阅读说明：本技术 反射式超声风速仪和风速检测方法 (Reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and wind speed detection method ) 是由 叶华俊 刘韬 于 2021-09-22 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明提供了反射式超声风速仪和风速检测方法,所述反射式超声风速仪包括底座、换能器、支撑柱、反射体和分析单元；所述换能器设置在所述底座上,所述反射体处于所述底座的上侧,并具有内凹反射面；所述支撑柱设置在所述底座和反射体之间,相邻换能器之间设置所述支撑柱；四个换能器和四个支撑柱设置在底座上,所述支撑柱和换能器交替设置,在所述底座上,相邻的支撑柱和换能器对应的圆心角均是45°；计算单元用于根据所述分析单元输出的计算风速V得到校正风速,a,b,c均是常数,d是与实测风向角有关的参数。本发明具有风速测量准确、风速测量范围大等优点。(The invention provides a reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and a wind speed detection method, wherein the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer comprises a base, a transducer, a support column, a reflector and an analysis unit; the transducer is arranged on the base, and the reflector is arranged on the upper side of the base and provided with an inward concave reflecting surface; the supporting column is arranged between the base and the reflector, and the supporting column is arranged between the adjacent transducers; the four transducers and the four supporting columns are arranged on the base, the supporting columns and the transducers are alternately arranged, and the central angles corresponding to the adjacent supporting columns and the transducers on the base are both 45 degrees; the calculation unit is used for obtaining a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unit A, b and c are constants, d is a parameter related to the measured wind direction angle. The invention has wind speed measurement accuracyThe wind speed measurement range is large.)

1. The reflection type ultrasonic anemometer comprises a base, a transducer, a support column, a reflector and an analysis unit; the transducer is arranged on the base, and the reflector is arranged on the upper side of the base and provided with an inward concave reflecting surface; the supporting column is arranged between the base and the reflector, and the supporting column is arranged between the adjacent transducers; the energy-saving type ultrasonic transducer is characterized in that four transducers and four supporting columns are arranged on a base, the supporting columns and the transducers are alternately arranged, and central angles corresponding to adjacent supporting columns and transducers on the base are all 45 degrees; the reflective ultrasonic anemometer further includes:

a calculation unit for obtaining a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unitA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle output by the analysis unit.

2. The reflective ultrasonic anemometer of claim 1 wherein the concave reflecting surface comprises a plurality of annular reflecting surfaces, and the larger the distance from the center of the concave reflecting surface, the smaller the included angle between the tangent of the reflecting point of each annular reflecting surface in the vertical plane and the vertical direction.

3. The reflective ultrasonic anemometer of claim 2 wherein the intersection of the annular reflecting surface and the vertical surface is a straight line segment having a tangent to each point in the vertical plane at a constant angle to the vertical.

4. The reflective ultrasonic anemometer of claim 3 wherein the annular reflective surface nearest the center is a plane for which the included angle is 90 °.

5. The ultrasonic anemometer of claim 2 wherein the intersection of the annular reflecting surface and the vertical surface is an arc segment, and the larger the distance from the center of the concave reflecting surface, the smaller the angle between the tangent of each point on the arc segment in the vertical surface and the vertical direction.

6. The reflective ultrasonic anemometer of claim 1 wherein a =0.2, b = -0.22, c = 30.

7. The method for detecting wind speed of a reflective ultrasonic anemometer according to any one of claims 1-6; the wind speed detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(A1) the analysis unit outputs a calculated wind speed V and an actually measured wind direction angle;

(A2) the calculation unit obtains a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed VA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle.

Technical Field

The invention relates to wind speed detection, in particular to a reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and a wind speed detection method.

Background

The measurement of wind speed and wind direction has important value in many industries such as meteorological monitoring, wind power generation, agriculture and the like. In the field of meteorological monitoring, particularly marine meteorological monitoring, the requirement on a wind speed measurement range is high, and an anemorumbometer can measure (40-60) m/s or even higher wind speed; in the field of wind power generation, the measurement precision and the measurement range of wind speed and wind direction directly determine the working state of a wind driven generator (a small fan or a large fan is started or stopped), and the power generation efficiency of the wind driven generator is influenced (a variable pitch system adjusts the windward angle of blades according to the wind speed, and a yaw system adjusts the windward angle of an impeller and a cabin according to the wind direction).

The early anemorumbometer was mostly traditional mechanical anemoscope, wherein the more typical cup anemorumbometer comprises a sensing part consisting of 3 parabolic cone empty cups fixed on a support at 120 degrees, the concave surfaces of the empty cups all face to one direction, the whole sensing part is installed on a vertical rotating shaft, and under the action of wind force, the cup rotates around the shaft at a rotating speed proportional to the wind speed. The anemoscope has the advantages of simple principle, convenience in use, low cost and the like, but also has the problems of large volume, low integration level, easiness in abrasion and aging, large measurement value caused by starting wind speed and inertia and the like, and the key points are that the mechanical anemoscope is poor in measurement accuracy and small in measurement range, and can not meet the application requirements of high-accuracy large-range wind speed measurement.

In order to overcome the defects of the traditional mechanical anemograph, the anemograph based on the ultrasonic time difference method principle is applied more and more, and the ultrasonic time difference method anemograph has the advantages of no need of starting wind speed, large measuring range, high measuring precision, no movable part, no abrasion, convenience in mounting and dismounting, convenience in carrying and the like. A two-dimensional ultrasonic time difference anemometer is generally composed of four ultrasonic transducers, wind speeds in two directions (north and south and east and west) are measured, and the final wind speed and the final wind direction angle are calculated through vector synthesis.

A reflection type ultrasonic time difference anemoclinograph is characterized in that a reflection surface is added on the basis of the principle of an ultrasonic time difference method, four ultrasonic transducers mostly emit ultrasonic signals upwards at an elevation angle of 45 degrees, and the signals are received by the opposite ultrasonic transducers after being reflected by the bottom surface of an upper cover. The reflection type ultrasonic time difference anemoscope still has some defects:

1. the problem of wind speed measurement errors caused by different blocking areas at different angles;

the blocking area of the reflecting ultrasonic time difference anemoscope is large, the influence of the blocking area needs to be corrected when the wind speed is measured, and the wind speed is usually calibrated by using a standard wind tunnel; however, the conventional calibration is only performed for limited directions (such as north and east), and the wind direction in nature is all directions and any angle is available. After the reflection type ultrasonic time difference anemoclinograph is calibrated, large measurement errors can occur at other angles due to the fact that the blocking area is different from the blocking area in the calibration direction. During wind tunnel testing, the calibrated direction measurement is accurate after calibration, but when the anemometer is rotated, the wind speed measurement at other angles has larger errors.

2. The problems of attenuation and loss of ultrasonic signals in strong wind;

a conventional reflecting surface of the reflecting type ultrasonic time difference anemoclinograph is designed in a plane mode, when the wind speed is high, the problem that signals are blown off and run exists, the amplitude of received echo signals is small, and the echo signals are difficult to detect or cannot be received. Some manufacturers design the reflecting surface into a concave surface structure, most of which is a spherical surface with a certain curvature, so that the problems of signal attenuation and loss under the condition of strong wind can be reduced to a certain extent, but the concave surface with the fixed curvature hardly meets the reflecting requirements of all wind speeds, for example, when the middle wind speed meets the reflecting requirements, the signal of the strong wind speed is often excessively reflected and cannot enter the ultrasonic transducer, and the concave surface with the certain curvature also introduces the nonlinear problem between the wind speed measured by the anemometer and the standard wind speed.

In summary, when the reflecting surface is a plane, when the wind speed is large, the problems of signal attenuation and loss are serious, but the nonlinear problem of wind speed measurement does not exist. When the reflecting surface is a spherical concave surface with fixed curvature, although the problems of attenuation and loss of large wind speed signals can be reduced to a certain extent, the reflecting requirements of all wind speed ranges cannot be met, and the problem of nonlinearity between the measured wind speed and the standard wind speed is also introduced.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to overcome the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a reflection type ultrasonic anemometer.

The purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme:

the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer comprises a base, a transducer, a support column, a reflector and an analysis unit; the transducer is arranged on the base, and the reflector is arranged on the upper side of the base and provided with an inward concave reflecting surface; the supporting column is arranged between the base and the reflector, and the supporting column is arranged between the adjacent transducers; the four transducers and the four supporting columns are arranged on the base, the supporting columns and the transducers are alternately arranged, and the central angles corresponding to the adjacent supporting columns and the transducers on the base are both 45 degrees; the reflective ultrasonic anemometer further includes:

a calculation unit for obtaining a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unitA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle output by the analysis unit.

The invention also aims to provide a wind speed detection method, which is realized by the following technical scheme:

according to the wind speed detection method of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer, the wind speed detection method comprises the following steps:

(A1) the analysis unit outputs a calculated wind speed V and an actually measured wind direction angle;

(A2) the calculation unit obtains a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed VA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:

according to the invention, the wind speed is calculated by correcting the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and the reflection surface is redesigned, so that the error of wind speed measurement is reduced, and the wind speed measurement range is enlarged;

1. the wind speed detection error is small;

according to the distribution characteristics of the support columns and the transducers, the calculation wind speed is corrected, and the wind speed error caused by different angles (different blocking areas in different directions) of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer is effectively reduced;

2. the wind speed measurement range is large, and the low wind speed measurement precision is high;

dividing the reflecting surface into a plurality of annular reflecting surfaces, wherein the larger the distance between the reflecting surface and the center of the concave reflecting surface is, the smaller the included angle between the tangent line of the reflecting point of each annular reflecting surface in the vertical plane and the vertical direction is; the intersection line of each annular reflecting surface and the vertical surface is a straight line segment or an arc line segment, so that the detection requirements of different wind speeds are met, and the wind speed measurement range is enlarged;

for high wind speed, ultrasonic signals fall on the annular reflecting surface on the outer side, and the ultrasonic signals can be reflected to the opposite side transducer as much as possible due to the small included angle;

for small wind speed, the ultrasonic signal falls on the annular reflecting surface at the innermost side, so that the included angle between the reflecting surface and the vertical direction is 90 degrees, the signal loss problem is not serious originally, and the problem of wind speed nonlinearity caused by concave surface reflection is not introduced;

for the wind speed of the middle part, the ultrasonic signals fall on the annular reflecting surface at the middle side, and the ultrasonic signals can be reflected back to the opposite side transducer as much as possible due to the moderate included angle.

Drawings

The disclosure of the present invention will become more readily understood with reference to the accompanying drawings. As is readily understood by those skilled in the art: these drawings are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In the figure:

FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a reflective ultrasonic anemometer according to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of support posts and transducers on a base, according to an embodiment of the invention;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a concave reflective surface of a reflective ultrasonic anemometer according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Detailed Description

Fig. 1-3 and the following description depict alternative embodiments of the invention to teach those skilled in the art how to make and use the invention. Some conventional aspects have been simplified or omitted for the purpose of explaining the technical solution of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that variations or substitutions from these embodiments will be within the scope of the invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the features described below can be combined in various ways to form multiple variations of the invention. Thus, the present invention is not limited to the following alternative embodiments, but is only limited by the claims and their equivalents.

Example 1:

fig. 1 shows a schematic structural diagram of a reflective ultrasonic anemometer according to an embodiment of the present invention, as shown in fig. 1, the reflective ultrasonic anemometer includes:

a base 21, a reflector 11 and an analysis unit, wherein the reflector 11 is arranged on the upper side of the base 21 and is provided with an inward concave reflecting surface 31 protruding upwards;

four transducers 41, four transducers 41 being arranged on the base 21;

four support columns 51, four support columns 51 are arranged on the base 21 and support the reflector 11; the supporting columns 51 are arranged between adjacent transducers 41;

as shown in fig. 2, the supporting columns 51 and the transducers 41 are alternately distributed, and on the base 21, the central angles of the corresponding circles of the adjacent supporting columns 51 and the adjacent transducers 41 are both 45 °;

a calculation unit for obtaining a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unitA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle output by the analysis unit.

In order to adapt to the measurement of various wind speeds, further, as shown in fig. 3, the concave reflecting surface 31 includes a plurality of annular reflecting surfaces, and the larger the distance from the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31, the smaller the included angle between the tangent of the reflecting point of each annular reflecting surface in the vertical plane and the vertical direction is.

According to the wind speed detection method of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer provided by the embodiment of the invention, the wind speed detection method comprises the following steps:

(A1) the analysis unit outputs a calculated wind speed V and an actually measured wind direction angle;

(A2) the calculation unit obtains a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed VA, b, c are constants if mod (A, 90) is ≦ 45, d = mod (A, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle.

Example 2:

the application example of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and the wind speed detection method according to the embodiment 1 of the invention is disclosed.

In this application example, as shown in fig. 1-2, in the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer, four transducers 41 and four supporting columns 51 are arranged on a base 21, supporting columns 51 are arranged between adjacent transducers 41, the supporting columns 51 and the transducers 41 are alternately arranged, and central angles corresponding to adjacent supporting columns 51 and transducers 41 are both 45 °;

as shown in fig. 3, the concave reflecting surface 31 includes three circular reflecting surfaces, the innermost circular reflecting surface 32 is a plane, the radius R1=2.08mm, and the plane is at an angle of 90 ° to the vertical direction;

the inner circle radius R2=6.24mm and the outer circle radius R3=12.48mm of the outermost annular reflecting surface 34, the intersection line of the outermost annular reflecting surface 34 and the vertical surface (including the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31) is an arc line segment, the curvature radius is 180mm, the larger the distance between the outermost annular reflecting surface 34 and the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31 is, the smaller the included angle between the tangent of each point (i.e., the reflecting point) of the arc line segment in the vertical surface and the vertical direction is, the maximum included angle is 85 degrees, and the included angle between the tangent 63 and the vertical direction 61 is 83 degrees;

the inner circle radius R1=2.08mm and the outer circle radius R2=6.24mm of the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side, the intersection line of the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side and a vertical surface (including the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31) is an arc line segment, the curvature radius is 140mm, the larger the distance between the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side and the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31 is, the smaller the included angle between the tangent of each point (namely, the reflecting point) of the arc line segment in the vertical surface and the vertical direction is, the maximum included angle is 88 degrees, the minimum included angle is 85 degrees, and if the included angle between the tangent 62 and the vertical direction 61 is 86 degrees;

the calculation unit obtains a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unitA =0.2, b = 0.22, c =30, if mod (a, 90) ≦ 45, d = mod (a, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle output by the analysis unit; if a =80, then d = 10; a = 265, then d = 5.

According to the wind speed detection method of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer provided by the embodiment of the invention, the wind speed detection method comprises the following steps:

(A1) the analysis unit outputs a calculated wind speed V and an actually measured wind direction angle;

(A2) the calculation unit obtains a corrected wind speed according to the calculated wind speed V output by the analysis unitA =0.2, b = 0.22, c =30, if mod (a, 90) ≦ 45, d = mod (a, 90); if mod (a, 90) > 45, d =90-mod (a, 90), a is the value of the measured wind direction angle; if a =62, then d = 28; a =15, then d = 15;

in the wind speed detection, for a large wind speed (in the range of about 30m/s-60 m/s), the ultrasonic signals fall on the outermost annular reflecting surface 34, and the ultrasonic signals can be reflected to the opposite side transducer 41 as much as possible, so that the attenuation and loss of the ultrasonic signals are effectively reduced;

for small wind speeds (within about 10 m/s), ultrasonic signals fall on the innermost annular reflecting surface 32, and the problem of wind speed nonlinearity caused by concave surface reflection is avoided;

for mid-section wind speeds (in the range of about 10m/s to 30 m/s), the ultrasonic signal falls on the ring-shaped reflecting surface 33 on the mid side.

According to the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and the wind speed detection method of the embodiment, the measured data is as follows:

therefore, after the technical scheme of the invention is adopted, the error is obviously reduced.

Example 3:

the application example of the reflection type ultrasonic anemometer and the wind speed detection method according to the embodiment 1 of the present invention is different from the embodiment 2 in that:

the radius of the inner ring of the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side is 2.08mm, the radius of the outer ring of the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side is 6.24mm, the intersecting line of the annular reflecting surface 33 on the middle side and the vertical surface (including the center 35 of the inner concave reflecting surface 31) is a straight line segment, the larger the distance between the straight line segment and the center 35 of the inner concave reflecting surface 31 is, the included angles between the tangent line of each point (namely, reflecting point) of the straight line segment in the vertical surface and the vertical direction are unchanged, and the included angles are 88 degrees;

the inner radius of the outermost annular reflecting surface 34 is 6.24mm, the outer radius is 12.48mm, the intersection line of the outermost annular reflecting surface 34 and the vertical plane (including the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31) is a straight line segment, and the larger the distance between the straight line segment and the center 35 of the concave reflecting surface 31 is, the included angle between the tangent of each point (i.e., reflecting point) of the straight line segment in the vertical plane and the vertical direction is constant, and is 85 degrees.

The above embodiments are only exemplary to show that the concave reflecting surface adopts three annular reflecting surfaces, but of course, more or less, such as four, five, two; and the inner concave reflecting surface is an ellipsoid, and the annular reflecting surface is an elliptical annular reflecting surface.