阅读说明：本技术 一种无氟环保高效型水成膜泡沫灭火剂及其制备方法 (Fluorine-free environment-friendly efficient aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and preparation method thereof ) 是由 郭王勇 鞠振福 靳昕 吴刘锁 张建成 李鹏 颜庆祥 徐泽强 李晓锐 朱琳 于 2019-09-02 设计创作，主要内容包括：本发明涉及灭火剂技术领域,具体涉及一种灭火剂组合物及其制备和应用。本发明所述的灭火剂组合物,包括有机硅表面活性剂、碳氢表面活性剂、有机助溶剂、泡沫添加剂等成分。其主要的优势在于：泡沫灭火剂中不含氟碳表面活性剂,使用聚醚改性聚硅氧烷型有机硅表面活性剂和/或聚醚三硅氧烷有机硅表面活性剂,在环保性的基础上,采用阴离子型、非离子型、两性型碳氢表面活性剂的复合物进行复配,能够达到更好的泡沫性能和灭火性能,通过多种组分的共同调节、剂量搭配,达到较低的表面张力、较好的发泡稳泡性、高效的灭火性能,弥补有机硅表面活性剂发泡稳泡性能相对较差的特点,能够达到在油面铺展的界限,易降解绿色环保,常应用于熄灭油火。(The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, and particularly relates to a fire extinguishing agent composition and preparation and application thereof. The fire extinguishing agent composition comprises components such as an organic silicon surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant, an organic cosolvent, a foam additive and the like. Its main advantage lies in: the foam fire extinguishing agent does not contain fluorocarbon surfactant, polyether modified polysiloxane type organosilicon surfactant and/or polyether trisiloxane organosilicon surfactant are used, on the basis of environmental protection, the compound of anionic, nonionic and amphoteric hydrocarbon surfactant is adopted for compounding, so that better foam performance and fire extinguishing performance can be achieved, the characteristics of lower surface tension, better foam stability and high-efficiency fire extinguishing performance are achieved through common adjustment and dosage collocation of various components, the relatively poorer foam stability performance of the organosilicon surfactant is compensated, the limit of spreading on the oil surface can be reached, the foam fire extinguishing agent is easy to degrade and is environment-friendly, and the foam fire extinguishing agent is often applied to extinguishing oil fire.)

1. An aqueous film-forming foam fire extinguishing agent, which is characterized by comprising the following components by mass based on the total mass of the fire extinguishing agent composition:

1-5 wt% of organic silicon surfactant,

0 to 0.1 weight percent of thickening agent,

2 to 4 weight percent of anti-burning agent,

5 to 10 weight percent of cosolvent,

0.5 to 1.5 weight percent of preservative,

5 to 10 weight percent of antifreeze agent,

0.1 to 1 weight percent of chelating agent,

the surfactant composition also comprises a hydrocarbon surfactant compound, wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant compound comprises 1-10 wt% of nonionic surfactant, 3-20 wt% of zwitterionic surfactant and 2-15 wt% of anionic surfactant.

2. The fire extinguishing composition of claim 1, wherein the silicone surfactant comprises a polyether modified polysiloxane type silicone surfactant and/or a polyether trisiloxane silicone surfactant.

3. The fire extinguishing agent composition of claims 1-2, wherein the polyether modified polysiloxane type silicone surfactant comprises one or more of silicone surfactant 8008, silicone surfactant 2235, silicone surfactant 5211, and silicone surfactant 0193; the polyether trisiloxane silicone surfactant includes one or more of silicone surfactant 8030, silicone surfactant 2232, silicone surfactant 408.

4. A fire extinguishing agent composition as recited in any one of claims 1-3 wherein the hydrocarbon nonionic surfactant comprises alkyl glycoside APG; the zwitterionic surfactant comprises cocamidopropyl betaine; the anionic surfactant comprises one or more of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate AES, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate AOS and sodium dodecyl sulfate K12.

5. Fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of claims 1-4, characterized in that the thickener is xanthan gum.

6. The fire extinguishing composition of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the burn retardant comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, modified starch, and carboxymethyl cellulose.

7. The fire extinguishing composition of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the co-solvent is ethylene glycol.

8. Fire extinguishing agent composition according to any one of claims 1-7, characterized in that the preservative is sodium benzoate.

9. Fire extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the anti-freeze agent is urea.

10. A fire extinguishing composition as recited in any one of claims 1-9, wherein the chelating agent is disodium edetate.

11. A method of preparing a fire extinguishing composition according to any one of claims 1 to 10, comprising the steps of:

s1: sequentially adding an organic silicon surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant compound and an antifreeze agent into industrial soft water, and fully dissolving to form a homogeneous solution;

s2: mixing a thickening agent, an anti-burning agent, a preservative, a chelating agent and a cosolvent, slowly pouring into the homogeneous solution under the stirring condition, and stirring to obtain a clear and uniform solution;

s3: adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.0-8.5, and standing to obtain the fire extinguishing agent composition.

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of fire extinguishing agents, in particular to a fluorine-free environment-friendly high-efficiency aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent composition, and preparation and application thereof.

Background

The foam extinguishing agent is a fire extinguishing agent commonly used at present for controlling fire, the main component of the traditional aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent is fluorocarbon surfactant, which can obviously reduce surface tension, so that the fire extinguishing agent can be used for extinguishing fire of a large oil product storage tank by adopting a liquid phase spraying method, and can also be used together with a dry powder extinguishing agent for extinguishing fire, the fire extinguishing speed of the fire extinguishing agent is one third faster than that of a protein foam extinguishing agent, but the fire extinguishing agent is difficult to degrade in the environment after being used; wherein, the fluorine-containing sulfate and sulfonate are forbidden to be used by national regulations, and the fluorocarbon surfactant is gradually stopped to be used; at present, most of efforts at home and abroad are to synthesize fluorocarbon surfactants with relatively few carbon chains, but whether the degradability and the fire extinguishing performance of the fluorocarbon surfactants can meet the requirements or not is still unknown.

The prior Chinese patent document CN109364421 discloses a green and environment-friendly fluorine-free foam fire extinguishing agent, which comprises hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, compound microbial polysaccharide, modified organosilicon surfactant, sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate, polyethylene glycol, glutamic acid N, N-tetrasodium diacetate, water-soluble ammonium polyphosphate, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol and water, so that the fire extinguishing efficiency can be ensured to be high, and the influence on the environment can be considered; is easy to decompose under high heat to release toxic gases such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide, other sulfides, oxides and the like; the water discharged into the water is difficult to naturally degrade in natural environment, so that the water is easy to generate peculiar smell and a large amount of foam, the oxygen exchange of the water body is influenced, the oxygen enrichment rate of the water body is accelerated, and the biotoxicity is generated. SDBS enters a human body along with drinking water and can stimulate weight gain and accelerate the speed of synthesizing cholesterol by the liver, researches find that the SDBS has an acute toxicity effect on normal living organisms in water, such as marine copepods organisms, and more researches show that linear sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) can obviously improve the sperm aberration rate of mice, but if the SDBS is not used, the foaming performance of the foam extinguishing agent is unstable, and the fire extinguishing efficiency is insufficient.

In view of the above, it is desirable to prepare a fire extinguishing agent which is safe and environmentally friendly and has sufficient fire extinguishing efficiency.

Disclosure of Invention

Therefore, the invention aims to solve the technical problems that the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent in the prior art is harmful to the environment and unstable in foaming performance, and provides a fluorine-free environment-friendly high-efficiency aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent composition which is safe and environment-friendly and has enough fire extinguishing efficiency, and a preparation method and an application thereof.

The invention discloses an aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent, which comprises the following components in percentage by mass:

1-5 wt% of organic silicon surfactant,

0 to 0.1 weight percent of thickening agent,

2 to 4 weight percent of anti-burning agent,

5 to 10 weight percent of cosolvent,

0.5 to 1.5 weight percent of preservative,

5 to 10 weight percent of antifreeze agent,

0.1 to 1 weight percent of chelating agent,

the surfactant composition also comprises a hydrocarbon surfactant compound, wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant compound comprises 1-10 wt% of nonionic surfactant, 3-20 wt% of zwitterionic surfactant and 2-15 wt% of anionic surfactant.

Optionally, the silicone surfactant comprises a polyether modified polysiloxane type silicone surfactant and/or a polyether trisiloxane silicone surfactant.

Optionally, the polyether-modified polysiloxane type silicone surfactant comprises one or more of silicone surfactant 8008, silicone surfactant 2235, silicone surfactant 5211, and silicone surfactant 0193; the polyether trisiloxane silicone surfactant includes one or more of silicone surfactant 8030, silicone surfactant 2232, silicone surfactant 408.

Optionally, the hydrocarbon nonionic surfactant comprises alkyl glycoside APG; the zwitterionic surfactant comprises cocamidopropyl betaine; the anionic surfactant comprises one or more of fatty alcohol-polyoxyethylene ether sodium sulfate AES, alpha-alkenyl sodium sulfonate AOS and sodium dodecyl sulfate K12.

Optionally, the thickening agent is xanthan gum.

Optionally, the anti-burn agent comprises one or more of polyethylene glycol, hydroxyethyl cellulose, modified starch and carboxymethyl cellulose.

Optionally, the cosolvent is ethylene glycol.

Optionally, the preservative is sodium benzoate.

Optionally, the antifreeze agent is urea.

Optionally, the chelating agent is disodium edetate.

The invention also discloses a method for preparing the fire extinguishing agent composition, which comprises the following steps:

s1: sequentially adding an organic silicon surfactant, a hydrocarbon surfactant compound and an antifreeze agent into industrial soft water, and fully dissolving to form a homogeneous solution;

s2: mixing a thickening agent, an anti-burning agent, a preservative, a chelating agent and a cosolvent, slowly pouring into the homogeneous solution under the stirring condition, and stirring to obtain a clear and uniform solution;

s3: adjusting the pH value of the solution to 7.0-8.5, and standing to obtain the fire extinguishing agent composition.

The technical scheme of the invention has the following advantages:

1. the fire extinguishing agent composition comprises an organic silicon surfactant and a hydrocarbon surfactant compound, wherein the hydrocarbon surfactant compound comprises a non-ionic surfactant, a zwitterionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant, a polyether modified polysiloxane type organic silicon surfactant and/or a polyether trisiloxane organic silicon surfactant is used for replacing a traditional fluorocarbon surfactant, and on the basis of environmental protection, the polyether modified polysiloxane type organic silicon surfactant and/or the polyether trisiloxane organic silicon surfactant are matched with different hydrocarbon surfactants to form a compound after being compounded, so that better foam performance and fire extinguishing performance can be achieved, and lower surface tension, better foam stability and high-efficiency fire extinguishing performance can be achieved by jointly adjusting various components and matching dosage. The anion hydrocarbon surfactant generally has the highest foamability and foam stability, but when the addition amount is more, the surface tension of the foam liquid can be continuously increased, and the fire extinguishing effect is reduced; the zwitterionic and nonionic surfactants and the ionic surfactants have good matching effect, so that the foam liquid drainage time is prolonged, the thickness of a liquid film is reduced, and the foam stability of the system is improved. The nonionic surfactant is inserted into the ion center of the amphoteric surfactant, so that the acting force between surface active molecules on the gas-liquid surface can be increased, the foam stability is further increased, the surface tension of the foam liquid is reduced, the characteristic that the foaming stability of the organic silicon surfactant is relatively poor is compensated, the spreading limit on the oil surface can be reached, the foam extinguishing agent is frequently applied to extinguishing oil fire, can be easily degraded in the environment, and is a green environment-friendly aqueous film forming foam extinguishing agent.

2. The fire extinguishing agent composition selects the polyether modified polysiloxane surfactant and/or the polyether trisiloxane organosilicon surfactant, and has lower surface tension and better acid and alkali resistance.

3. According to the fire extinguishing agent composition, all the auxiliaries are selected from various auxiliaries which meet the requirements of environmental protection degradability and no biotoxicity and can enhance the foam stability, burning resistance and storage property of the foam fire extinguishing agent; the viscosity and the elasticity of the surface film can be increased by adding the thickening agent xanthan gum, so that the mechanical strength of the surface film is enhanced, and the effect of stabilizing foam is achieved; the addition of the preservative sodium benzoate can increase the sterilization and bacteriostatic effects of the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and prolong the shelf life of the product; the addition of the antifreeze agent urea can increase and reduce the freezing point of the aqueous film-forming foam extinguishing agent and ensure the use at low temperature; meanwhile, the urea is used as the antifreeze agent, so that the corrosivity to metal can be reduced, and the product storage property can be improved; has solubilizing effect, and can improve solubility and dispersibility of organic components.

4. The preparation method of the fire extinguishing agent composition has the advantages of simple process, low cost, easy industrial production and good practicability.

Detailed Description

The following examples are provided to further understand the present invention, not to limit the scope of the present invention, but to provide the best mode, not to limit the content and the protection scope of the present invention, and any product similar or similar to the present invention, which is obtained by combining the present invention with other prior art features, falls within the protection scope of the present invention.