sides (optional) can be radiated without obstruction, the defect of heat obstruction is avoided, heat trapped by various media can not be resisted, the cross-shaped grid can ensure that spaces are formed on the four sides between the battery and full flexible heat-conducting liquid, the heat exchanger penetrating through the outside has height, the hydraulic effect can be realized, the natural bulge of a soft package battery is reduced, the compaction effect of a hard shell battery is realized, the bulge has a buffering space when an adverse battery is subjected to internal short circuit, other liquid cooling heat radiation modes have hard media such as a heat exchange aluminum alloy porous plate, a composite liquid plate, a metal flow guide belt and a flat pipe, or a plurality of unit batteries are stacked together, the expansion buffering space is not existed, and the result that the whole battery core is damaged and the whole group is scrapped can be, and further chain reaction, which is also one of the reasons for spontaneous combustion of the soft package battery.
Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram showing a frame structure of a battery pack case, where 9A is a plan view of a partial frame of a battery pack, 9B is a structural diagram showing a side section frame of the battery pack, and the outer case 2 of the battery pack (case) is made of metal, and can be made of stainless steel or aluminum alloy formed at one time, and mainly plays a role in protection; the vacuum inner shell 3 (inner layer) is made of high-temperature-resistant PPR or flame-retardant PVC (polyvinyl chloride) profile materials, and is beneficial to welding with a battery pack frame, when the vacuum inner shell of the battery pack is manufactured, a plastic-steel interlayer heat insulation plate can be formed at one step, or the plate can be manufactured firstly, then the plate is cut to a proper size, the air in the vacuum inner shell is pumped out and sealed, and then the vacuum inner shell is butt-welded to form a box body; the grid material of the battery pack fixing frame 13 is also selected from the same plastic material, so that the grid can be conveniently welded with the heat-preservation inner shell to form an integral body; the battery package flame retardant coating 16 shown, the flame retardant coating is selective, selects according to actual need, and between battery package heat retaining interior casing and outer metal casing, it is right to select suitable fire prevention material, mainly plays when preventing that the accident from receiving the striking, if the outside conflagration breaks out, can protect the battery package, avoids further consequence.
The aluminum alloy interlayer backing plate 15 can be placed at the bottom layer and the upper layer of a metal shell in a battery pack, can also be placed below the battery pack to serve as a tray, and can also be formed with the aluminum alloy shell in one step to protect a frame structure of the battery pack and strongly support a chassis frame of an automobile, so that the chassis frame of the automobile body is deformed and extruded to the battery pack when the side impact is prevented, a layer of aluminum alloy interlayer plate is arranged at the bottom of the chassis frame to buffer, the battery pack can be protected from being impacted by ground foreign matters, and the deformation of the battery pack, the damage of the battery, the extrusion short circuit of a circuit and the; the method (D3F) of the invention is that on the premise that the whole battery pack is kept complete, after the problems of internal short circuit, electrolyte leakage reaction, electric arc phenomenon and limited local stabbing or pit deformation caused by the rapid charging and over-discharging of individual batteries are achieved, and the individual batteries are caused by the conditions, the method (D3F) of the invention can prevent further integral larger consequences, if serious accidents occur, the battery pack is seriously damaged and deformed, and what protection measures are zero, even though all solid-state lithium batteries are dangerous, because the positive and negative electrodes can be in large-area short circuit, the integrity of the whole frame of the battery pack is also important, although the serious traffic accidents are only one hundred thousand, in order that the electric vehicle can replace a fuel vehicle, the safety of the electric vehicle must be comprehensively improved, so the integrity of the whole frame of the battery pack is protected, the invention also provides one of the battery pack frame defense methods, and a method for reinforcing the chassis frame, which is used for protecting the whole frame of the battery pack.
Fig. 10 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of the main circuit and the liquid pipe of the battery pack, 13 is a frame of the battery pack or the battery pack, 9 is a main circuit of the positive electrode, 10 is a main circuit of the negative electrode, 12 is a liquid pipe of heat conducting oil, the main circuit is arranged below the positive electrode and the negative electrode, the main circuit is distributed on two sides of a cylinder of the liquid pipe and is separated by a convex pipe and a vertical column pressing plate (see fig. 4), for the cylindrical battery circuit, the position circuit on the liquid pipes on two sides only places the main circuit of the positive electrode, the main circuit of the negative electrode can be placed at the middle position 13, and as can be seen from the figure, the distribution mode of each path is that a certain distance is reserved between the live wire and the zero wire, the main circuit of the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be prevented from being extruded by external force, the protection setting arrangement can be simplified, the layout is flexible, the, cost is reduced, shown 17, is safe subassembly, including overcharge overdischarge protection, voltage release device, fuse, temperature sensor etc. also can install battery management system integrated component, does not occupy the space in the group battery, and multiplicable or increase battery (electric core) like this improves the battery package total electric quantity.
Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing frame structures of different shapes of a battery pack, showing a positive electrode
Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made in these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the invention, the scope of which is defined in the appended claims and their equivalents.
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